分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理废水技术研究
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摘要
本文从废水处理实际需要出发，选取生活污水、养殖废水及垃圾渗滤液三种具有典型水质特点的废水作为研究对象，通过分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地对三种废水的处理，研究了系统对COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP等主要污染物的去除效能与机理，探讨了工艺的最适运行工况与参数。此外，本文还以实验结果为依据，对分区进水ABR和多级垂直流人工湿地两种废水处理技术的特点进行了分析总结，从技术角度明晰了分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地二级工艺处理后的废水用于农灌的可行性。研究成果为分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水、养殖废水及垃圾渗滤液的工程应用提供了技术支撑。
研究结果表明，创新设计的分区进水ABR可以有效降低反应器第1格室的有机负荷，增强反应器的水解酸化能力，显著减少反应器的启动时间，提高反应器的处理效能。同时，开发的多级垂直流人工湿地，改变了湿地内废水的流态，增加了湿地的容积利用率，优化了湿地内的好氧区与厌氧区的功能，强化了湿地的硝化与反硝化作用，提高了湿地的处理能力。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理生活污水，分区进水ABR在水力停留时间(Hydraulic retention time, HRT)6h、湿地在HRT=1.5d条件下运行较为适宜。分区进水ABR对COD去除率平均保持在34.5%，最高可达44.2%。继之以多级垂直流人工湿地工艺处理，其冬季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在70.7%-83.1%、53.60%-75.3%、72.5%-84.9%和55.8%-82.5%之间，夏季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在87.3%-96.1%、78.2%-86.1%、94.4%-95.1%和81.8%-89.6%之间。经二级处理后，最终出水中COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的浓度冬季最高为59.81mg/L、24.16mg/L、23.13mg/L和9.70mg/L，夏季可低至7.36mg/L、6.54mg/L、3.64mg/L和2.81mg/L。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理养殖废水，分区进水ABR在HRT为8h-12h、湿地在HRT=3d条件下运行较为适宜。分区进水ABR对COD的去除率为35.0%-41.3%。继之以多级垂直流人工湿地工艺进行处理，其冬季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在71.6%-86.4%、69.8%-77.5%、68.0%-79.6%和64.3%-71.2%之间，夏季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在89.2%-93.9%、86.4%-91.2%、86.5%-89.4%和78.6%-85.6%之间。对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率最高发生在8月份，最低在1月份。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理垃圾渗滤液，分区进水ABR与湿地分别在HRT为12h和3d的条件下运行。分区进水ABR反应器对COD去除率为33.1%-36.7%。后继湿地对垃圾渗滤液中污染成分去除趋势和对生活污水、养殖废水的处理有很大差异，在7月份后期表现出对污染物去除有降低的趋势。经分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地二级工艺处理，渗滤液中COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在73.5%-91.5%、62.6%-84.2%、59.7%-83.9%和71.5%-84.4%之间。芦苇对Zn~(2+)的吸收能力强于Cu2+，湿地在冬夏两季对Zn~(2+)的去除差异明显。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地组合工艺对典型的高、低浓度有机废水均有较好的处理效果。分区进水ABR提高了反应器的水解酸化功能，多级垂直流人工湿地增强了系统的硝化与反硝化作用。经分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地二级工艺处理后的生活污水符合农业灌溉的标准。
This paper started with the practical wastewater treatment purposes, selected threekinds of typical wastewater, domestic sewage, aquaculture wastewater and landfillleachate, as the research objects, through the treatment of the three kinds of wastewaterby divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland, theremoval efficiency and mechanisms were investigated for COD and NH_3-N, TN, TPand other major pollutants, the optimal operating conditions and parameters of thesetechnology were discussed. Besides, according to the experimental results, this workalso summarized the characteristics of divisional influent ABR and multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and also revealed thefeasibility of wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation using the two-stage process ofdivisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland technologyfrom a technical point of view. The results could provide technical support for theengineering applications of divisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flowconstructed wetland technology in domestic sewage, aquaculture wastewater andlandfill leachate treatment.
The results showed that the innovative design divisional influent ABR caneffectively reduce the organic load of the first cell of the reactor chamber, enhance thecapability of hydrolysis and acidification, significantly reduce the start-up time, andimprove the processing performance of the reactor. Meanwhile, the multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland changed the wastewater flow state, increased thecapacity utilization, optimized the function of the aerobic zone and anaerobic zone inthe wetland, strengthened the nitrification and denitrification effect, and improved theprocessing capacity of the wetland.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of domestic sewage; the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) fordivisional influent ABR and wetland were6h and1.5d separately. By divisionalinfluent ABR the removal efficiency of COD maintained at an average of34.5%, withthe maximum of44.2%. Multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland was followed, in winter the removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in the range of70.7%-83.1%,53.60%-75.3%,72.5%-84.9%and55.8%-82.5%respectively; and insummer the removal rates of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in the range of87.3%-96.1%,78.2%-86.1%,94.4%-95.1%and81.8%-89.6%separately. After thetwo-stage treatment, the maximum concentrations of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP in thefinal effluent in winter were59.81mg/L,24.16mg/L,23.13mg/L and9.70mg/L; whilein summer the corresponding concentrations could be as low as7.36mg/L,6.54mg/L,3.64mg/L and2.81mg/L respectively.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of aquaculture wastewater, the optimal HRT for divisional influentABR and wetland was8-12h and3d separately. By divisional influent ABR theremoval efficiency of COD was35.0%-41.3%. Multi-stage vertical-flow constructedwetland was followed, in winter the removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were inthe range of71.6%-86.4%,69.8%-77.5%,68.0%-79.6%and64.3%-71.2%respectively; and in summer the removal rates of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in therange of89.2%-93.9%,86.4%-91.2%,86.5%-89.4%and78.6%-85.6%separately. Themaximum and minimum removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in August andJanuary separately.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of landfill leachate, the optimal HRT for divisional influent ABRand wetland was12h and3d separately. By divisional influent ABR the removalefficiency of COD was33.1%-36.7%. The removal trends of following multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland for the pollutants in landfill leachate weresignificantly different with that for domestic sewage and aquaculture wastewater, inlate July the removal efficiency of pollutants tended to decrease. After the two-stageprocess of divisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetlandthe removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP in landfill leachate were73.5%-91.5%,62.6%-84.2%,59.7%-83.9%and71.5%-84.4%. Reed had stronger absorption capacityfor Zn~(2+)than Cu2+; wetlands had significantly different removal efficiency for Zn~(2+)inwinter and summer.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetlandtechnology had better treatment effect on typical high or low concentration of organicwastewater. The divisional influent ABR reactor improved the capability of hydrolysis and acidification; multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland enhanced thenitrification and denitrification effect. Domestic sewage after treatment by thetwo-stage process of divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructedwetland could reach the standards of agricultural irrigation.
研究结果表明，创新设计的分区进水ABR可以有效降低反应器第1格室的有机负荷，增强反应器的水解酸化能力，显著减少反应器的启动时间，提高反应器的处理效能。同时，开发的多级垂直流人工湿地，改变了湿地内废水的流态，增加了湿地的容积利用率，优化了湿地内的好氧区与厌氧区的功能，强化了湿地的硝化与反硝化作用，提高了湿地的处理能力。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理生活污水，分区进水ABR在水力停留时间(Hydraulic retention time, HRT)6h、湿地在HRT=1.5d条件下运行较为适宜。分区进水ABR对COD去除率平均保持在34.5%，最高可达44.2%。继之以多级垂直流人工湿地工艺处理，其冬季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在70.7%-83.1%、53.60%-75.3%、72.5%-84.9%和55.8%-82.5%之间，夏季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在87.3%-96.1%、78.2%-86.1%、94.4%-95.1%和81.8%-89.6%之间。经二级处理后，最终出水中COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的浓度冬季最高为59.81mg/L、24.16mg/L、23.13mg/L和9.70mg/L，夏季可低至7.36mg/L、6.54mg/L、3.64mg/L和2.81mg/L。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理养殖废水，分区进水ABR在HRT为8h-12h、湿地在HRT=3d条件下运行较为适宜。分区进水ABR对COD的去除率为35.0%-41.3%。继之以多级垂直流人工湿地工艺进行处理，其冬季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在71.6%-86.4%、69.8%-77.5%、68.0%-79.6%和64.3%-71.2%之间，夏季对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在89.2%-93.9%、86.4%-91.2%、86.5%-89.4%和78.6%-85.6%之间。对COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率最高发生在8月份，最低在1月份。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地处理垃圾渗滤液，分区进水ABR与湿地分别在HRT为12h和3d的条件下运行。分区进水ABR反应器对COD去除率为33.1%-36.7%。后继湿地对垃圾渗滤液中污染成分去除趋势和对生活污水、养殖废水的处理有很大差异，在7月份后期表现出对污染物去除有降低的趋势。经分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地二级工艺处理，渗滤液中COD、NH_3-N、TN与TP的去除率分别在73.5%-91.5%、62.6%-84.2%、59.7%-83.9%和71.5%-84.4%之间。芦苇对Zn~(2+)的吸收能力强于Cu2+，湿地在冬夏两季对Zn~(2+)的去除差异明显。
分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地组合工艺对典型的高、低浓度有机废水均有较好的处理效果。分区进水ABR提高了反应器的水解酸化功能，多级垂直流人工湿地增强了系统的硝化与反硝化作用。经分区进水ABR-多级垂直流人工湿地二级工艺处理后的生活污水符合农业灌溉的标准。
This paper started with the practical wastewater treatment purposes, selected threekinds of typical wastewater, domestic sewage, aquaculture wastewater and landfillleachate, as the research objects, through the treatment of the three kinds of wastewaterby divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland, theremoval efficiency and mechanisms were investigated for COD and NH_3-N, TN, TPand other major pollutants, the optimal operating conditions and parameters of thesetechnology were discussed. Besides, according to the experimental results, this workalso summarized the characteristics of divisional influent ABR and multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and also revealed thefeasibility of wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation using the two-stage process ofdivisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland technologyfrom a technical point of view. The results could provide technical support for theengineering applications of divisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flowconstructed wetland technology in domestic sewage, aquaculture wastewater andlandfill leachate treatment.
The results showed that the innovative design divisional influent ABR caneffectively reduce the organic load of the first cell of the reactor chamber, enhance thecapability of hydrolysis and acidification, significantly reduce the start-up time, andimprove the processing performance of the reactor. Meanwhile, the multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland changed the wastewater flow state, increased thecapacity utilization, optimized the function of the aerobic zone and anaerobic zone inthe wetland, strengthened the nitrification and denitrification effect, and improved theprocessing capacity of the wetland.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of domestic sewage; the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) fordivisional influent ABR and wetland were6h and1.5d separately. By divisionalinfluent ABR the removal efficiency of COD maintained at an average of34.5%, withthe maximum of44.2%. Multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland was followed, in winter the removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in the range of70.7%-83.1%,53.60%-75.3%,72.5%-84.9%and55.8%-82.5%respectively; and insummer the removal rates of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in the range of87.3%-96.1%,78.2%-86.1%,94.4%-95.1%and81.8%-89.6%separately. After thetwo-stage treatment, the maximum concentrations of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP in thefinal effluent in winter were59.81mg/L,24.16mg/L,23.13mg/L and9.70mg/L; whilein summer the corresponding concentrations could be as low as7.36mg/L,6.54mg/L,3.64mg/L and2.81mg/L respectively.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of aquaculture wastewater, the optimal HRT for divisional influentABR and wetland was8-12h and3d separately. By divisional influent ABR theremoval efficiency of COD was35.0%-41.3%. Multi-stage vertical-flow constructedwetland was followed, in winter the removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were inthe range of71.6%-86.4%,69.8%-77.5%,68.0%-79.6%and64.3%-71.2%respectively; and in summer the removal rates of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in therange of89.2%-93.9%,86.4%-91.2%,86.5%-89.4%and78.6%-85.6%separately. Themaximum and minimum removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP were in August andJanuary separately.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland wereused for treatment of landfill leachate, the optimal HRT for divisional influent ABRand wetland was12h and3d separately. By divisional influent ABR the removalefficiency of COD was33.1%-36.7%. The removal trends of following multi-stagevertical-flow constructed wetland for the pollutants in landfill leachate weresignificantly different with that for domestic sewage and aquaculture wastewater, inlate July the removal efficiency of pollutants tended to decrease. After the two-stageprocess of divisional influent ABR and multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetlandthe removal rate of COD, NH_3-N, TN and TP in landfill leachate were73.5%-91.5%,62.6%-84.2%,59.7%-83.9%and71.5%-84.4%. Reed had stronger absorption capacityfor Zn~(2+)than Cu2+; wetlands had significantly different removal efficiency for Zn~(2+)inwinter and summer.
The divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetlandtechnology had better treatment effect on typical high or low concentration of organicwastewater. The divisional influent ABR reactor improved the capability of hydrolysis and acidification; multi-stage vertical-flow constructed wetland enhanced thenitrification and denitrification effect. Domestic sewage after treatment by thetwo-stage process of divisional influent ABR-multi-stage vertical-flow constructedwetland could reach the standards of agricultural irrigation.
引文
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