基于虚拟现实的水电机组状态监测分析方法研究
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摘要
水电机组作为水电站的重要资产，其安全稳定运行关系到电力系统稳定和电站及人民生命财产安全。而机组设备的状态监测与分析工作直接关系着水电站的安全和经济运行，涉及到机组运行状态监测、监测分析、设备异常检测及故障诊断分析决策等方面。状态监测与分析技术性强，需要在维护工作中不断引进先进的技术方法和手段。虚拟现实技术作为一种高级的人机交互接口技术，在信息化虚拟环境展示、状态可视化仿真表达、分析操作辅助引导方面有广阔的应用前景。针对水电机组状态监测和故障检测问题，研究了基于虚拟现实的水电机组状态监测及分析方法，在虚拟现实环境下提供“如临现场”的状态监测展示、分析辅助与故障检测引导，帮助用户进行故障分析与诊断，并结合中国长江电力股份有限公司葛洲坝电站水轮发电机组的状态监测及故障分析维护进行了工业实践，成果成功应用于22台机组上。
首先分析了水电机组状态监测与故障诊断技术发展概况和机组设备状态监测及故障检测分析的发展方向。接着，对水电设备状态监测与故障检测方法、机组状态监测与故障检测分析中使用的人工智能技术及虚拟现实技术等进行了探讨，明确了水电机组对状态监测及故障检测的要求，阐明了虚拟现实技术在水电机组状态监测与故障检测的应用前景。最后，确定了本文的主要研究工作及其意义。
综合分析了机组设备虚拟现实化方法对机组设备状态检修的影响，针对当前机组设备在状态监测、故障检测分析与诊断维护领域的表达和分析辅助所面临的问题和不足，从系统表现手段、系统人机交互、信息组织与知识挖掘以及分析手段等方面探讨了虚拟现实化对设备状态监测与故障分析系统的重要性；构建了机组状态监测与故障检测虚拟现实系统框架，详细研究了机组状态监测与故障检测虚拟现实系统实现的建模基础、可视化仿真及设备信息表达方法；从机组状态监测与分析、设备健康状况表达和设备故障检测三方面提出机组虚拟现实化表达的研究方法；最后，在机组设备3D工程可视化基础上，经过数据变换实现数字化描述，利用映射与感知模拟技术，完成设备可视化展现，在虚拟环境下借助环境渲染实现设备信息与知识的虚拟现实表达。
机组状态监测是机组设备实现状态检修的基础。对水电机组状态监测系统的现状进行了探讨，详细研究了机组设备监测分析虚拟现实化的监测手段和监测分析方法；在葛洲坝电站最优维护系统(HOMIS)集成监测平台下，结合机组设备工程3D模型和监测展示、设备分析手段，研究、解决了基于虚拟现实的状态监测与分析的关键技术，包括实时和历史状态的监测及分析，实现了机组设备的状态“直观”显示、监测分析和状态报警；在明确机组设备虚拟远程巡检意义的基础上，对其进行了功能框架设计，在虚拟环境中开展机组设备运行巡检、专家检查和辅助分析。
论述了当前机组设备故障检测技术的基本方法，研究了利用设备性能指标进行故障检测与专家经验知识发掘、开展故障检测的方法及实施的流程；利用性能指标图表表达、设备工程3D可视化模型及虚拟现实感知表达技术，实现了设备性能指标的虚拟表达，提供虚拟检测环境，在机组故障检测、诊断过程中给予直观、适当的信息和知识帮助；在虚拟现实环境下，开展了设备故障征兆显示与图形、图像、音频等多种人体感知方式(如视觉、听觉和触觉等)相结合的故障检测知识表达研究，帮助维护人员进行故障检测。
针对水电机组维护系统信息表达抽象及难以提供直观的分析与故障检测辅助的现状及运行特点，以葛洲坝电站水电机组为具体的研究对象，在HOMIS平台基础上，构建了基于虚拟现实技术的水电机组状态监测与故障检测分析系统，并对系统框架和功能进行了设计，研究了基于虚拟现实的状态监测在葛洲坝水电机组状态监测显示、异常状况报警、设备远程巡检，以及专家检查和辅助分析方法，并展现了应用效果；对基于虚拟现实的故障检测分析进行了研究，将虚拟故障检测应用于设备性能指标表达及故障性能检测表达、故障检测流程辅助和专家故障检测知识表达。
As the most important assets of the hydropower station, the reliable and stable operationof large-scale Hydro-turbine Generator Sets (HGS) has close relationship with powersystem safe operation, power station and the people's lives and property. The conditionmonitoring and analysis of HGS equipment, which involved the monitoring of HGSoperation status monitoring and analysis, device abnormal detection and fault diagnosisanalysis and decision of HGS equipment, is related directly to the safety and economicoperation of the hydropower station. The condition monitoring and analysis of HGSequipment is a technical and difficult maintenance work, which needs constantly introduceadvanced technology and methods and means.
Virtual reality technology is an advanced human-computer interaction interfacetechnology, been widely applied in the information display with virtual environments, statevisual simulation expression, operation guide of analysis and so on. The idea of VirtualReality (VR) applying to condition monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis of HGSwas proposed in this paper. Combined with the Gezhouba hydropower station of ChinaYangtze Power Co., Ltd., the condition monitoring and fault maintenance of HGS has beenput into industrial practice, and the outcomes applied successfully to22HGS of Gezhoubahydropower station.
Firstly, the research background was analyzed, and the technique development ofcondition monitoring and fault diagnosis for HGS was reviewed. The developmentdirection of equipment condition monitoring and fault detection was researched, and thevirtual reality-based condition monitoring and analysis of HGS was proposed. Then, themethods of HGS equipment condition monitoring and fault detection, virtual realitytechnology, and artificial intelligence technology used in the condition monitoring and faultdetection and analysis of HGS were developed. The condition monitoring and faultdetection requirements of HGS was defined clearly, at the same time, the applicationprospect of virtual reality technology in condition monitoring and fault detection for HGSwas clarified. Finally, the main research work and its significance were stated.
The impact of virtual reality on condition monitoring for HGS equipment wascomprehensive analyzed. The facing problems and deficiencies of the field of expressionand analysis aids condition monitoring, fault monitoring and diagnosis maintenance for thecurrent HGS equipment. From the manifesting means, human-computer interaction,information organization and knowledge mining and analysis tools, the importance of the virtual reality to the equipment condition monitoring and fault analysis system wasanalyzed. And the virtual reality systems framework of condition monitoring and faultdetection for HGS was expounded. At the same time, the modeling basis, the visualsimulation and equipment information expression of the VR-based monitoring and faultdetection for HGS was researched; while the condition monitoring and analysis, equipmenthealth status expression and equipment fault detection were made a detailed introductionabout the VR expression of HGS. On the basis of equipment3D engineering visualization,digital description was achieved through data transformation; visual representation of HGSwas realized by making use of mapping and perception simulation technology.With the helpof environment rendering in the virtual environment, virtual reality representation of HGSwas showed in front of the user.
Condition monitoring is the basis of achieving condition based maintenance for HGSequipment. Firstly, an introduction has been given on the development of conditionmonitoring system for HGS; then, equipment monitoring and analysis methods of VR forHGS equipment monitoring were elaborated. Under the integrated monitoring platform ofHydropower station Optimal Maintenance Information System (HOMIS) for Gezhoubahydropower station, combined with the engineering3D model, condition monitoringdisplay and analytical tools, the HGS and its various subsystems and equipment operatingstatus were monitored in a virtual environment, including real-time and historical conditionmonitoring and analysis, and the "intuitive" status display, monitoring analysis and statusalarm of HGS equipment were realized. Finally, the significance and functional frameworkof the virtual remote inspection of the HGS equipment was proposed, and the operatinginspection, expert examination, and supporting analysis of HGS equipment can be executedin the VR environment.
The basic method of HGS equipment fault detection technology was analyzed, and themethod using equipment performance indicators to detect the fault and explore the expertexperience and knowledge was developed to carry out fault detection and implementationprocess. Combined with the technology of graphic presentation, engineering3D visualmodel and virtual reality perception expression, the performance indicators virtualexpression of HGS equipment was achieved. Under the3D virtual environment, the testingenvironment was provided for the experts. By making use of this environment, the intuitive,appropriate information and knowledge was offered during the fault detection anddiagnostic procedures of HGS equipment. With the help of virtual testing environment, thefailure symptom display and graphics, images, audio, and other human sensing modality (such as visual, auditory and tactile) were integrated to express the fault detectionknowledge and help maintenance personnel for fault detection.
For the status and operation characteristics of abstract information expression andproviding little or no intuitive analysis and fault detection assistant for the HGSmaintenance system, and taking the HGS in Gezhouba hydropower station as the specificobject, the VR-based condition monitoring and fault detection and analysis system of HGSwas constructed on the basis of HOMIS platform. The system framework and function wasdesigned, and the VR-based condition monitoring, abnormal status alarming and equipmentremote inspection were researched in detail. As well as the application examples of expertinspection and assisted analysis was provided. Then, the VR-based fault detection andanalysis method was elaborated and this virtual fault detection is applied to the expressionof performance indicators, performance testing, fault detection process assistance andexpert fault detection knowledge representation.
首先分析了水电机组状态监测与故障诊断技术发展概况和机组设备状态监测及故障检测分析的发展方向。接着，对水电设备状态监测与故障检测方法、机组状态监测与故障检测分析中使用的人工智能技术及虚拟现实技术等进行了探讨，明确了水电机组对状态监测及故障检测的要求，阐明了虚拟现实技术在水电机组状态监测与故障检测的应用前景。最后，确定了本文的主要研究工作及其意义。
综合分析了机组设备虚拟现实化方法对机组设备状态检修的影响，针对当前机组设备在状态监测、故障检测分析与诊断维护领域的表达和分析辅助所面临的问题和不足，从系统表现手段、系统人机交互、信息组织与知识挖掘以及分析手段等方面探讨了虚拟现实化对设备状态监测与故障分析系统的重要性；构建了机组状态监测与故障检测虚拟现实系统框架，详细研究了机组状态监测与故障检测虚拟现实系统实现的建模基础、可视化仿真及设备信息表达方法；从机组状态监测与分析、设备健康状况表达和设备故障检测三方面提出机组虚拟现实化表达的研究方法；最后，在机组设备3D工程可视化基础上，经过数据变换实现数字化描述，利用映射与感知模拟技术，完成设备可视化展现，在虚拟环境下借助环境渲染实现设备信息与知识的虚拟现实表达。
机组状态监测是机组设备实现状态检修的基础。对水电机组状态监测系统的现状进行了探讨，详细研究了机组设备监测分析虚拟现实化的监测手段和监测分析方法；在葛洲坝电站最优维护系统(HOMIS)集成监测平台下，结合机组设备工程3D模型和监测展示、设备分析手段，研究、解决了基于虚拟现实的状态监测与分析的关键技术，包括实时和历史状态的监测及分析，实现了机组设备的状态“直观”显示、监测分析和状态报警；在明确机组设备虚拟远程巡检意义的基础上，对其进行了功能框架设计，在虚拟环境中开展机组设备运行巡检、专家检查和辅助分析。
论述了当前机组设备故障检测技术的基本方法，研究了利用设备性能指标进行故障检测与专家经验知识发掘、开展故障检测的方法及实施的流程；利用性能指标图表表达、设备工程3D可视化模型及虚拟现实感知表达技术，实现了设备性能指标的虚拟表达，提供虚拟检测环境，在机组故障检测、诊断过程中给予直观、适当的信息和知识帮助；在虚拟现实环境下，开展了设备故障征兆显示与图形、图像、音频等多种人体感知方式(如视觉、听觉和触觉等)相结合的故障检测知识表达研究，帮助维护人员进行故障检测。
针对水电机组维护系统信息表达抽象及难以提供直观的分析与故障检测辅助的现状及运行特点，以葛洲坝电站水电机组为具体的研究对象，在HOMIS平台基础上，构建了基于虚拟现实技术的水电机组状态监测与故障检测分析系统，并对系统框架和功能进行了设计，研究了基于虚拟现实的状态监测在葛洲坝水电机组状态监测显示、异常状况报警、设备远程巡检，以及专家检查和辅助分析方法，并展现了应用效果；对基于虚拟现实的故障检测分析进行了研究，将虚拟故障检测应用于设备性能指标表达及故障性能检测表达、故障检测流程辅助和专家故障检测知识表达。
As the most important assets of the hydropower station, the reliable and stable operationof large-scale Hydro-turbine Generator Sets (HGS) has close relationship with powersystem safe operation, power station and the people's lives and property. The conditionmonitoring and analysis of HGS equipment, which involved the monitoring of HGSoperation status monitoring and analysis, device abnormal detection and fault diagnosisanalysis and decision of HGS equipment, is related directly to the safety and economicoperation of the hydropower station. The condition monitoring and analysis of HGSequipment is a technical and difficult maintenance work, which needs constantly introduceadvanced technology and methods and means.
Virtual reality technology is an advanced human-computer interaction interfacetechnology, been widely applied in the information display with virtual environments, statevisual simulation expression, operation guide of analysis and so on. The idea of VirtualReality (VR) applying to condition monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis of HGSwas proposed in this paper. Combined with the Gezhouba hydropower station of ChinaYangtze Power Co., Ltd., the condition monitoring and fault maintenance of HGS has beenput into industrial practice, and the outcomes applied successfully to22HGS of Gezhoubahydropower station.
Firstly, the research background was analyzed, and the technique development ofcondition monitoring and fault diagnosis for HGS was reviewed. The developmentdirection of equipment condition monitoring and fault detection was researched, and thevirtual reality-based condition monitoring and analysis of HGS was proposed. Then, themethods of HGS equipment condition monitoring and fault detection, virtual realitytechnology, and artificial intelligence technology used in the condition monitoring and faultdetection and analysis of HGS were developed. The condition monitoring and faultdetection requirements of HGS was defined clearly, at the same time, the applicationprospect of virtual reality technology in condition monitoring and fault detection for HGSwas clarified. Finally, the main research work and its significance were stated.
The impact of virtual reality on condition monitoring for HGS equipment wascomprehensive analyzed. The facing problems and deficiencies of the field of expressionand analysis aids condition monitoring, fault monitoring and diagnosis maintenance for thecurrent HGS equipment. From the manifesting means, human-computer interaction,information organization and knowledge mining and analysis tools, the importance of the virtual reality to the equipment condition monitoring and fault analysis system wasanalyzed. And the virtual reality systems framework of condition monitoring and faultdetection for HGS was expounded. At the same time, the modeling basis, the visualsimulation and equipment information expression of the VR-based monitoring and faultdetection for HGS was researched; while the condition monitoring and analysis, equipmenthealth status expression and equipment fault detection were made a detailed introductionabout the VR expression of HGS. On the basis of equipment3D engineering visualization,digital description was achieved through data transformation; visual representation of HGSwas realized by making use of mapping and perception simulation technology.With the helpof environment rendering in the virtual environment, virtual reality representation of HGSwas showed in front of the user.
Condition monitoring is the basis of achieving condition based maintenance for HGSequipment. Firstly, an introduction has been given on the development of conditionmonitoring system for HGS; then, equipment monitoring and analysis methods of VR forHGS equipment monitoring were elaborated. Under the integrated monitoring platform ofHydropower station Optimal Maintenance Information System (HOMIS) for Gezhoubahydropower station, combined with the engineering3D model, condition monitoringdisplay and analytical tools, the HGS and its various subsystems and equipment operatingstatus were monitored in a virtual environment, including real-time and historical conditionmonitoring and analysis, and the "intuitive" status display, monitoring analysis and statusalarm of HGS equipment were realized. Finally, the significance and functional frameworkof the virtual remote inspection of the HGS equipment was proposed, and the operatinginspection, expert examination, and supporting analysis of HGS equipment can be executedin the VR environment.
The basic method of HGS equipment fault detection technology was analyzed, and themethod using equipment performance indicators to detect the fault and explore the expertexperience and knowledge was developed to carry out fault detection and implementationprocess. Combined with the technology of graphic presentation, engineering3D visualmodel and virtual reality perception expression, the performance indicators virtualexpression of HGS equipment was achieved. Under the3D virtual environment, the testingenvironment was provided for the experts. By making use of this environment, the intuitive,appropriate information and knowledge was offered during the fault detection anddiagnostic procedures of HGS equipment. With the help of virtual testing environment, thefailure symptom display and graphics, images, audio, and other human sensing modality (such as visual, auditory and tactile) were integrated to express the fault detectionknowledge and help maintenance personnel for fault detection.
For the status and operation characteristics of abstract information expression andproviding little or no intuitive analysis and fault detection assistant for the HGSmaintenance system, and taking the HGS in Gezhouba hydropower station as the specificobject, the VR-based condition monitoring and fault detection and analysis system of HGSwas constructed on the basis of HOMIS platform. The system framework and function wasdesigned, and the VR-based condition monitoring, abnormal status alarming and equipmentremote inspection were researched in detail. As well as the application examples of expertinspection and assisted analysis was provided. Then, the VR-based fault detection andanalysis method was elaborated and this virtual fault detection is applied to the expressionof performance indicators, performance testing, fault detection process assistance andexpert fault detection knowledge representation.
引文
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