竖向预应力作用下箱梁腹板的受力机理研究
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摘要
本文回顾了预应力混凝土（Prestressed Concrete，PC）箱梁桥腹板开裂的工程现状，归纳分析了腹板裂缝特征及产生原因；介绍了当前该领域研究进展，并指出现有研究工作的不足；重点从分析PC箱梁在竖向预应力作用下腹板复杂受力特点，竖向预应力对箱梁抗剪性能的影响，基于现场测试分析竖向预应力损失并提出针对性的克服预应力损失的措施，混凝土收缩徐变效应对箱梁腹板应力重分布影响等几个方面开展研究。具体完成了以下五个方面的工作：
（1）分析竖向预应力作用下箱梁腹板的应力状态，确定竖向预应力对腹板主拉应力和剪切应力的影响机理，寻找确定竖向预应力取值的依据；分析竖向预应力作用下箱梁腹板的应力扩散效应，计算合理的应力扩散角和竖向预应力筋间距；对于竖向预应力筋的横向设置原则，采取考虑箱梁横向框架效应的方法，计算预应力筋的横向偏置距离；分别对箱梁竖向预应力、腹板下弯束的预应力效应敏感性进行研究分析，确定预应力效应对箱梁腹板应力状态的影响。
（2）对PC箱梁腹板开裂进行非线性分析，在有限元模型中反映混凝土和钢筋材料的非线性特性，模拟混凝土开裂后的应力应变矩阵和受力特征，对箱梁腹板开裂进行非线性有限元求解计算，并结合算例对结构从受力到破坏进行全过程非线性数值分析。
（3）分析PC箱梁抗剪性能影响因素，对配置竖向预应力筋PC箱梁的抗剪性能开展研究，分析不同程度有效竖向预应力对PC箱梁破坏形态、裂缝特征及预应力筋、箍筋和普通纵向钢筋应力（应变）的影响。
（4）依托背景桥，现场测试PC箱梁腹板竖向预应力损失，对竖向预应力损失从锚固时瞬时损失、锚固后长期损失及其它因素引起的损失等几个方面进行详细研究，并对锚固后长期损失进行回归分析，建立竖向预应力长期损失率预测公式，提出竖向预应力二次张拉补偿系数，推导的计算公式。
（5）通过对PC箱梁桥施工过程及成桥后较长时间内结构应力（应变）及挠度的系统观测，分析处于自然环境中的PC箱梁桥在混凝土收缩徐变作用下的确切反应，将实测数据与常用的混凝土收缩徐变模型计算值进行对比分析，对箱梁桥在长期荷载及混凝土收缩徐变效应影响下腹板应力重分布特点进行分析研究。
In this paper，the current web cracking situation of Prestressed Concrete (PC) box-girderbridge is reviewed, the characteristics and the causes of web cracks are analyzed, the researchprogress of the field is described, and the deficiency of present research is pointed out.Emphasis is put on analyzing complex mechanical characteristics of PC box girder webs anddiscussing the influence of box girder shear capacity under vertical prestress. Based on testingand analyzing vertical prestress loss, putting forward specific measures to overcome theprestress loss, studying redistribution of web stress under concrete shrinkage and creep effect,works are completed detailedly as following5aspects:
(1) The web stress state under vertical prestress is analyzed, the influence mechanism ofweb tensile stress and shear stress under vertical prestress is confirmed, and the method ofdetermining vertical prestress value is sought. The diffusion effect of web stress under verticalprestress is analyzed, the stress diffusion angle and vertical prestressed reinforcement spacingare reasonably calculated. As for the principle of setting vertical prestressed reinforcementhorizontally, method that considering transverse framework effect is taken to calculatetransverse offset distance of vertical prestressed reinforcement. Analyzing the sensitivity ofvertical prestress and bending prestressed tendon of web respectively, the influence ofprestressed effect on web stress state is determined.
(2) By analyzing PC box girder web cracks with nonlinear method, describing nonlinearcharacteristics of concrete and steel in finite element model, simulating mechanicalcharacteristics and stress-strain matrix after concrete cracking, nonlinear finite elementsolution computation of PC box-girder web cracking is carried on, and combined withnumerical example, the whole process from stressing to destruction is simulated nonlinearlywith numerical analysis method.
(3) The influence factors of PC box girder shear performance are analyzed, shearperformance of PC box-gider with vertical prestresed reinforcement is studyed, comparativeanalysis of vertical prestress differences is done when calculating box-girder shear capacitywith old and new standard respectively, and the influence of different degree vertical prestresson PC box-girder failure pattern and the stress (strain) of tendons, stirrup, longitudinal reinforcement is analyzed.
(4) According to the object bridge, testing of vertical prestress loss of PC box girder webis carried out, vertical prestress loss is studied detailedly from such aspects as instant prestressloss when anchoring, time-dependent prestress loss after anchoring and prestress loss causedby other factors, and a regression analysis of time-dependent prestress loss after anchoring isdone, prediction equations are established, according to the characteristics and constructiontechnology of vertical prestressed reinforcements, the specific measures to overcome prestressloss are put forward.
(5) By the systematic observation of bridge construction process and structural stress(strain), deflection after the bridge is completed a long time, exact reaction of PC box-girderbridge in natural environment is analyzed under the action of concrete shrinkage and creep,the real data and the calculated value of commonly used concrete shrinkage and creep modelare compared and analyzed, the web stress redistribution of box-girder bridge is analyzedunder the influence of long-term load, concrete shrinkage and creep effect.
（1）分析竖向预应力作用下箱梁腹板的应力状态，确定竖向预应力对腹板主拉应力和剪切应力的影响机理，寻找确定竖向预应力取值的依据；分析竖向预应力作用下箱梁腹板的应力扩散效应，计算合理的应力扩散角和竖向预应力筋间距；对于竖向预应力筋的横向设置原则，采取考虑箱梁横向框架效应的方法，计算预应力筋的横向偏置距离；分别对箱梁竖向预应力、腹板下弯束的预应力效应敏感性进行研究分析，确定预应力效应对箱梁腹板应力状态的影响。
（2）对PC箱梁腹板开裂进行非线性分析，在有限元模型中反映混凝土和钢筋材料的非线性特性，模拟混凝土开裂后的应力应变矩阵和受力特征，对箱梁腹板开裂进行非线性有限元求解计算，并结合算例对结构从受力到破坏进行全过程非线性数值分析。
（3）分析PC箱梁抗剪性能影响因素，对配置竖向预应力筋PC箱梁的抗剪性能开展研究，分析不同程度有效竖向预应力对PC箱梁破坏形态、裂缝特征及预应力筋、箍筋和普通纵向钢筋应力（应变）的影响。
（4）依托背景桥，现场测试PC箱梁腹板竖向预应力损失，对竖向预应力损失从锚固时瞬时损失、锚固后长期损失及其它因素引起的损失等几个方面进行详细研究，并对锚固后长期损失进行回归分析，建立竖向预应力长期损失率预测公式，提出竖向预应力二次张拉补偿系数，推导的计算公式。
（5）通过对PC箱梁桥施工过程及成桥后较长时间内结构应力（应变）及挠度的系统观测，分析处于自然环境中的PC箱梁桥在混凝土收缩徐变作用下的确切反应，将实测数据与常用的混凝土收缩徐变模型计算值进行对比分析，对箱梁桥在长期荷载及混凝土收缩徐变效应影响下腹板应力重分布特点进行分析研究。
In this paper，the current web cracking situation of Prestressed Concrete (PC) box-girderbridge is reviewed, the characteristics and the causes of web cracks are analyzed, the researchprogress of the field is described, and the deficiency of present research is pointed out.Emphasis is put on analyzing complex mechanical characteristics of PC box girder webs anddiscussing the influence of box girder shear capacity under vertical prestress. Based on testingand analyzing vertical prestress loss, putting forward specific measures to overcome theprestress loss, studying redistribution of web stress under concrete shrinkage and creep effect,works are completed detailedly as following5aspects:
(1) The web stress state under vertical prestress is analyzed, the influence mechanism ofweb tensile stress and shear stress under vertical prestress is confirmed, and the method ofdetermining vertical prestress value is sought. The diffusion effect of web stress under verticalprestress is analyzed, the stress diffusion angle and vertical prestressed reinforcement spacingare reasonably calculated. As for the principle of setting vertical prestressed reinforcementhorizontally, method that considering transverse framework effect is taken to calculatetransverse offset distance of vertical prestressed reinforcement. Analyzing the sensitivity ofvertical prestress and bending prestressed tendon of web respectively, the influence ofprestressed effect on web stress state is determined.
(2) By analyzing PC box girder web cracks with nonlinear method, describing nonlinearcharacteristics of concrete and steel in finite element model, simulating mechanicalcharacteristics and stress-strain matrix after concrete cracking, nonlinear finite elementsolution computation of PC box-girder web cracking is carried on, and combined withnumerical example, the whole process from stressing to destruction is simulated nonlinearlywith numerical analysis method.
(3) The influence factors of PC box girder shear performance are analyzed, shearperformance of PC box-gider with vertical prestresed reinforcement is studyed, comparativeanalysis of vertical prestress differences is done when calculating box-girder shear capacitywith old and new standard respectively, and the influence of different degree vertical prestresson PC box-girder failure pattern and the stress (strain) of tendons, stirrup, longitudinal reinforcement is analyzed.
(4) According to the object bridge, testing of vertical prestress loss of PC box girder webis carried out, vertical prestress loss is studied detailedly from such aspects as instant prestressloss when anchoring, time-dependent prestress loss after anchoring and prestress loss causedby other factors, and a regression analysis of time-dependent prestress loss after anchoring isdone, prediction equations are established, according to the characteristics and constructiontechnology of vertical prestressed reinforcements, the specific measures to overcome prestressloss are put forward.
(5) By the systematic observation of bridge construction process and structural stress(strain), deflection after the bridge is completed a long time, exact reaction of PC box-girderbridge in natural environment is analyzed under the action of concrete shrinkage and creep,the real data and the calculated value of commonly used concrete shrinkage and creep modelare compared and analyzed, the web stress redistribution of box-girder bridge is analyzedunder the influence of long-term load, concrete shrinkage and creep effect.
引文
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