模块化产业组织的形成机制与发展路径研究
摘要
以熊彼特、钱德勒学说、交易成本理论、模块化组织理论以及Schilling一般性模块化系统理论为指导,以中国制造业模块化产业组织的现状与特征及中国经济运行环境的现实特点为依据,本文分析了中国制造业模块化产业组织的形成机制,构建了中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的理论模型,提出了中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的理论假说,并利用中国制造业30个分行业2005及2009年的截面数据,对Schilling理论假说及本文所提出的理论假说进行了实证检验,在此基础上,提出了中国制造业产业组织模块化发展的总体思路,建立了中国制造业产业组织模块化发展的基本框架,系统设计了中国制造业产业组织模块发展的“三阶段”路径。
对Schilling学说和中国假说的实证检验结果表明,投入与需求多样性对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响是正向显著的(0.106,p<0.001),产业标准、竞争强度、劳动密集度对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响则均是负向显著的,其估计参数系数值分别为(-0.223,p<0,01)、(-0.081,p<0.001)、(-1.172,p<0.01),技术创新对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的直接影响不显著(0.038,p=0.14)。外资比重对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响是正向显著的(0.443,p<0.001),企业规模对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响则是负向显著的(-1.488,p<0.001),虚拟变量行业属性的参数系数亦为负值(-0.178),并且统计上是显著的(p<0.001)。这说明,在不同的经济运行环境、不同的产业技术经济特征条件下,驱动模块化产业组织形成与演进的关键因素及影响程度是完全不同的。在中国情境下,外国直接投资是中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的主要驱动力,而非劳动密集型的中小企业则是构成中国制造业模块化产业组织的市场主体。
文章认为,产业组织模式的形成是经济环境与市场主体之间相互作用协同演进的结果,是经济环境与市场主体之间作用与反作用的长期动态博弈的结果,因此,实现中国制造业模块化产业组织的形成与发展,应从经济环境和市场主体两个层面入手,遵循从优化经济环境、健全制度机制到驱动主体行为、助推产业融合再到构建生产网络、提升竞争能力的“三阶段”发展路径。
With the guidance of Schumpeter and Chandler theory, transaction cost theory. Schilling's general modular system theory and the theory of modular organization, this thesis analyzes the formation mechanism of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. Based on the status of China's manufacturing modular industrial organization and the characteristics of the reality of the economic environment in China, the thesis also builds a theoretical model and presents the theoretical hypotheses of the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. Utilizing the cross-sectional data of30Chinese manufacturing industries in2005and2009, the paper tests Schilling's and China's theoretical hypotheses of the formation of modular industrial organization. In this basis, the paper presents the general idea, establishes the basic framework and systematically designs the "three-step" trajectory of the modular development of the Chinese manufacturing industrial organization.
The empirical study shows that the independent variable Heterogeneity of Inputs and Demands has a positive and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (0.106, p<0.001). However. Industry Standards, Intensity of Competition and Labor Intensity negatively and significantly affect the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. The estimated parameter coefficient values are respectively (-0.223, p<0.01),(-0.081, p<0.001), and (-1.172, p<0.01). And the direct impact of Technological Innovation on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization is not significant (0.038, p0.14). FDI has a positive and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (0.443, p<0.001). while Firm Size has a negative and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (-1.488, p<0.001). The parameter coefficients of the dummy variable Industry Attributes is also negative (-0.178). and statistically significant (p<0.001). All the above empirical results reveal that under different conditions of economic environment and distinct industrial technical-economical features, the key factors driving the formation of modular industrial organization are totally different. In the Chinese context. Foreign Direct Investment is the main driving force of China's manufacturing modular industrial organization. While, non-labor intensive small and medium enterprises constitute the main part of Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization.
The thesis maintains that the formation of industrial organization is a collaborative evolution of interaction between the economic environment and market entities and equilibrium of long-term and dynamic game playing between them. Therefore, to realize the formation and development of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization, the Three-Step trajectory should be followed. This trajectory will be moved on through two aspects, economic environment and market entities. First, the economic environment should be optimized and the institutional mechanism must be perfected. Second, the reactions of the market players will be stimulated and the industrial integration will be boosted. Third, the production network will be built and the overall strength and competitiveness will be enhanced.
对Schilling学说和中国假说的实证检验结果表明,投入与需求多样性对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响是正向显著的(0.106,p<0.001),产业标准、竞争强度、劳动密集度对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响则均是负向显著的,其估计参数系数值分别为(-0.223,p<0,01)、(-0.081,p<0.001)、(-1.172,p<0.01),技术创新对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的直接影响不显著(0.038,p=0.14)。外资比重对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响是正向显著的(0.443,p<0.001),企业规模对中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的影响则是负向显著的(-1.488,p<0.001),虚拟变量行业属性的参数系数亦为负值(-0.178),并且统计上是显著的(p<0.001)。这说明,在不同的经济运行环境、不同的产业技术经济特征条件下,驱动模块化产业组织形成与演进的关键因素及影响程度是完全不同的。在中国情境下,外国直接投资是中国制造业模块化产业组织形成的主要驱动力,而非劳动密集型的中小企业则是构成中国制造业模块化产业组织的市场主体。
文章认为,产业组织模式的形成是经济环境与市场主体之间相互作用协同演进的结果,是经济环境与市场主体之间作用与反作用的长期动态博弈的结果,因此,实现中国制造业模块化产业组织的形成与发展,应从经济环境和市场主体两个层面入手,遵循从优化经济环境、健全制度机制到驱动主体行为、助推产业融合再到构建生产网络、提升竞争能力的“三阶段”发展路径。
With the guidance of Schumpeter and Chandler theory, transaction cost theory. Schilling's general modular system theory and the theory of modular organization, this thesis analyzes the formation mechanism of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. Based on the status of China's manufacturing modular industrial organization and the characteristics of the reality of the economic environment in China, the thesis also builds a theoretical model and presents the theoretical hypotheses of the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. Utilizing the cross-sectional data of30Chinese manufacturing industries in2005and2009, the paper tests Schilling's and China's theoretical hypotheses of the formation of modular industrial organization. In this basis, the paper presents the general idea, establishes the basic framework and systematically designs the "three-step" trajectory of the modular development of the Chinese manufacturing industrial organization.
The empirical study shows that the independent variable Heterogeneity of Inputs and Demands has a positive and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (0.106, p<0.001). However. Industry Standards, Intensity of Competition and Labor Intensity negatively and significantly affect the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization. The estimated parameter coefficient values are respectively (-0.223, p<0.01),(-0.081, p<0.001), and (-1.172, p<0.01). And the direct impact of Technological Innovation on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization is not significant (0.038, p0.14). FDI has a positive and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (0.443, p<0.001). while Firm Size has a negative and significant impact on the formation of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization (-1.488, p<0.001). The parameter coefficients of the dummy variable Industry Attributes is also negative (-0.178). and statistically significant (p<0.001). All the above empirical results reveal that under different conditions of economic environment and distinct industrial technical-economical features, the key factors driving the formation of modular industrial organization are totally different. In the Chinese context. Foreign Direct Investment is the main driving force of China's manufacturing modular industrial organization. While, non-labor intensive small and medium enterprises constitute the main part of Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization.
The thesis maintains that the formation of industrial organization is a collaborative evolution of interaction between the economic environment and market entities and equilibrium of long-term and dynamic game playing between them. Therefore, to realize the formation and development of the Chinese manufacturing modular industrial organization, the Three-Step trajectory should be followed. This trajectory will be moved on through two aspects, economic environment and market entities. First, the economic environment should be optimized and the institutional mechanism must be perfected. Second, the reactions of the market players will be stimulated and the industrial integration will be boosted. Third, the production network will be built and the overall strength and competitiveness will be enhanced.
引文
①转引自马歇尔：《经济学原理》,下卷,424页,北京,商务印书馆,1965。
②转引自朱成全：《经济学方法论》,185页,大连,东北财经大学出版社,2005。
12转引自《马克思恩格斯选集》第二卷,人民出版社,1972年版,第83页。
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