公路客运枢纽运输需求与绩效研究
|
摘要
公路客运枢纽是公路运输枢纽的主要组成子系统，是城市(镇)公路客运站场体系。规划、建设与运营好公路客运枢纽，对于促进城乡社会经济和公路运输发展，改善城市交通，提高交通安全与运输服务水平，具有不可替代的重要作用。
从总体上看，我国公路客运枢纽建设取得了巨大的成就，但也存在着不少问题。着眼于推进这些问题的解决，本文选取公路客运枢纽运输需求、公路客运枢纽划分、公路客运枢纽绩效测量进行研究。论文的主要内容总结如下：
（1）公路客运枢纽概念拓展与特性研究
根据公路客运枢纽与城市(镇)共生性特点，拓展了公路客运枢纽概念，指出了这样定义的价值与意义；阐明了公路客运枢纽与城市(镇)的关系，揭示公路客运枢纽具有的分层集散特性。
（2）公路客运枢纽运输需求分析方法与建模研究
公路客运枢纽运输需求，是公路客运枢纽规划、布局与运营组织的依据。本文对现行的公路客运枢纽需求分析方法即“三步”法进行了研究，发现并指出了它的局限性。从空间相互作用的视角出发，建立了公路客运枢纽运输需求引力模型。基于区域间存在特殊区域关系对客流量的影响，提出了改进的公路客运枢纽需求建模方法。阐明了基于引力模型的公路客运枢纽运输需求分析方法。对蒲城与西安两地进行的公路客运枢纽需求实证建模表明：枢纽载体区域与对偶区域之间的客流量与区域间的经济社会活动量因素正相关，而与区域间的交通阻碍因素负相关；改进的模型与方法反映了特殊区域关系对客流量的影响，显著提高了模型精度。
（3）公路客运枢纽划分方法与实证研究
运输枢纽划分，是对运输枢纽进行分门别类研究、管理的基础性工作。本文简要总结回顾了公路运输枢纽划分的研究与实践；针对区域性公路客运枢纽布局规划的需要，提出了基于重要性的公路客运枢纽定量划分方法，应用该方法对陕西省10个市级公路客运枢纽进行了重要性排序与分组，所得结果符合人们的主观判断，并具有较好的解释性。
（4）公路客运枢纽绩效测量理论与系统构建研究
将绩效测量引入我国公路客运枢纽的规划建设与运营工作中，会提高我国公路客运枢纽投资的效率与效果，有效地引导公路客运枢纽规划建设与运营朝着社会效益、经济效益相统一的方向前进。
论文全面地分析了公路客运枢纽生命周期过程中的绩效产出及利益相关方对其的贡献与期待，研究了公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标建立的理论与方法，提出了由9个绩效测量领域、共78个指标组成的公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标体系。
应用AHP原理，提出了基于4层递阶模型的、递层计算相对权重、合成计算各层指标权重的公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标权重确定方法。权重确定的实证过程与结果表明，基于AHP的权重确定方法能够有效地解决大规模绩效测量指标权重的合理确定问题。
论文最后对全文进行了总结，并对有待于进一步进行研究的问题进行了展望。
Highway passenger transportation hub is a major component subsystem of the highwaytransportation hub and referring to the city (town) highway passenger transportation terminalsystem. Planning, constructing and operating well highway passenger transportation hub playsan irreplaceable role in promoting of development of society and economics in both urban andrural areas and highway transportation, and improving urban traffic, traffic safety and level.ofsevice of transportation.
Overall, China's highway passenger transportation hub construction has made greatachievements, meanwhile, there’re still someproblems. Focus on the promotion of resolutionto these issues, this dissertation selects the transportation demand analysis，grading andgrouping, and the performance measurement of highway passenger transportation hub intoresearch. The main contents of the paper are summarized as follows:
(1) Concept development and characteristics analysis of the highway passengertransportation hub
According to the symbiotic characteristics of the highway passenger transportation huband its city (town), the dissertation expands the concept of highway passenger transportationhub, points out the value and significance of this definition, clarifies the relationship betweenhighway passenger transportation hub and the city (town), and reveals a certain hierarchicaldistribution characteristics of the highway passenger transportation hub.
(2) Analysis approach and modeling on transportation demands of the highwaypassenger transportation hub
The demand of the highway passenger transportation hub is the basis of highwaypassenger transportation hub’s planning, layout, operation and organization.current demandanalysis method of the highway passenger transportation hub, namely,"three-step" method, isresearched and the limitations of its existence are pointed out. From the perspective of spatialinteractions, a transportation demand gravity model of the highway passenger transportationhub was established. Based on the impacts of the interregional special regional relationshipson passenger volume, the dissertation puts forward the modified demand modeling method ofthe highway passenger transportation hub. And then,the analysis approach to transportationdemand baed on gravity model was put further. Demand empirical modeling conducted in thePucheng and Xi'an highway passenger transportation hubs show that: passenger volumebetween Carrier area and dual area are positively correlated to regional economic and socialactivity level factors and negatively correlated to regional traffic block factors；The modifiedmodel and method reflect the influence of special regional relationships on passenger volumeand the accuracy is significantly improved.
(3) Study on methed and empirical analysis of the grading and grouping of the transportation hub
The grading and grouping of transportation hub is a basic work of research andmanagement according to hubs’ features. The dissertation summarizes methods, thought,principles, function and meaning of the transportation hubs’ grading and grouping; brieflyreviews the research and practice of the highway transportation hubs’ grading and grouping;aims at the layout planning demand of regional highway passenger transportation hub, putsforward quantitative grading and grouping method based on the importance of the highwaypassenger transportation hub.We have graded and grouped municipal highway passengertransportation hubs in Shaanxi Province with the application of this method.The result isconsistent with people’s subjective judgment and has reasonable explanations.The caseshows this method of grading and grouping has practical application value.
(4) Research on theory and system constructing of performance measurement of highwaypassenger transport hub
Introduction performance measurement into the planning, construction and operation ofChina’s highway passenger transportation hubs will enhance the investment efficiency andeffect of China’s highway passenger transportation hubs, effectively lead planning,construction and operation of highway passenger transportation hub to equilibrium of socialbenefits and economic benefits as well.
The dissertation comprehensively analyzes the performance generation in the life cycleof the highway passenger transportation hub and stakeholders’ contribution and expectation ofit, and researches the theory and method of setting up performance measurement indicators ofhighway passenger transportation hubs， and establishes the performance measurementindicator system of highway passenger transportation hubs, which is made up of nineperformance measurement fields and seventy-eight performance measurement indicators.
Adopting AHP, the dissertation proposes the performance measurement indicatorweight determination method of the highway passenger transportation hub. The methodcalculates the relative weight hierarchically and obtains the indicator weight of each layersynthetically, based on four-layer hierarchical model. The empirical process and results ofweight determination show that the weight determination method based on AHP caneffectively solve the reasonable determination problems of large-scale performancemeasurement indicators’ weights.
Last, the dissertation summarizes the full text, and outlooks the problems which need tobe further researched.
从总体上看，我国公路客运枢纽建设取得了巨大的成就，但也存在着不少问题。着眼于推进这些问题的解决，本文选取公路客运枢纽运输需求、公路客运枢纽划分、公路客运枢纽绩效测量进行研究。论文的主要内容总结如下：
（1）公路客运枢纽概念拓展与特性研究
根据公路客运枢纽与城市(镇)共生性特点，拓展了公路客运枢纽概念，指出了这样定义的价值与意义；阐明了公路客运枢纽与城市(镇)的关系，揭示公路客运枢纽具有的分层集散特性。
（2）公路客运枢纽运输需求分析方法与建模研究
公路客运枢纽运输需求，是公路客运枢纽规划、布局与运营组织的依据。本文对现行的公路客运枢纽需求分析方法即“三步”法进行了研究，发现并指出了它的局限性。从空间相互作用的视角出发，建立了公路客运枢纽运输需求引力模型。基于区域间存在特殊区域关系对客流量的影响，提出了改进的公路客运枢纽需求建模方法。阐明了基于引力模型的公路客运枢纽运输需求分析方法。对蒲城与西安两地进行的公路客运枢纽需求实证建模表明：枢纽载体区域与对偶区域之间的客流量与区域间的经济社会活动量因素正相关，而与区域间的交通阻碍因素负相关；改进的模型与方法反映了特殊区域关系对客流量的影响，显著提高了模型精度。
（3）公路客运枢纽划分方法与实证研究
运输枢纽划分，是对运输枢纽进行分门别类研究、管理的基础性工作。本文简要总结回顾了公路运输枢纽划分的研究与实践；针对区域性公路客运枢纽布局规划的需要，提出了基于重要性的公路客运枢纽定量划分方法，应用该方法对陕西省10个市级公路客运枢纽进行了重要性排序与分组，所得结果符合人们的主观判断，并具有较好的解释性。
（4）公路客运枢纽绩效测量理论与系统构建研究
将绩效测量引入我国公路客运枢纽的规划建设与运营工作中，会提高我国公路客运枢纽投资的效率与效果，有效地引导公路客运枢纽规划建设与运营朝着社会效益、经济效益相统一的方向前进。
论文全面地分析了公路客运枢纽生命周期过程中的绩效产出及利益相关方对其的贡献与期待，研究了公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标建立的理论与方法，提出了由9个绩效测量领域、共78个指标组成的公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标体系。
应用AHP原理，提出了基于4层递阶模型的、递层计算相对权重、合成计算各层指标权重的公路客运枢纽绩效测量指标权重确定方法。权重确定的实证过程与结果表明，基于AHP的权重确定方法能够有效地解决大规模绩效测量指标权重的合理确定问题。
论文最后对全文进行了总结，并对有待于进一步进行研究的问题进行了展望。
Highway passenger transportation hub is a major component subsystem of the highwaytransportation hub and referring to the city (town) highway passenger transportation terminalsystem. Planning, constructing and operating well highway passenger transportation hub playsan irreplaceable role in promoting of development of society and economics in both urban andrural areas and highway transportation, and improving urban traffic, traffic safety and level.ofsevice of transportation.
Overall, China's highway passenger transportation hub construction has made greatachievements, meanwhile, there’re still someproblems. Focus on the promotion of resolutionto these issues, this dissertation selects the transportation demand analysis，grading andgrouping, and the performance measurement of highway passenger transportation hub intoresearch. The main contents of the paper are summarized as follows:
(1) Concept development and characteristics analysis of the highway passengertransportation hub
According to the symbiotic characteristics of the highway passenger transportation huband its city (town), the dissertation expands the concept of highway passenger transportationhub, points out the value and significance of this definition, clarifies the relationship betweenhighway passenger transportation hub and the city (town), and reveals a certain hierarchicaldistribution characteristics of the highway passenger transportation hub.
(2) Analysis approach and modeling on transportation demands of the highwaypassenger transportation hub
The demand of the highway passenger transportation hub is the basis of highwaypassenger transportation hub’s planning, layout, operation and organization.current demandanalysis method of the highway passenger transportation hub, namely,"three-step" method, isresearched and the limitations of its existence are pointed out. From the perspective of spatialinteractions, a transportation demand gravity model of the highway passenger transportationhub was established. Based on the impacts of the interregional special regional relationshipson passenger volume, the dissertation puts forward the modified demand modeling method ofthe highway passenger transportation hub. And then,the analysis approach to transportationdemand baed on gravity model was put further. Demand empirical modeling conducted in thePucheng and Xi'an highway passenger transportation hubs show that: passenger volumebetween Carrier area and dual area are positively correlated to regional economic and socialactivity level factors and negatively correlated to regional traffic block factors；The modifiedmodel and method reflect the influence of special regional relationships on passenger volumeand the accuracy is significantly improved.
(3) Study on methed and empirical analysis of the grading and grouping of the transportation hub
The grading and grouping of transportation hub is a basic work of research andmanagement according to hubs’ features. The dissertation summarizes methods, thought,principles, function and meaning of the transportation hubs’ grading and grouping; brieflyreviews the research and practice of the highway transportation hubs’ grading and grouping;aims at the layout planning demand of regional highway passenger transportation hub, putsforward quantitative grading and grouping method based on the importance of the highwaypassenger transportation hub.We have graded and grouped municipal highway passengertransportation hubs in Shaanxi Province with the application of this method.The result isconsistent with people’s subjective judgment and has reasonable explanations.The caseshows this method of grading and grouping has practical application value.
(4) Research on theory and system constructing of performance measurement of highwaypassenger transport hub
Introduction performance measurement into the planning, construction and operation ofChina’s highway passenger transportation hubs will enhance the investment efficiency andeffect of China’s highway passenger transportation hubs, effectively lead planning,construction and operation of highway passenger transportation hub to equilibrium of socialbenefits and economic benefits as well.
The dissertation comprehensively analyzes the performance generation in the life cycleof the highway passenger transportation hub and stakeholders’ contribution and expectation ofit, and researches the theory and method of setting up performance measurement indicators ofhighway passenger transportation hubs， and establishes the performance measurementindicator system of highway passenger transportation hubs, which is made up of nineperformance measurement fields and seventy-eight performance measurement indicators.
Adopting AHP, the dissertation proposes the performance measurement indicatorweight determination method of the highway passenger transportation hub. The methodcalculates the relative weight hierarchically and obtains the indicator weight of each layersynthetically, based on four-layer hierarchical model. The empirical process and results ofweight determination show that the weight determination method based on AHP caneffectively solve the reasonable determination problems of large-scale performancemeasurement indicators’ weights.
Last, the dissertation summarizes the full text, and outlooks the problems which need tobe further researched.
引文
[1]交通运输部道路运输司编.起步之举发展之路:新时期道路运输业发展大调研成果汇编[M].北京市:人民交通出版社,2010.01:169
[2]聂育仁.发达国家公路运输枢纽发展的经验与启示[J].城市车辆,2009.04
[3]肯尼斯·巴顿.运输经济学[M].北京:商务出版社,2003
[4]陈贻龙,邵振一.运输经济学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998
[5] Gauton R.Theoretical Explorations in Economic Growth and Transportation[D]. Boston: BostonUniversity,1997
[6]孙启鹏,吴群琪,张圣忠等.运输需求的本质及特征分析[J].综合运输,2007.08
[7]荣朝和编著.西方运输经济学[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008:4
[8]徐剑华编著.运输经济学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009.08:85
[9]聂华林,赵超编著.区域空间结构概论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008.04:4
[10]吴群琪,陈文强,张圣忠.运输需求本质及其特征研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2009,(04)
[11] Meyer, Michael D., Miller, Eric J.. Ubban Transportation Planing[M]. Mcgraw-Hill College,2005:247-254
[12] Edward Weiner. Urban Transportation Planning in The US-A Historical Overview/Nov1992[R].Washington, D.C.20590: U.S. Department of Transportation,1992
[13]陆化普，石京编著.交通规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2006:30
[14] Ruiter E.R., Ben-Akiva M.E. Disaggregate Travel Demand Models for The San Francisco BayArea[J].Transportation Research Record,1978,673:121-128.
[15]唐建桥,李新民,王慈光.论运输需求预测的有效性[J].铁道运输与经济,2008,30(6)
[16]张亮,王伟.一种顾及多因素影响的公路客运量预测模型[J].城市道路与防洪,2006,(05)
[17]王生昌,白韶波,张慧.公路客运量预测方法的比较[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(05)
[18]刘志杰.基于BP神经网络客运量的分析及预测[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(06)
[19]鲍德风,路永华.内蒙古自治区客运量预测模型[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(04)
[20]单飞，高玉翠，任俊学.区域间公路客运量分布调查及推算方法研究[J].公路与汽运，2011，(04)
[21]刘晓辉.汽车客运站客流特征及客运量预测研究[J].山东交通学院学院学报,2008,(03)
[22]张文尝，金凤君，荣朝和，等.空间运输联系理论研究、实证分析、预测方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1992：1
[23]刘承良著.武汉都市圈空间发展机理与调控战略[M].北京市:科学出版社,2009.09:10
[24]胡大伟编著.公路运输枢纽规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008:44
[25]王元庆,周伟著.停车设施规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[26]贾强,晏克非,张宝玉等.基于节点重要度与交通区位公路运输枢纽布局研究[J].山东交通科技,2008,(04)
[27]胡列格,程立勤.基于节点重要度交通区位布局法的城市群公路网布局研究[J].铁道科学与工程报,2008.02,5(1)
[28]宋新生,王啸啸,李爱增等.城市群区域公路网节点重要度评估方法研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2011.04,11(02)
[29]周伟,姚志刚,王元庆,等.基于节点重要度的公路运输站场建设序列[J].长安大学学报（自然科学报）,2006,(02)
[30]姚志刚,周伟,王元庆.基于因子分析与Kohonen网络的公路运输枢纽分类方法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)，2009.08,3(04)
[31] Neely,The Performance Measurement Revolution: Why Now and What Next? International Journal ofOperations and Production Management19(2)(1999)205–228.
[32] Paul Folan， Jim Browne. A Review of Performance Measurement: Towards PerformanceManagement. Computers in Industry56(2005)663–680
[33] S.S. Nudurupati, U.S.Bititci, V.Kumar, F.T.S.Chan. State of the Art Literature Review on PerformanceMeasurement. Computers&Industrial Engineering.60(2011)279–290
[34] Jorge Gonzalez.Airport Performance Measurement：A Strategy For Management Information andImprovementA Strategy For Management Information and Improvement. ACI Annual Conference.Boston, Sept21-24,2008
[35]陈大伟,张鸽,李旭宏等.城市对外客运枢纽综合评价研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,(01)
[36]陈秀锋,王俊波,马淋淋.公路主枢纽布局方案评价方法研究[J].青岛理工大学学报,2006,(01)
[37]师桂兰.城市客运枢纽综合评价方法研究[D].南京：东南大学.2005.06
[38]李孟楼主编.科学研究方法[M].北京市:中国农业出版社,2009:56
[39]张宪魁,李晓林,阴瑞华.物理学方法论[M].杭州市:浙江教育出版社,2007:93
[40]曹均伟,李凌编著.经济学方法论[M].北京市:高等教育出版社,2007:139
[41]周伟,姚志刚.公路运输枢纽形成机理与发展模式研究[J].中外公路,2006,26(01)
[42]王燕,杨海波.公路枢纽项目客运量预测方法初探[J].黑龙江交通科技.2003,(01)
[4.] XU Shuangying,Ma Jian,Zhang Lei. et al. Linear Regression Prediction Model of Prefecture LevelHighway Passenger Transport Volume[J]. Proceedings of2011International Conference on Electronicand Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology(EMEIT)[C].IEEE,2011:3250-3253
[44] XU Shuangying, Zhang Lei. Ma Jian. Study on Linear Regression Prediction Model of CountyHighway Passenger Transport Volume[J]. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing,2011,104:151-156
[45]徐双应,韩苗苗,高洁.公路客运站运输需求间接预测模式[A].中国交通研究与探索:第七届全国交通运输领域青年学术会议论文集[C].北京:中国民航出版社,2007
[46]袁长伟,吴群琪.对运输需求预测理论的再认识.综合运输,2005,(01)
[47]程先富主编.地理科学概论[M].合肥市:安徽人民出版社,2008
[48]董桂才著.中国农产品出口市场结构及其优化研究:基于引力模型的分析[M].北京市:经济出版社,2010
[49]杰弗里·马丁编著.所有可能的世界:地理学思想史[M].上海市:上海人民出版社,2008
[50] Rengaraju.V.R., Thamizh Arasan.V.. Modeling for Air Travel Demand[J]. Journal of TransportationEngineering,1992,118:371–380
[51] Jorge-Caldero′n, J.D..A Demand Model for Scheduled Airline Services on International EuropeanRoutes[J]. Journalof Air Transport Management3,1997:23–35
[52] Ub e,J.. Aggregation of Gravity Models for Journeysto Work[J]. Environm Entand Planning,2004,36:715–729
[53] Tacke,G., Schleusener,M.. Bargain Airline Pricing—How Should the Majors Respond?[R].Travel andTourism White Paper Series, Simon, Kucherand Partners,Bonn.,2003
[54] Lee,D.. Concentration and Pricetrendsinthe U.S Domestic Airline Industry1990–2000[J]. Journal ofAir Transport Management,2003,9:91–101
[55] Tobias Grosche, Franz Rothlauf, Armin Heinzl. Gravity Models for Airline Passenger VolumeEstimation[J]. Journal of Air Management,2007,13:173-183
[56] Hidenobu Matsumoto. Internationalair Network Structuresand Air Traffic Density of World Cities[J].Transportation Research Part E,2007,43:269–282
[57] Guoqiang Shen. Reverse-fitting the Gravity Model to Inter-city Airline Passenger Flows by AnAlgebraic Simplification[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2004.09,12(3):219–234
[58] Oliver W. Wojahn. Airline Network Structure and The Gravity Model[J]. Transportation Research PartE: Logistics and Transportation Review,2001,37(4):267–279
[59] Cherng-Chwan Hwang, Guo-Chou Shiao. Analyzing Air Cargo Flows of International Routes: AnEmpirical Study of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(4):738–744
[60] K.W. Ogden. The Distribution of Truck Trips and Commodity Flow in Urban Areas: A Gravity ModelAnalysis[J]. Transportation Research，1978，12：131－137
[61] Karst T. Geurs, Bert Van Wee. Accessibility Evaluation of Land-use And Transport Strategies: Reviewand Research Directions[J]. Journalof Transport Geography,2004,12:127–140
[62]徐双应，马建，白小丽，等.基于引力模型的县域区域区际公路客运需求分析方法[J].中国公路学报,2011,(4)
[63]刘世峰,赵洪武.引力模型的机理分析[J].数量经济技术研究,2000,(01)
[64]杨涛,李洪修,张波.区域交通产生的回归分析误差信息补偿修正法[J].中国公路学报,1996,(03)
[65]刘渝林,李嘉明主编.统计学教程[M].重庆市:重庆大学出版社,2002
[66] Thorsen, J.P. Gitlesen. Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Model Specifications to PredictCommutingflows[J]. Journal of Regional Science,1998,38(02):273–292
[67]中华人民共和国民政部.中华人民共和国行政区划统计表[Z],2005.01
[68]徐双应，等.蒲城汽车客运站可行性研究报告[R].西安:长安大学研究,2011
[69]顾政华,李旭宏.主成分分析法在公路网综合评价中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2003.10
[70]罗志忠,张丰焰.主成分分析法在公路网节点重要性指标权重分析中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005.12
[71]劳亚民,刘登科,陈明明.基于主成分分析法的目标价值评估[J].舰船电子工程,2008
[72]张文霖.主成分分析在SPSS中的操作应用[J].市场研究,2005,12
[73]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2009[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2009
[74]白奕.多指标综合评价的主成分分析模型及原理[J].陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版），1998，（02）
[75] Michael Armstrong, Angela Baronl. Performace Management[M]. London: The Cromwell Press,1998:15
[76]李业昆.绩效管理系统研究[M].北京市:华夏出版社,2007
[77]盛明科.服务型政府绩效评估体系构建与制度安排研究[M].湘潭市:湘潭大学出版社,2009.05:28
[78] Jorge Gonzalez. Airport Performance Measurement: A Strategy for Management Information andImprovement [R]. Boston: ACI Annual Conference,2008.09
[79] General Accounting Office. Program Performance Measurements: Federal Agency Collection and Useof Performance Data, GAO/GGD-92-65[R]. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Officee,1992
[80] General Accounting Office. The Results Act: An Evaluator’s Buide to Assessing Agency AnnualPerformance Plans, GAO/GGD-10.1.20[R]. Washington, D.C., U.S.:General Accounting Office,1998
[81] Renata Gomes Frutuoso Braz, Luiz Felipe Scavarda, Roberto Antonio Martins. Reviewing andImproving Performance Measurement Systems: An Action Research[J]. International Journal ofProduction Economics,2011,133(02):751-760
[82] International Civil Aviation Organization (WORKING PAPER). Economic Performance andMinimum Reporting Reqirments for Airports and Navigagion Services Providers[R]. Confence on TheEconomics of Airports and Air Navigation Services,2008
[83] Hatry. Performance Measurement: Getting Results[R]. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press,1999
[84] Lohman.C.Fortuin, L.Wouters.M.. Designing a Performance Measurement System Design: A CaseStudy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,156(02):267–286.
[85] Paul Folan, Jim Browne. A Review of Performance Measurement: Towards PerformanceManagement[J]. Computers in Industry,2005,56:663–680
[86]孟华.政府绩效评估:美国的经验与中国的实践[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2006.03:5
[87] Paul Folana, Jim Brownea, Harinder Jagdev. Performance: Its Meaning and Content for Today’sBusiness Research[J]. Computers in Industry,2007,58:605–620
[88]Robert Padgette, Cambridge Systematics. EffectiveOrganization of Performance Measurement(NCHRP8-36, Task47)[R]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO),2006
[89] Raymiond L.Sparks. Performance Measurement in Primary Stae Law Enforcement Agencies[R]. Reno:University of Nevada,2003.08
[90]杨利云.基于绩效三棱镜的企业绩效评价研究[J].财会通讯,2011,(03)
[91]杨建生.服务政府制度创新研究[M].南宁市：广西民族出版社,2007.08:21
[92]刘敬芝.全面预算管理在企业中的运用研究[M].北京市:中国文联出版社,2008:178
[93] Robert S. Kaplan. Monprofit Management&Leadership[J]. Strategic Performance Measurement inNonprofit Organization,2001.09,11(03)
[94] Dr. Robert Czerniak, Sandra Gaiser, Darren Gerard.the Use of Intermodal Performance Measures byState Departments of Transportation[R]. Washington D.C.20590: US Department of Transportation,1996
[95] Lin Qiu. Performance Measurement for Hihtway Winter Maintenance Opeerations[D]. Iowa: TheUniversity of Iowa,2008.05
[96] Federal Highway Administration. About Highway Performance Monitoring System[EB/OL],http://www.fhwa.dotgov/police/ohpi/hpms/abouthpms.cfm,2008.08
[97] Bureau of Transportation statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. Transportation statistics annualreport2003[R]. Washington D.C.: Bureau of Transportation Statitics,2003
[98] Burean of Transportation Stasitsitcs, U.S. Census Bureau. Commodity Flow Survey2002[R].Washington D.C.:U.S. Department of Commerce,2004
[99] Frank Southworth. Filling Gap In The U.S. Commodity Flow Picture Using the CFS With Other DataSources[R]. Washington D.C.: US Department of Transportation,1996
[100] Anderson, S.C., G.J. Fielding. Comparative Analysis of Transit Performance[R]. UMTA-DOT,1982
[101] UMTA. Proceedings of the first national conference on transit performance[R]. UMTA-DOT,1978
[102] Howard P. Benn. Bus Route Evaluation Standards[S]. Washington, D.C.: Transportation RearchBoard,1995
[103] Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manua(TCQSM). TCRP Web Document [R]. Washington,DC: Transportation Research Board,1999.
[104] Kittelson&Associates INC, Urbitran INC, Urbitan INC, LKC Consulting Services INC, MorpaceInternational INC, Queensland University of Technology, Yuko Nakanishi. A Guidebook forDeveloping a Transit Formance-Measuremen System(TCRP REPORT88)[R]. Washington, D.C:Transportation Research Board,2003
[105] Paul Ryus, Kathryn Coffel, Jamie Parks. A Methodology for Performance Measurement and PeerComparison in the Public Transportation Industry(TCRP REPORT141)[R]. Washington, D.C:Transportation Research Board,2010
[106] Douglas MacDonald, Connie Yew, Robert Arnold, et al. Transportation Performance Measures inAustralia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand[R]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department ofTransportation.,2004
[107]张天悦,林晓言.交通在区域经济协同发展中的助推作用-以泛欧交通网为例[J].技术经济,2010,30(08)
[108] Khaled EI Araby, Dorsch Consult, Martial Chevreuil, et al. Performance Monitoring of theTrans-European Transport Network[R]. Association for European Transport.2001
[109] Michael A.Cirillo. Performance Framework Concept: The Global ATM Operational Concept–A Callto Performance Ederal Aviation Administration[DB/OL]. SpecialSciDBS,2007
[110]交通运输部办公厅.关于开展2008年交通预算项目绩效考评试点工作的通知[EB/OL].http://www.crs.gov.cn/tongzhigg_jlj/caiwuxx_tzgg/201102/t20110228_907496.html,2008-08-27
[111]交通运输部.关于加强交通运输企业安全生产绩效考核的指导意见[EB/OL].http://www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/siju/anquanjiandusi/anquanshengchan/zhengcefagui/201108/t20110816_1042389.html,2011-08-16
[112] Norman C.Mueller. Fifteen Years of HPMS Partnership: Accomplishments and FutureDirections[DB/OL], http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/95summer/p95su10.cfm,/2011
[113]秦华容.中美高速公路运输比较研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011
[114]2009California Public Road Data[R]. Department of transportation of State of California,2010
[115] Fielding, G..J., Babitasky T.T., Brenner M.E.. Performance Evaluation for Bus Transit [J].Transportation Research,1985,19A (01):73–82
[116](美)Larrie Rouillard著，史东辉，沈毅译.目标与设定目标[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2002.04:13
[117]黄小玉.上市公司财务分析[M].东北财经大学出版社,2007
[118]曹珊.我国民航业规制改革绩效研究[D].暨南大学,2011.06
[119] Omkarprasad S.Vaidya, Sushil Kumar. Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Overview of Applications[J].European Journal Operational Research,2006.02,169(1):1-29
[120]郭晓汾,徐双应,闫广维.基于灰加权关联度的公路主枢纽站场布局决策方法[J].中国公路学报,1997,(03)
[121]王连芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990:5
[122]白思俊.系统工程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.06:196
[123]胡保生,彭勤科.系统工程原理与应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007:241
[124] Howard P. Benn. Bus Route Evaluation Standards(TCRP Synthesis10)[R]. Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press.1995
[2]聂育仁.发达国家公路运输枢纽发展的经验与启示[J].城市车辆,2009.04
[3]肯尼斯·巴顿.运输经济学[M].北京:商务出版社,2003
[4]陈贻龙,邵振一.运输经济学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998
[5] Gauton R.Theoretical Explorations in Economic Growth and Transportation[D]. Boston: BostonUniversity,1997
[6]孙启鹏,吴群琪,张圣忠等.运输需求的本质及特征分析[J].综合运输,2007.08
[7]荣朝和编著.西方运输经济学[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008:4
[8]徐剑华编著.运输经济学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009.08:85
[9]聂华林,赵超编著.区域空间结构概论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008.04:4
[10]吴群琪,陈文强,张圣忠.运输需求本质及其特征研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2009,(04)
[11] Meyer, Michael D., Miller, Eric J.. Ubban Transportation Planing[M]. Mcgraw-Hill College,2005:247-254
[12] Edward Weiner. Urban Transportation Planning in The US-A Historical Overview/Nov1992[R].Washington, D.C.20590: U.S. Department of Transportation,1992
[13]陆化普，石京编著.交通规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2006:30
[14] Ruiter E.R., Ben-Akiva M.E. Disaggregate Travel Demand Models for The San Francisco BayArea[J].Transportation Research Record,1978,673:121-128.
[15]唐建桥,李新民,王慈光.论运输需求预测的有效性[J].铁道运输与经济,2008,30(6)
[16]张亮,王伟.一种顾及多因素影响的公路客运量预测模型[J].城市道路与防洪,2006,(05)
[17]王生昌,白韶波,张慧.公路客运量预测方法的比较[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(05)
[18]刘志杰.基于BP神经网络客运量的分析及预测[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(06)
[19]鲍德风,路永华.内蒙古自治区客运量预测模型[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(04)
[20]单飞，高玉翠，任俊学.区域间公路客运量分布调查及推算方法研究[J].公路与汽运，2011，(04)
[21]刘晓辉.汽车客运站客流特征及客运量预测研究[J].山东交通学院学院学报,2008,(03)
[22]张文尝，金凤君，荣朝和，等.空间运输联系理论研究、实证分析、预测方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1992：1
[23]刘承良著.武汉都市圈空间发展机理与调控战略[M].北京市:科学出版社,2009.09:10
[24]胡大伟编著.公路运输枢纽规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2008:44
[25]王元庆,周伟著.停车设施规划[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[26]贾强,晏克非,张宝玉等.基于节点重要度与交通区位公路运输枢纽布局研究[J].山东交通科技,2008,(04)
[27]胡列格,程立勤.基于节点重要度交通区位布局法的城市群公路网布局研究[J].铁道科学与工程报,2008.02,5(1)
[28]宋新生,王啸啸,李爱增等.城市群区域公路网节点重要度评估方法研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2011.04,11(02)
[29]周伟,姚志刚,王元庆,等.基于节点重要度的公路运输站场建设序列[J].长安大学学报（自然科学报）,2006,(02)
[30]姚志刚,周伟,王元庆.基于因子分析与Kohonen网络的公路运输枢纽分类方法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)，2009.08,3(04)
[31] Neely,The Performance Measurement Revolution: Why Now and What Next? International Journal ofOperations and Production Management19(2)(1999)205–228.
[32] Paul Folan， Jim Browne. A Review of Performance Measurement: Towards PerformanceManagement. Computers in Industry56(2005)663–680
[33] S.S. Nudurupati, U.S.Bititci, V.Kumar, F.T.S.Chan. State of the Art Literature Review on PerformanceMeasurement. Computers&Industrial Engineering.60(2011)279–290
[34] Jorge Gonzalez.Airport Performance Measurement：A Strategy For Management Information andImprovementA Strategy For Management Information and Improvement. ACI Annual Conference.Boston, Sept21-24,2008
[35]陈大伟,张鸽,李旭宏等.城市对外客运枢纽综合评价研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,(01)
[36]陈秀锋,王俊波,马淋淋.公路主枢纽布局方案评价方法研究[J].青岛理工大学学报,2006,(01)
[37]师桂兰.城市客运枢纽综合评价方法研究[D].南京：东南大学.2005.06
[38]李孟楼主编.科学研究方法[M].北京市:中国农业出版社,2009:56
[39]张宪魁,李晓林,阴瑞华.物理学方法论[M].杭州市:浙江教育出版社,2007:93
[40]曹均伟,李凌编著.经济学方法论[M].北京市:高等教育出版社,2007:139
[41]周伟,姚志刚.公路运输枢纽形成机理与发展模式研究[J].中外公路,2006,26(01)
[42]王燕,杨海波.公路枢纽项目客运量预测方法初探[J].黑龙江交通科技.2003,(01)
[4.] XU Shuangying,Ma Jian,Zhang Lei. et al. Linear Regression Prediction Model of Prefecture LevelHighway Passenger Transport Volume[J]. Proceedings of2011International Conference on Electronicand Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology(EMEIT)[C].IEEE,2011:3250-3253
[44] XU Shuangying, Zhang Lei. Ma Jian. Study on Linear Regression Prediction Model of CountyHighway Passenger Transport Volume[J]. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing,2011,104:151-156
[45]徐双应,韩苗苗,高洁.公路客运站运输需求间接预测模式[A].中国交通研究与探索:第七届全国交通运输领域青年学术会议论文集[C].北京:中国民航出版社,2007
[46]袁长伟,吴群琪.对运输需求预测理论的再认识.综合运输,2005,(01)
[47]程先富主编.地理科学概论[M].合肥市:安徽人民出版社,2008
[48]董桂才著.中国农产品出口市场结构及其优化研究:基于引力模型的分析[M].北京市:经济出版社,2010
[49]杰弗里·马丁编著.所有可能的世界:地理学思想史[M].上海市:上海人民出版社,2008
[50] Rengaraju.V.R., Thamizh Arasan.V.. Modeling for Air Travel Demand[J]. Journal of TransportationEngineering,1992,118:371–380
[51] Jorge-Caldero′n, J.D..A Demand Model for Scheduled Airline Services on International EuropeanRoutes[J]. Journalof Air Transport Management3,1997:23–35
[52] Ub e,J.. Aggregation of Gravity Models for Journeysto Work[J]. Environm Entand Planning,2004,36:715–729
[53] Tacke,G., Schleusener,M.. Bargain Airline Pricing—How Should the Majors Respond?[R].Travel andTourism White Paper Series, Simon, Kucherand Partners,Bonn.,2003
[54] Lee,D.. Concentration and Pricetrendsinthe U.S Domestic Airline Industry1990–2000[J]. Journal ofAir Transport Management,2003,9:91–101
[55] Tobias Grosche, Franz Rothlauf, Armin Heinzl. Gravity Models for Airline Passenger VolumeEstimation[J]. Journal of Air Management,2007,13:173-183
[56] Hidenobu Matsumoto. Internationalair Network Structuresand Air Traffic Density of World Cities[J].Transportation Research Part E,2007,43:269–282
[57] Guoqiang Shen. Reverse-fitting the Gravity Model to Inter-city Airline Passenger Flows by AnAlgebraic Simplification[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2004.09,12(3):219–234
[58] Oliver W. Wojahn. Airline Network Structure and The Gravity Model[J]. Transportation Research PartE: Logistics and Transportation Review,2001,37(4):267–279
[59] Cherng-Chwan Hwang, Guo-Chou Shiao. Analyzing Air Cargo Flows of International Routes: AnEmpirical Study of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(4):738–744
[60] K.W. Ogden. The Distribution of Truck Trips and Commodity Flow in Urban Areas: A Gravity ModelAnalysis[J]. Transportation Research，1978，12：131－137
[61] Karst T. Geurs, Bert Van Wee. Accessibility Evaluation of Land-use And Transport Strategies: Reviewand Research Directions[J]. Journalof Transport Geography,2004,12:127–140
[62]徐双应，马建，白小丽，等.基于引力模型的县域区域区际公路客运需求分析方法[J].中国公路学报,2011,(4)
[63]刘世峰,赵洪武.引力模型的机理分析[J].数量经济技术研究,2000,(01)
[64]杨涛,李洪修,张波.区域交通产生的回归分析误差信息补偿修正法[J].中国公路学报,1996,(03)
[65]刘渝林,李嘉明主编.统计学教程[M].重庆市:重庆大学出版社,2002
[66] Thorsen, J.P. Gitlesen. Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Model Specifications to PredictCommutingflows[J]. Journal of Regional Science,1998,38(02):273–292
[67]中华人民共和国民政部.中华人民共和国行政区划统计表[Z],2005.01
[68]徐双应，等.蒲城汽车客运站可行性研究报告[R].西安:长安大学研究,2011
[69]顾政华,李旭宏.主成分分析法在公路网综合评价中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2003.10
[70]罗志忠,张丰焰.主成分分析法在公路网节点重要性指标权重分析中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005.12
[71]劳亚民,刘登科,陈明明.基于主成分分析法的目标价值评估[J].舰船电子工程,2008
[72]张文霖.主成分分析在SPSS中的操作应用[J].市场研究,2005,12
[73]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2009[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2009
[74]白奕.多指标综合评价的主成分分析模型及原理[J].陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版），1998，（02）
[75] Michael Armstrong, Angela Baronl. Performace Management[M]. London: The Cromwell Press,1998:15
[76]李业昆.绩效管理系统研究[M].北京市:华夏出版社,2007
[77]盛明科.服务型政府绩效评估体系构建与制度安排研究[M].湘潭市:湘潭大学出版社,2009.05:28
[78] Jorge Gonzalez. Airport Performance Measurement: A Strategy for Management Information andImprovement [R]. Boston: ACI Annual Conference,2008.09
[79] General Accounting Office. Program Performance Measurements: Federal Agency Collection and Useof Performance Data, GAO/GGD-92-65[R]. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Officee,1992
[80] General Accounting Office. The Results Act: An Evaluator’s Buide to Assessing Agency AnnualPerformance Plans, GAO/GGD-10.1.20[R]. Washington, D.C., U.S.:General Accounting Office,1998
[81] Renata Gomes Frutuoso Braz, Luiz Felipe Scavarda, Roberto Antonio Martins. Reviewing andImproving Performance Measurement Systems: An Action Research[J]. International Journal ofProduction Economics,2011,133(02):751-760
[82] International Civil Aviation Organization (WORKING PAPER). Economic Performance andMinimum Reporting Reqirments for Airports and Navigagion Services Providers[R]. Confence on TheEconomics of Airports and Air Navigation Services,2008
[83] Hatry. Performance Measurement: Getting Results[R]. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press,1999
[84] Lohman.C.Fortuin, L.Wouters.M.. Designing a Performance Measurement System Design: A CaseStudy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,156(02):267–286.
[85] Paul Folan, Jim Browne. A Review of Performance Measurement: Towards PerformanceManagement[J]. Computers in Industry,2005,56:663–680
[86]孟华.政府绩效评估:美国的经验与中国的实践[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2006.03:5
[87] Paul Folana, Jim Brownea, Harinder Jagdev. Performance: Its Meaning and Content for Today’sBusiness Research[J]. Computers in Industry,2007,58:605–620
[88]Robert Padgette, Cambridge Systematics. EffectiveOrganization of Performance Measurement(NCHRP8-36, Task47)[R]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO),2006
[89] Raymiond L.Sparks. Performance Measurement in Primary Stae Law Enforcement Agencies[R]. Reno:University of Nevada,2003.08
[90]杨利云.基于绩效三棱镜的企业绩效评价研究[J].财会通讯,2011,(03)
[91]杨建生.服务政府制度创新研究[M].南宁市：广西民族出版社,2007.08:21
[92]刘敬芝.全面预算管理在企业中的运用研究[M].北京市:中国文联出版社,2008:178
[93] Robert S. Kaplan. Monprofit Management&Leadership[J]. Strategic Performance Measurement inNonprofit Organization,2001.09,11(03)
[94] Dr. Robert Czerniak, Sandra Gaiser, Darren Gerard.the Use of Intermodal Performance Measures byState Departments of Transportation[R]. Washington D.C.20590: US Department of Transportation,1996
[95] Lin Qiu. Performance Measurement for Hihtway Winter Maintenance Opeerations[D]. Iowa: TheUniversity of Iowa,2008.05
[96] Federal Highway Administration. About Highway Performance Monitoring System[EB/OL],http://www.fhwa.dotgov/police/ohpi/hpms/abouthpms.cfm,2008.08
[97] Bureau of Transportation statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. Transportation statistics annualreport2003[R]. Washington D.C.: Bureau of Transportation Statitics,2003
[98] Burean of Transportation Stasitsitcs, U.S. Census Bureau. Commodity Flow Survey2002[R].Washington D.C.:U.S. Department of Commerce,2004
[99] Frank Southworth. Filling Gap In The U.S. Commodity Flow Picture Using the CFS With Other DataSources[R]. Washington D.C.: US Department of Transportation,1996
[100] Anderson, S.C., G.J. Fielding. Comparative Analysis of Transit Performance[R]. UMTA-DOT,1982
[101] UMTA. Proceedings of the first national conference on transit performance[R]. UMTA-DOT,1978
[102] Howard P. Benn. Bus Route Evaluation Standards[S]. Washington, D.C.: Transportation RearchBoard,1995
[103] Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manua(TCQSM). TCRP Web Document [R]. Washington,DC: Transportation Research Board,1999.
[104] Kittelson&Associates INC, Urbitran INC, Urbitan INC, LKC Consulting Services INC, MorpaceInternational INC, Queensland University of Technology, Yuko Nakanishi. A Guidebook forDeveloping a Transit Formance-Measuremen System(TCRP REPORT88)[R]. Washington, D.C:Transportation Research Board,2003
[105] Paul Ryus, Kathryn Coffel, Jamie Parks. A Methodology for Performance Measurement and PeerComparison in the Public Transportation Industry(TCRP REPORT141)[R]. Washington, D.C:Transportation Research Board,2010
[106] Douglas MacDonald, Connie Yew, Robert Arnold, et al. Transportation Performance Measures inAustralia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand[R]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department ofTransportation.,2004
[107]张天悦,林晓言.交通在区域经济协同发展中的助推作用-以泛欧交通网为例[J].技术经济,2010,30(08)
[108] Khaled EI Araby, Dorsch Consult, Martial Chevreuil, et al. Performance Monitoring of theTrans-European Transport Network[R]. Association for European Transport.2001
[109] Michael A.Cirillo. Performance Framework Concept: The Global ATM Operational Concept–A Callto Performance Ederal Aviation Administration[DB/OL]. SpecialSciDBS,2007
[110]交通运输部办公厅.关于开展2008年交通预算项目绩效考评试点工作的通知[EB/OL].http://www.crs.gov.cn/tongzhigg_jlj/caiwuxx_tzgg/201102/t20110228_907496.html,2008-08-27
[111]交通运输部.关于加强交通运输企业安全生产绩效考核的指导意见[EB/OL].http://www.moc.gov.cn/zizhan/siju/anquanjiandusi/anquanshengchan/zhengcefagui/201108/t20110816_1042389.html,2011-08-16
[112] Norman C.Mueller. Fifteen Years of HPMS Partnership: Accomplishments and FutureDirections[DB/OL], http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/95summer/p95su10.cfm,/2011
[113]秦华容.中美高速公路运输比较研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011
[114]2009California Public Road Data[R]. Department of transportation of State of California,2010
[115] Fielding, G..J., Babitasky T.T., Brenner M.E.. Performance Evaluation for Bus Transit [J].Transportation Research,1985,19A (01):73–82
[116](美)Larrie Rouillard著，史东辉，沈毅译.目标与设定目标[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2002.04:13
[117]黄小玉.上市公司财务分析[M].东北财经大学出版社,2007
[118]曹珊.我国民航业规制改革绩效研究[D].暨南大学,2011.06
[119] Omkarprasad S.Vaidya, Sushil Kumar. Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Overview of Applications[J].European Journal Operational Research,2006.02,169(1):1-29
[120]郭晓汾,徐双应,闫广维.基于灰加权关联度的公路主枢纽站场布局决策方法[J].中国公路学报,1997,(03)
[121]王连芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990:5
[122]白思俊.系统工程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.06:196
[123]胡保生,彭勤科.系统工程原理与应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007:241
[124] Howard P. Benn. Bus Route Evaluation Standards(TCRP Synthesis10)[R]. Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press.1995
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |