基于RSD的重复频率脉冲功率电路研究
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摘要
脉冲功率技术广泛应用于环境保护、食品工业、军事、工业加工等多种领域，这些应用领域要求脉冲功率电源具有较高的重复频率。脉冲功率开关是重复频率脉冲功率电源的关键器件。气体开关的寿命较短、重复频率较低，而半导体功率开关具有寿命长、重复特性好、损耗较低等优点，在重复频率脉冲功率电源中呈现出逐步取代气体开关的趋势。新型半导体功率开关－反向开关晶体管(Reversely Switched Dynistor，RSD)基于反向触发原理，是脉冲功率装置的理想开关元件。本论文紧密围绕RSD重复频率脉冲功率电路建模及仿真、高压电容充电电路设计、磁开关技术以及RSD脉冲功率电路结构等问题进行了系统深入的研究。
介绍了RSD的基本结构，描述了RSD脉冲功率电路的工作过程。现有的RSD极限电流计算公式只适用于波形为方波和标准正弦波的脉冲电流。基于I2t概念，推导了适用于各类脉冲放电电流波形的RSD极限电流计算公式。
完成了RC线性充电、LRC谐振充电、IGBT串联谐振充电等高压电容充电电路的分析、设计及试验，并应用于RSD重复频率脉冲功率电路。LRC谐振充电电路可以获得较高的频率，但是大电流充电脉冲可能影响元件的寿命。提出了应用于RSD脉冲功率电路的LRC谐振升压充电电路，放电电压小于5kV时，可以替代升压变压器。推导了放电电容C的稳态电压U的计算公式。理论计算结果表明，U随C的电容值的增加而减小，当充电回路电感L从5μH增加至100μH时，U增加约12%；当充电回路电阻R从0.01增加至0.1时，U下降约10%；放电回路电感L0从0.06μH增加至2.4μH时，U增加约40%；当放电回路电阻R0从0.01增加至0.1时，U从4kV下降至1.1kV。U下降约73%。C=9.4μF时，理论计算得到U为1.3kV，实验得到U为900V，为直流电源E0的3倍。实验波形分析结果表明，晶闸管和整流二极管的关断时间太长是造成实验电压低于仿真值的关键因素。IGBT高频恒流逆变充电方式的充电速度快，电流稳定，但是系统复杂，成本较高。
分析了RSD的直接预充、谐振预充和变压器升压预充等三种预充电路。直接式预充电路结构简单，预充电压、电流调节非常方便，但一般只适合应用在RSD的单次开通；谐振触发方式适用于RSD重复频率脉冲功率电路；变压器触发方式更适用于电压高于10KV的RSD开关的触发。
介绍了磁开关的基本原理。计算了磁开关的动态电感与电流的量化曲线,建立了磁开关动态电感模型。设计了磁开关的消磁电路。
在SABER-MATLAB协同仿真平台建立了RSD脉冲功率电路模型。计算结果表明，主回路电阻负载在0.01-1变化时，RSD预充时间tR变化很小，主回路电感和1以上的主回路电阻对RSD预充时间影响较明显，计算结果与实验结果最大误差为5%，表明低压实验结果通过仿真计算，可预测较准确的高压实验的tR。
RSD的单次10KV脉冲放电测试的电流峰值为114.5kA，RSD最大功率为52MW，总损耗为4.5kJ，占释放能量80kJ的5.6%。3.1kV单次试验的电流峰值为6.5kA，di/dt约为1.3kA/μs。
设计了RSD高重复频率脉冲功率电路。连续重复频率模式的工作电压为2.4KV，当重复频率为10Hz时，连续放电5000次；当重复频率为20-60Hz时，分别连续放电1000次。RSD输出电流峰值为2.44kA，脉宽为9μs，工作频率从10Hz增加至60Hz时，输出电流从2.44kA下降至2.21kA，变化率为4.5%。测试了RSD的长期工作特性，分别进行了放电频率为10-50Hz的长时间放电实验，放电电压为460V。10Hz的RSD电流峰值为1.4kA，脉宽为18μs。测试时间总长度为497分钟，累计放电次数为71万次。理论分析及实验结果表明，基于RSD的高重复频率脉冲功率电路的优势是较好的稳定性，可同时满足高频率、高功率、窄脉宽等要求。
In civilian as well as nvironmental protection, food industry, war industry, andmanufacture industry, there is a growing demand for Repetition Frequency pulse powercircuit that can produce high power pulse at relatively high repetition rate. Pulse powerswitch is the key to the Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit. The disadvantages of gasswitch are short life and low repetition rate. The advantages of semiconductor pulse powerswitch are long life, high repetition rate and low dissipation. In high Repetition Frequencypulse power supply, the gas switch may be replaced gradually by semiconductor pulsepower switch. Reversely Switched Dynistor(RSD), a new kind of high-powersemiconductor device based on principle of reverse recharged, is a preferred candidate forthe switch applied in the pulse power circuit. In this dissertation, pulse power circuit basedon RSD modeling, design and experiment of recharge circuit of high voltage cap, magneticswitch technology, and topology of pulse power circuit base on RSD are researchedthoroughly.
In this dissertation，the structure of RSD and elementary pulse power circuit based onRSD is introduced. The shortage of current compute formula of RSD terminal current isthat only square wave and standard sine wave can be computed in this formula. Based onconception of I2t, a new kind of compute formula of RSD terminal current which can beused in most RSD pulse discharge circuit was derivated.
The analysis, design, and experiment of RC linear charging circuit, LRC resonantcharging circuit, and IGBT series resonance charge circuit were processed, and the threekind of charging circuit were applied in the RSD Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit.Charge frequency of LRC charge circuit is high, but the charging current is large whichmay affect the life of the devices. The LRC resonance step-up charge circuit which appliedin RSD pulse power circuit was bring forward, and the step-up transformer can replaced byLRC under discharge voltage of5kV. The formula of steady voltage U of dischargecapacitance C was derivated. Simulation Results show that, U decrease with increase of C;the increase percent of U changes is12%with charge circuit inductor L in5μH-100μH; thedecrease percent of U changes is10%with charge circuit resistor R in0.01-0.1; the increasepercent of U changes is40%with discharge circuit inductor L0in0.06μH-2.4μH; the decreasepercent of U changes is73%with discharge circuit resistor R0in0.01-0.1. The theoreticalcalculation result of U is1.3kV; while the experiment result is900V under C of9.4μF, thevoltage of direct current supply of327V. The study of experiment curve shows that the longturn-off time of turn-on switch SCR and turn-off switch diode results decrease of experiment voltage of U. IGBT serial resonant constant current charger has the advantages of stable andfast charging current, but the charging module is complexity and high cost.
Direct triggering circuit, resonant triggering circuit and transformer triggering circuitof RSD are analyzed. Direct triggering circuit is relatively simple, design of the pre-chargevoltage and current regulation are convenient, but it generally suitable for high power singlepulse circuit. Resonant trigger circuit is suitable for Repetition Frequency pulse power circuitbased on RSD. Voltage higher than10KV is preferred to be triggered by the transformer.
Principle of magnetic switch is introduced. Data curve of dynamic inductance andcurrent of magnetic switch is computed, and dynamic magnetic switch inductance modelbased on data table was built in M file. The magnetic reversed circuit was designed.
Pulse power circuit model which include RSD physical model was built inSABER-MATLAB Co-Simulation Environment. Simulation Result shows that Triggeringtime tRchanges little with Resistance load in0.01-1, but influence obviously withinductance load and resistance load above1. The result of calculation and experimentalresult accord with very well. tRin high voltage experiment can be estimated fromexperiment results of triggering time of low voltage experiment.
Voltage of single pulse discharge test of RSD is10KV, current peak of RSD is114.5KA, and power peak is52MW.4.5kJ of total losses of RSD is5.6%of80kJ of releaseenergy. The current peak of3.1kV experiment is6.5kA, and the di/dt is about1.3kA/μs.
Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit based on RSD is designed. The parameter ofcircuit and magnetic switch were designed with2.4kV of the operation voltage. Continuouspulse discharge frequency of experiment is10-60Hz, respectively, the experimental peakcurrent was2.44kA with9μs pulse width, the number of continuous discharge pulse is5000with10Hz of pulse discharge frequency. The number of continuous discharge pulse is1000with20-60Hz of pulse discharge frequency. When the pulse discharge frequency changedfrom10Hz to60Hz, the peak current decreased from2.44KA to2.21kA, the decreasepercent is4.5%. The long-time discharge character of RSD was tested with460V of theoperation voltage. The frequency of experiment is10-50Hz, respectively. The experimentalpeak current was1.4kA with18μs pulse width, the time of continuous discharge test is497minute and total number of discharge was710000.Frequency of RSD Burst RepetitionFrequency pulse discharge experiment is500Hz, the number of continuous discharge pulseis10, and the discharge voltage is1.2kV.
The theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the advantage of RepetitionFrequency pulse power circuit based on RSD is well stabilization, high frequency, highpower, and narrow pulse width.
介绍了RSD的基本结构，描述了RSD脉冲功率电路的工作过程。现有的RSD极限电流计算公式只适用于波形为方波和标准正弦波的脉冲电流。基于I2t概念，推导了适用于各类脉冲放电电流波形的RSD极限电流计算公式。
完成了RC线性充电、LRC谐振充电、IGBT串联谐振充电等高压电容充电电路的分析、设计及试验，并应用于RSD重复频率脉冲功率电路。LRC谐振充电电路可以获得较高的频率，但是大电流充电脉冲可能影响元件的寿命。提出了应用于RSD脉冲功率电路的LRC谐振升压充电电路，放电电压小于5kV时，可以替代升压变压器。推导了放电电容C的稳态电压U的计算公式。理论计算结果表明，U随C的电容值的增加而减小，当充电回路电感L从5μH增加至100μH时，U增加约12%；当充电回路电阻R从0.01增加至0.1时，U下降约10%；放电回路电感L0从0.06μH增加至2.4μH时，U增加约40%；当放电回路电阻R0从0.01增加至0.1时，U从4kV下降至1.1kV。U下降约73%。C=9.4μF时，理论计算得到U为1.3kV，实验得到U为900V，为直流电源E0的3倍。实验波形分析结果表明，晶闸管和整流二极管的关断时间太长是造成实验电压低于仿真值的关键因素。IGBT高频恒流逆变充电方式的充电速度快，电流稳定，但是系统复杂，成本较高。
分析了RSD的直接预充、谐振预充和变压器升压预充等三种预充电路。直接式预充电路结构简单，预充电压、电流调节非常方便，但一般只适合应用在RSD的单次开通；谐振触发方式适用于RSD重复频率脉冲功率电路；变压器触发方式更适用于电压高于10KV的RSD开关的触发。
介绍了磁开关的基本原理。计算了磁开关的动态电感与电流的量化曲线,建立了磁开关动态电感模型。设计了磁开关的消磁电路。
在SABER-MATLAB协同仿真平台建立了RSD脉冲功率电路模型。计算结果表明，主回路电阻负载在0.01-1变化时，RSD预充时间tR变化很小，主回路电感和1以上的主回路电阻对RSD预充时间影响较明显，计算结果与实验结果最大误差为5%，表明低压实验结果通过仿真计算，可预测较准确的高压实验的tR。
RSD的单次10KV脉冲放电测试的电流峰值为114.5kA，RSD最大功率为52MW，总损耗为4.5kJ，占释放能量80kJ的5.6%。3.1kV单次试验的电流峰值为6.5kA，di/dt约为1.3kA/μs。
设计了RSD高重复频率脉冲功率电路。连续重复频率模式的工作电压为2.4KV，当重复频率为10Hz时，连续放电5000次；当重复频率为20-60Hz时，分别连续放电1000次。RSD输出电流峰值为2.44kA，脉宽为9μs，工作频率从10Hz增加至60Hz时，输出电流从2.44kA下降至2.21kA，变化率为4.5%。测试了RSD的长期工作特性，分别进行了放电频率为10-50Hz的长时间放电实验，放电电压为460V。10Hz的RSD电流峰值为1.4kA，脉宽为18μs。测试时间总长度为497分钟，累计放电次数为71万次。理论分析及实验结果表明，基于RSD的高重复频率脉冲功率电路的优势是较好的稳定性，可同时满足高频率、高功率、窄脉宽等要求。
In civilian as well as nvironmental protection, food industry, war industry, andmanufacture industry, there is a growing demand for Repetition Frequency pulse powercircuit that can produce high power pulse at relatively high repetition rate. Pulse powerswitch is the key to the Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit. The disadvantages of gasswitch are short life and low repetition rate. The advantages of semiconductor pulse powerswitch are long life, high repetition rate and low dissipation. In high Repetition Frequencypulse power supply, the gas switch may be replaced gradually by semiconductor pulsepower switch. Reversely Switched Dynistor(RSD), a new kind of high-powersemiconductor device based on principle of reverse recharged, is a preferred candidate forthe switch applied in the pulse power circuit. In this dissertation, pulse power circuit basedon RSD modeling, design and experiment of recharge circuit of high voltage cap, magneticswitch technology, and topology of pulse power circuit base on RSD are researchedthoroughly.
In this dissertation，the structure of RSD and elementary pulse power circuit based onRSD is introduced. The shortage of current compute formula of RSD terminal current isthat only square wave and standard sine wave can be computed in this formula. Based onconception of I2t, a new kind of compute formula of RSD terminal current which can beused in most RSD pulse discharge circuit was derivated.
The analysis, design, and experiment of RC linear charging circuit, LRC resonantcharging circuit, and IGBT series resonance charge circuit were processed, and the threekind of charging circuit were applied in the RSD Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit.Charge frequency of LRC charge circuit is high, but the charging current is large whichmay affect the life of the devices. The LRC resonance step-up charge circuit which appliedin RSD pulse power circuit was bring forward, and the step-up transformer can replaced byLRC under discharge voltage of5kV. The formula of steady voltage U of dischargecapacitance C was derivated. Simulation Results show that, U decrease with increase of C;the increase percent of U changes is12%with charge circuit inductor L in5μH-100μH; thedecrease percent of U changes is10%with charge circuit resistor R in0.01-0.1; the increasepercent of U changes is40%with discharge circuit inductor L0in0.06μH-2.4μH; the decreasepercent of U changes is73%with discharge circuit resistor R0in0.01-0.1. The theoreticalcalculation result of U is1.3kV; while the experiment result is900V under C of9.4μF, thevoltage of direct current supply of327V. The study of experiment curve shows that the longturn-off time of turn-on switch SCR and turn-off switch diode results decrease of experiment voltage of U. IGBT serial resonant constant current charger has the advantages of stable andfast charging current, but the charging module is complexity and high cost.
Direct triggering circuit, resonant triggering circuit and transformer triggering circuitof RSD are analyzed. Direct triggering circuit is relatively simple, design of the pre-chargevoltage and current regulation are convenient, but it generally suitable for high power singlepulse circuit. Resonant trigger circuit is suitable for Repetition Frequency pulse power circuitbased on RSD. Voltage higher than10KV is preferred to be triggered by the transformer.
Principle of magnetic switch is introduced. Data curve of dynamic inductance andcurrent of magnetic switch is computed, and dynamic magnetic switch inductance modelbased on data table was built in M file. The magnetic reversed circuit was designed.
Pulse power circuit model which include RSD physical model was built inSABER-MATLAB Co-Simulation Environment. Simulation Result shows that Triggeringtime tRchanges little with Resistance load in0.01-1, but influence obviously withinductance load and resistance load above1. The result of calculation and experimentalresult accord with very well. tRin high voltage experiment can be estimated fromexperiment results of triggering time of low voltage experiment.
Voltage of single pulse discharge test of RSD is10KV, current peak of RSD is114.5KA, and power peak is52MW.4.5kJ of total losses of RSD is5.6%of80kJ of releaseenergy. The current peak of3.1kV experiment is6.5kA, and the di/dt is about1.3kA/μs.
Repetition Frequency pulse power circuit based on RSD is designed. The parameter ofcircuit and magnetic switch were designed with2.4kV of the operation voltage. Continuouspulse discharge frequency of experiment is10-60Hz, respectively, the experimental peakcurrent was2.44kA with9μs pulse width, the number of continuous discharge pulse is5000with10Hz of pulse discharge frequency. The number of continuous discharge pulse is1000with20-60Hz of pulse discharge frequency. When the pulse discharge frequency changedfrom10Hz to60Hz, the peak current decreased from2.44KA to2.21kA, the decreasepercent is4.5%. The long-time discharge character of RSD was tested with460V of theoperation voltage. The frequency of experiment is10-50Hz, respectively. The experimentalpeak current was1.4kA with18μs pulse width, the time of continuous discharge test is497minute and total number of discharge was710000.Frequency of RSD Burst RepetitionFrequency pulse discharge experiment is500Hz, the number of continuous discharge pulseis10, and the discharge voltage is1.2kV.
The theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the advantage of RepetitionFrequency pulse power circuit based on RSD is well stabilization, high frequency, highpower, and narrow pulse width.
引文
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