隧道沥青混合料温拌阻燃技术研究
|
摘要
围绕公路隧道特殊的环境，针对沥青路面可燃性和高温释放有害气体等问题，本文通过查阅文献、理论分析、试验、等方法，研究隧道沥青混合料温拌阻燃技术，对改善隧道路面施工环境、提高路面阻燃性能有重要的意义。
Sasobit、Evotherm、Aspha-min三大主流温拌剂产品中，Evotherm的综合性能最优；Evotherm对沥青性能影响不大；模拟沥青水-热老化过程，改进RTFOT试验，得出水剂温拌剂可降低沥青的短期老化；采用Mashall空隙率法、SGC空隙率法、拌合力矩三种方法评价温拌沥青混合料降温幅度，得出SGC空隙率法是E-WMA降温效果的最佳评价方法；
采用躺滴法和毛细管上升法联合Young-Dupre矩阵方程得出沥青、温拌沥青和矿料表面能及参数，基于表面能理论建立沥青-矿料、温拌沥青-矿料、沥青-水-矿料、温拌沥青-水-矿料四种情况的粘附功模型，通过模型和材料表面能参数计算四种情况的粘附功，得出无水时温拌剂会对沥青与矿料粘附性的影响是不规律的；有水分时温拌剂会降低沥青与矿料粘附性，且有水时温拌沥青-矿料粘附功与WMA水稳定性呈同样的趋势，说明粘附功可作为混合料水稳定性的补充评价指标；
根据协同增效原理研制的无机复合阻燃剂9#MAA-Ti，提高改性沥青和混合料阻燃性能，降低沥青贮存稳定性，建议尽量减少贮存时间，其他性能满足规范要求；
通过PH试验得出温拌剂与阻燃剂不发生交互反应，能均匀的分布在沥青当中，温拌剂、阻燃剂使改性沥青的阻燃性能提高，其它各项性能下降，但下降幅度不大，仍满足规范要求；温拌剂阻燃剂提高混合料高温性能、低温性能、阻燃性能，降低水稳定性，但满足规范要求；
基于分布分型理论分析得出AC矿料级配分形特征只需一个分形维数D就可以表征，且分维值D与温拌阻燃改性沥青混合料体积参数、疲劳性能、动稳定度、低温弯曲应变能有较好的线性相关性，建立的关系模型可以预估温拌阻燃改性沥青混合料路用性能，验证级配的合理性；
通过检测现场两种方案生产的阻燃改性沥青性能，得出阻燃沥青现场制备最佳方法是与SBS同步改性法，Evotherm温拌剂添加方式为机械自动控制；
在有效碾压时间30min和最低碾压温度70℃时，采用PaveCool软件计算出不同环境下沥青路面建议摊铺温度，采用试验路实际情况验证其适用性，得出该建议摊铺温度适用于温拌阻燃改性沥青路面施工。
The warm-mixed antiflaming technology of tunnel asphalt mixture was studied by consulting domestic and foreign literatures、theoretical analysis、laboratory tests、the test road paving, etc in this paper. the warm-mixed antiflaming technology was around the special environment of highway tunnel, aiming at some problems such as the asphalt pavement flammability and releasing harmful gas at high temperature. This technology would have an important significance to improve construction environment and flame resistance of the tunnel pavement.
The comprehensive properties of Evotherm was optimal among three mainstream warm-mixed agent products—Sasobit, Evotherm, Aspha-min. Evotherm had a little impact on the asphalt performance; the liquid warm-mixed agent could be obtained to reduce the short-term aging of asphalt by simulating the water-thermal aging process of asphalt and improving RTFOT test; the three methods, Marshall voidage method, SGC voidage method and the mixing torque, were used to evaluate of the cooling rate of warm-mixed asphalt mixture; the SGC voidage method was the optimal evaluation method of Evotherm warm-mixed asphalt (The abbreviation is E-WMA);
The surface energy and parameters of asphalt, warm-mixed asphalt and aggregate was obtained by Young-Dupre matrix equation with the lie drop method and capillary rise method.
The work of adhesion model of four cases—asphalt-mineral aggregate, warm-mixed asphalt-mineral aggregate, asphalt-water-mineral aggregate, warm-mixed asphalt water-mineral aggregate was established based on the surface energy theory; the work of adhesion of the four situations were calculated through the model and the surface energy parameters of material; the warm-mixed agent would cause irregular effects on the adhesion between asphalt and mineral aggregate at no water, but reduce the adhesion between asphalt and mineral aggregate at water; meanwhile the work of adhesion of warm-mixed asphalt and mineral aggregate showed the same trend as water stability of WMA at water, indicating that the work of adhesion was as a complementary evaluation of mixture water stability;
The r&d inorganic composite flame retardant,9#MAA-Ti, could improve the flame resistance of modified asphalt and mixture, and reduce the storage stability of asphalt according to the synergistic principle; it is suggested that the storage time try to be reduced, and its other performances could meet the requirements of specification;
The warm-mixed could not occur interact reaction with agent and flame retardants by PH test, and they could be evenly distributed among the asphalt; the warm-mixed agent and flame retardant could improve the flame resistanceof modified asphalt, but make other various properties decline at a small range, still meeting the regulatory requirements;
The fractal characteristics of AC aggregate gradation only needed a fractal dimension D to characterize based on fractal theory; and the fractal dimension D had a good linear correlation with volume parameters of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt mixture, fatigue performance, dynamic stability and low temperature bending strain energy; the relationship model could be established to estimate the pavement performance of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt mixture, and verify gradation rationality;
The best method of on-site preparation for the antiflaming modified asphalt was drawn to sync with the way of SBS modified by detecting two site production programs; the addition way of Evotherm warm-mixed agent was mechanical automatic control;
The PaveCool software was used to calculate the paving temperature recommended of the asphalt pavement under different environmental at30min of effective RCC time and70℃of minimum rolling temperature; the recommended paving temperature was draw to be suitable for the construction of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt pavement via the actual situation of the test road to verify the applicability.
Sasobit、Evotherm、Aspha-min三大主流温拌剂产品中，Evotherm的综合性能最优；Evotherm对沥青性能影响不大；模拟沥青水-热老化过程，改进RTFOT试验，得出水剂温拌剂可降低沥青的短期老化；采用Mashall空隙率法、SGC空隙率法、拌合力矩三种方法评价温拌沥青混合料降温幅度，得出SGC空隙率法是E-WMA降温效果的最佳评价方法；
采用躺滴法和毛细管上升法联合Young-Dupre矩阵方程得出沥青、温拌沥青和矿料表面能及参数，基于表面能理论建立沥青-矿料、温拌沥青-矿料、沥青-水-矿料、温拌沥青-水-矿料四种情况的粘附功模型，通过模型和材料表面能参数计算四种情况的粘附功，得出无水时温拌剂会对沥青与矿料粘附性的影响是不规律的；有水分时温拌剂会降低沥青与矿料粘附性，且有水时温拌沥青-矿料粘附功与WMA水稳定性呈同样的趋势，说明粘附功可作为混合料水稳定性的补充评价指标；
根据协同增效原理研制的无机复合阻燃剂9#MAA-Ti，提高改性沥青和混合料阻燃性能，降低沥青贮存稳定性，建议尽量减少贮存时间，其他性能满足规范要求；
通过PH试验得出温拌剂与阻燃剂不发生交互反应，能均匀的分布在沥青当中，温拌剂、阻燃剂使改性沥青的阻燃性能提高，其它各项性能下降，但下降幅度不大，仍满足规范要求；温拌剂阻燃剂提高混合料高温性能、低温性能、阻燃性能，降低水稳定性，但满足规范要求；
基于分布分型理论分析得出AC矿料级配分形特征只需一个分形维数D就可以表征，且分维值D与温拌阻燃改性沥青混合料体积参数、疲劳性能、动稳定度、低温弯曲应变能有较好的线性相关性，建立的关系模型可以预估温拌阻燃改性沥青混合料路用性能，验证级配的合理性；
通过检测现场两种方案生产的阻燃改性沥青性能，得出阻燃沥青现场制备最佳方法是与SBS同步改性法，Evotherm温拌剂添加方式为机械自动控制；
在有效碾压时间30min和最低碾压温度70℃时，采用PaveCool软件计算出不同环境下沥青路面建议摊铺温度，采用试验路实际情况验证其适用性，得出该建议摊铺温度适用于温拌阻燃改性沥青路面施工。
The warm-mixed antiflaming technology of tunnel asphalt mixture was studied by consulting domestic and foreign literatures、theoretical analysis、laboratory tests、the test road paving, etc in this paper. the warm-mixed antiflaming technology was around the special environment of highway tunnel, aiming at some problems such as the asphalt pavement flammability and releasing harmful gas at high temperature. This technology would have an important significance to improve construction environment and flame resistance of the tunnel pavement.
The comprehensive properties of Evotherm was optimal among three mainstream warm-mixed agent products—Sasobit, Evotherm, Aspha-min. Evotherm had a little impact on the asphalt performance; the liquid warm-mixed agent could be obtained to reduce the short-term aging of asphalt by simulating the water-thermal aging process of asphalt and improving RTFOT test; the three methods, Marshall voidage method, SGC voidage method and the mixing torque, were used to evaluate of the cooling rate of warm-mixed asphalt mixture; the SGC voidage method was the optimal evaluation method of Evotherm warm-mixed asphalt (The abbreviation is E-WMA);
The surface energy and parameters of asphalt, warm-mixed asphalt and aggregate was obtained by Young-Dupre matrix equation with the lie drop method and capillary rise method.
The work of adhesion model of four cases—asphalt-mineral aggregate, warm-mixed asphalt-mineral aggregate, asphalt-water-mineral aggregate, warm-mixed asphalt water-mineral aggregate was established based on the surface energy theory; the work of adhesion of the four situations were calculated through the model and the surface energy parameters of material; the warm-mixed agent would cause irregular effects on the adhesion between asphalt and mineral aggregate at no water, but reduce the adhesion between asphalt and mineral aggregate at water; meanwhile the work of adhesion of warm-mixed asphalt and mineral aggregate showed the same trend as water stability of WMA at water, indicating that the work of adhesion was as a complementary evaluation of mixture water stability;
The r&d inorganic composite flame retardant,9#MAA-Ti, could improve the flame resistance of modified asphalt and mixture, and reduce the storage stability of asphalt according to the synergistic principle; it is suggested that the storage time try to be reduced, and its other performances could meet the requirements of specification;
The warm-mixed could not occur interact reaction with agent and flame retardants by PH test, and they could be evenly distributed among the asphalt; the warm-mixed agent and flame retardant could improve the flame resistanceof modified asphalt, but make other various properties decline at a small range, still meeting the regulatory requirements;
The fractal characteristics of AC aggregate gradation only needed a fractal dimension D to characterize based on fractal theory; and the fractal dimension D had a good linear correlation with volume parameters of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt mixture, fatigue performance, dynamic stability and low temperature bending strain energy; the relationship model could be established to estimate the pavement performance of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt mixture, and verify gradation rationality;
The best method of on-site preparation for the antiflaming modified asphalt was drawn to sync with the way of SBS modified by detecting two site production programs; the addition way of Evotherm warm-mixed agent was mechanical automatic control;
The PaveCool software was used to calculate the paving temperature recommended of the asphalt pavement under different environmental at30min of effective RCC time and70℃of minimum rolling temperature; the recommended paving temperature was draw to be suitable for the construction of warm-mixed antiflaming modified asphalt pavement via the actual situation of the test road to verify the applicability.
引文
[1]徐世法.高节能低排放型温拌沥青混合料的技术现状与应用前景J.公路,2005(7).
[2]罗伯特海利,马提亚诺尔廷.温拌技术发展与现状.2009城市道桥与防洪第四届全国(国际)技术高峰论坛暨西部交通科技创新论坛专辑.2009,10.
[3]柳浩,张淑芳.美国温拌沥青混合料考察综述J.市政技术,2009,27(4).
[4]左锋,叶奋.国外温拌沥青混合料技术与性能评价J.中外公路,2007,27(6).
[5]周粤秋.沥青混合料拌和的新技术J.建设机械技术与管理,1994.
[6]杨小姻,李淑明,史保华.温拌沥青混合料的技术与应用分析J.石油沥青,2007,21(4)：58-61.
[7]徐世法.高节能低排放型温拌沥青混合料的技术现状与应用前景J.公路,2005(7).
[8]Graham C.Hurley, Brian D.Prowell. EVALUATION OF EVOTHERMFOR USE IN WARM MIX ASPHALT R. MeadWestvaco:Asphalt Innovations,2006.
[9]欧育湘等.阻燃高分子材料M.北京：国防工业出版社2001：2-3.
[10]Takamura,K.Binder Charactenrization for Latex Polymer-Modified Evotherm Warm Mix Charlotte Technical CenterM. North Carolina:BASF Corporation,2005.
[11]Wagoner, M.P., Buttlar, W.G., Paulino, G.H. Disk-Shaped Compact Tension Test for Asphalt Concrete FractureJ, Society of Experimental Mechanics,2005(5):270-278.
[12]Buttlar, W.G., Apeagyei, A.K., Characterization of Asphalt Institute Mixture Specimens using the ASTM D7313-07Fracture Energy TestR.2008.
[13]Scullion.T.,Zhou,f A Rapid,Performance-Related,Crack-Resistance TestR.2005.
[14]Zhuohui Tao, Fujian Ni, Jinhai Yan, and Wenyuan Huang,Evotherm Warm Mix Asphalt Technology Applied on Ultra-Thin Pavement in ChinaA. Proceedings of Selected Papers from the2009GeoHunan International Conference.
[10]许菲菲,刘黎萍,唐海威,周和庆.温拌沥青混合料与热拌沥青混合料性能对比J.公路工程,2009(03).
[11]张镇,刘黎萍,汤文Evotherm温拌沥青混合料性能研究J.建筑材料学报,2009(4).
[12]张海,李冬松,欧阳伟,杨扬.基于乳化平台的Evotherm温拌沥青混合料性能J.沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2009(2)
[13]付裕,柳浩,李宝生,苏玉昆,黄颂昌,秦咏春.温拌沥青混合料在奥运工程中的应用J.市政技术,2009(5)
[14]马卫民,曹亚东,严军,黄文元.朱金华.Evotherm温拌沥青混合料技术在中国 的应用A.2006ISSA全球大会暨国际沥青路面维修养护技术研讨会.
[20]王文达,顾兴宇,陆佳颖.公路交通科技(应用技术版)J.2009(4).
[21]胡宗文,王兆星,王林,马士杰.基于表面活性技术的温拌沥青胶结料性能试验研究J.公路,2009(9)
[22]秦永春,黄颂昌,苏玉昆,孙立军.温拌沥青混合料中沥青在施工阶段的老化程度J同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009(9)
[23]王鹏,黄卫东.采用DAT添加剂的温拌沥青拌合温度J.2010,7(6)：12-18.
[24]张镇,周和庆,花付南,刘黎萍EVOTHERM温拌混合料温度控制研究J.上海公路,2009(1)
[25]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[26]Shu Wei Goh,Zhanping You.Warm Mix Asphalt using Sasobit■:Field and Laboratory ExperienceJ.2008.
[27]Stacey Diefenderfer, P.E., and Amy Hearon. Laboratory Evaluation of a Warm Asphalt Technology for Use in VirginiaR.2009.
[28]Tejash Gandhi.Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties D. Clemson University,2008.
[29]Sushanta bhusal.A laboratory study of warm mix asphalt moisture damage potential and performances issues D.Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Institute of Engineering Kathmandu, Nepal,2004.
[30]Chandra Kiran Kumar Akisetty.Evalution of warm asphalt additives on performance properties and mixturesD. Clemson University,2008.
[31]季节,冉晋.Sasobit沥青混合料路用性能J.交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4).
[32]冉晋.温拌沥青混合料材料与性能评价研究D.北京建筑工程学院,2008.
[33]张锐,黄晓明.添加Sasobit的沥青与沥青混合料性能分析.交通运输工程学报,2007.8,7(4)
[34]李德超.两种温拌混合料添加剂性能室内试验比较J.石油沥青,2008,22(2).
[35]严世祥.温拌沥青混合料的应用技术研究D.重庆大学,2007.
[36]纪小平,孙云龙Sasobit温拌沥青混合料的试验研究J.武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(14).
[37]Sasobit普适沥青改性剂典型案例.中交科技http://www.cctmpofun.com.
[38]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of Aspha-min for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[39]重庆鹏方路面工程技术研究院.http://www.cctrpofun.com/news.asp?fid=16&id=190.
[40]黄开斌.温拌沥青及其合料路用性能试验研究D.长沙理工大学,2008.
[41]湖南省交通运输厅http://www. hnjt.gov. cn/static/kj dt/kjdt_39.html.
[42]欧育湘等.阻燃高分子材料M.北京：国防工业出版社2001：2-3.
[43]欧育湘等.实用阻燃技术M.北京：化学工业出版社2002：133-135.
[44]Weber M. Mineral flame retardants——overview and future trendsJ. Ind Miner,2000(2):19-28.
[45]Marosi G, Anna P, Marton A, Bertalan G, Flame-retarded polyolefin systems of controlled interphaseJ.Polym Adv Technol.2002,V(13):1103-1111.
[46]肖鹏,腾人瑞.无卤阻燃原理及无卤阻燃技术的发展方向.阻燃材料与技术.1997,12(1)：1-4.
[47]Wang LS, Wang X.L, Yan GL, Synthesis, characterization and flame retardance behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer containing triaryl phosphine oxideJ. Polym Degrad Stab2000.vol(69):127-130.
[48]Kalkanoglu Husnu M. Halogen-free flame-retardant bitumen roofing compositionP. US Patent,05437923,1995.
[49]81Slusher Carter C., Ogren Eric A., et. Flame retardant modified asphalt-based material and productstherefromP. US Patent,05516817,1996.
[50]Walters Robert B. Flame retarded asphalt blend compositionP. US Patent,04659381,1987.
[51]Walters Robert B, Schmidtline Paul J. Flame retarded asphalt compositionP. US Patent,05462588,1995.
[52]Jolitz Randal J., Kirk Donald R. Flame Retardant Asphalt CompositionP. US Patent,05102463,1992.
[53]Jolitz Randal J., Kirk Donald R. Flame Retardant Asphalt CompositionP. US Patent,05026747,1991.
[54]Smith CS, Metcalfe E. A study of fire-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase by FTIR spectroscopyJ. Polym Int,2000, V49(6):1169～1176.
[55]Brown Steve, Mead Natalie, et. Bauxite flame-retardant fillers for insulators or sheathingP. US Patent,06252173,2001.
[56]Joseph Graham. Flame resistant asphalt compositionsP. US Patent,04512806,1985
[57]Kalkanoglu Husnu M. Halogen-free flame-retardant bitumen roofing compositionP. US Patent,05437923,1995.
[58]Slusher Carter C., Ogren Eric A., et. Flame retardant modified asphalt-based material and productstherefromP. US Patent,05516817,1996.
[59]Grube Louis L., Frankoski Stanley P. Flame retardant bitumenP. US Patent,05110674,1992.
[60]J.hietaniemi, R.Kallonenr, et. Burning Characteristics of Selected Substance:Production of Heat,Smoke and Chemicals SpeciesJ. Fire Matter,1999(4):171～185.
[61]Smith CS, Metcalfe E. A study of fire-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase by FTIR spectroscopyJ. Polym Int,2000, V49(6):1169～1176.
[62]杨树人.阻燃沥青及其混合料的研究现状J.石油沥青,2007,21(4)：1-5.
[63]付永然,林元奎.阻燃沥青的研究进展与建议J.石油沥青,2006,20(6)：69-71.
[64]吴少鹏.阻燃改性沥青油毡的研究J.新型建筑材料,1997,34(8)：34-35.
[65]李祖伟,陈辉强.沥青阻燃改性技术研究及其阻燃机理J.长沙交通学院学报,2002,18(12)：44-47.
[66]陈辉强,陈仕周.沥青阻燃改性技术研究J.公路交通技术,2003,19(4)：19-20.
[67]何唯平,等.一种阻燃改性沥青混合料P.中国专利：1580129A,2005.
[68]鲁春红,于光喜,何唯平,等.环氧型焦油沥青阻燃涂料P.中国专利：1590486A,2005.
[69]黄绍龙,陈蔚,何唯平.阻然改性沥青马蹄脂碎石(SMA)混合料P.中国专利：1827696A,2006.
[70]丁庆军,胡曙光等.一种防火降噪隧道路面材料的制备方法P.中国专利：1760279A,2006.
[71]杨群,郭忠印等.隧道路面阻燃多孔沥青混凝土性能研究J.同济大学学报,2005,30(3)：316-320.
[72]郭进存,廖克俭,戴跃玲.阻燃沥青的研制J.辽宁石油化工大学学报,2005,25(2)5-8.
[73]余剑英,吴少鹏等.一种无卤阻燃聚合物改性沥青及其制备方法P.中国专利：861689,2006.
[74]余剑英等.阻燃沥青的制备与性能研究J.石油沥青,2005,19(4)：11-13.
[75]余剑英,吴少鹏等.阻燃SBS改性沥青的制备及性能J.中国公路学报,2007,20(3)：35-39.
[76]张厚记,胡曙光.碱性矿物纤维增强沥青混合料的研究J.武汉理工大学学报.2006,28(4)：36-38.
[77]张毅,梁乃兴,李凌等.温拌阻燃沥青混合料在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术,2009,4：111-114.
[78]廖文华,罗敏.温拌阻燃沥青混凝土在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术.2010,27(3)：116-119.
[78]俞文生,李昶.阻燃温拌沥青混合料性能及其应用J.公路.2010(1)
[80]张毅,梁乃兴等.温拌阻燃沥青混合料在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术.2009,26(4)：111-114.
[81]王春,隧道温拌阻燃沥青混合料技术性能研究D.西安：长安大学,2010.
[82]http://www.moc.gov.cn/xinxilb/xxlb_fabu/fbpd_liaoning/201007/t20100714_705315.html
[83]http://www.docin.com/p-153014936.html
[84]徐世国.隧道沥青铺面阻燃温拌施工技术的试验研究.隧道建设,2010,4
[85]路彦,张荣辉等.温拌阻燃纤维沥青混合料性能的研究J.新型建筑材料.2011.9：34-37.
[86]黄文元,秦永春.沥青温拌技木在国内外的应用现状J.道路工程,2008,3：1-4.
[87]Graham C.Hurley, Brian D.Prowell. EVALUATION OF EVOTHERMFOR USE IN WARM MIX ASPHALT R. MeadWestvaco:Asphalt Innovations,2006.
[88]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[89]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of Aspha-min for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[90]Abdalla S. Al-Rawashdeh.Performance Assessment of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) PavementsD. College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University,2008.
[91]Tejash Gandhi.Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties D. Clemson University,2008.
[92]Sushanta bhusal.A laboratory study of warm mix asphalt moisture damage potential and performances issues D.Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Institute of Engineering Kathmandu, Nepal,2004.
[93]Chandra Kiran Kumar Akisetty.Evalution of warm asphalt additives on performance properties and mixturesD. Clemson University,2008.
[94]Amit Bhasin. Development of Methods to Quantify Bitumen-Aggregate Adhesion and Loss of Adhesion Due to WaterD. Texas A&M University,2006.
[95]颜肖慈,罗明道.界面化学M.化学工业出版社,2005.
[96]A W Hefer, Dallas Little.Adhesion in Bitumen Aggregate Systems and Quantifieation of the Effects of Water on the Adhesive Bond.International Centre for Aggregate Researeh, ReporNO.ICAN505—1, pp59-63
[97]Fowkes F.M.Dispersion force contributions to surface and interfacial tensions,contactangles,and heats of immersionJ.Advances in Chemistry Series1964,43(1):99-111.
[98]刘亚敏.SMA沥青混合料水稳定性研究D.西安,长安大学,2008.
[99]温诗铸,黄平.界面科学与技术M.清华大学出版社,2011.
[100]顾庆峰,沈青,胡剑峰.聚木糖表面能及表面能成分的估算J.中国造纸学报,2003,18(2)：11-13.
[101]丹尼斯.沥青混合料水稳定性评价方法研究D.西安,长安大学,2007.
[102]Marosi G, Marton A, Anna P. Ceramic precursor in flame retardant systemsJ. Polym Degrad Stab,2002,V77(2):259-265.
[103]ShuiYu Lu, Ian Hamerton. Recent development in the chemistry of halogen free flame retardant polymersJ. Progress in Polymer Science,2002, V27(8):1661～1712
[104]王建棋,无卤阻燃聚合物基础与应用M.科学出版社：北京,2005.
[105]Hietaniemi J, Kallonen R, Mikkola E. Burning characteristics of selected substances:production ofheat,smoke and chemicals species J. Fire Mater,1999, V23(4):171～185.
[106]瞿保钧,陈伟.低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃的研究进展和应用前景.功能高分子学报,2002,15(3)：361-365
[107]Gilman J W, Lomakin S, Kashiwagi T, et al. Characterization of flame-retarded polymer combustion chars by solid-state13C and29NMR and EPRJ. Fire Mater,1998,22(2):61～67.
[108]史翎,段雪.阻燃剂的发展及在塑料中的应用J.塑料,2002,34(3)：11-15.
[109]赵战利,张争奇,薛建设,等.基于分形理论的沥青混合料抗滑级配评价J.长安大学学报：自然科学版,2008,28(3)：6-10.
[110]李波,徐鸥明,韩森.路表纹理的分形表征及在抗滑性预估中的应用J.武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(19)：102-104.
[111]黄继成,黄彭,沥青混合料集料分维数值和矿料间隙率的关系J.同济大学学报：自然科学版,2007,35(11)：1481-1485,1501.
[112]裴建中,张嘉林,常明丰.矿料级配对多孔沥青混合料空隙分布特性的影响J.中国公路学报,2010,23(1)：1-6.
[113]刘建勋,李波.基于级配分形的SUPERPAVE混合料设计参数预估J.郑州大学学报:工学版,2010,31(1):26-29.
[114]李波,李涛,滕旭秋,等.基于集料分形特征的沥青混合料配合比设计J.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(12)50-53,71.
[115]Yeggoni M,Button J W,Zollinger D G.Fractals of ag-gregates correlated with creep in asphalt concrete J. ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering,1996,122(1):22～28.
[116]杨瑞华,许志鸿,密级配沥青混合料集料分形分维与路用性能的关系J,土木工程学报,2007,40(3)8-103,109.
[117]陈国明,周纯秀,谭,忆秋.粗集料表面纹理的分形评定及沥青混合料性能试验J交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4)：1-5.
[118]李波,李涛,滕旭秋,等.基于矿料分形特征的沥青混合料配合比设计J.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(12)：50-53.
[119]谢和平,高峰,周宏伟,等.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究J.防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(4)：1-9.
[120]Zedeh L A. Fuzzy setsJ. Information and Control,1965(8):338～353.
[121]JTG F40-2004公路沥青路面施工技术规范S.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[122]刘建勋,李波.基于级配分形的SUPERPAVE混合料设计参数预估J.郑州大学学报(工学版),2010,31(1)：26-29.
[123]Asphalt Pavement Cooling Tool[EO/OL]. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/app/pavecool
[2]罗伯特海利,马提亚诺尔廷.温拌技术发展与现状.2009城市道桥与防洪第四届全国(国际)技术高峰论坛暨西部交通科技创新论坛专辑.2009,10.
[3]柳浩,张淑芳.美国温拌沥青混合料考察综述J.市政技术,2009,27(4).
[4]左锋,叶奋.国外温拌沥青混合料技术与性能评价J.中外公路,2007,27(6).
[5]周粤秋.沥青混合料拌和的新技术J.建设机械技术与管理,1994.
[6]杨小姻,李淑明,史保华.温拌沥青混合料的技术与应用分析J.石油沥青,2007,21(4)：58-61.
[7]徐世法.高节能低排放型温拌沥青混合料的技术现状与应用前景J.公路,2005(7).
[8]Graham C.Hurley, Brian D.Prowell. EVALUATION OF EVOTHERMFOR USE IN WARM MIX ASPHALT R. MeadWestvaco:Asphalt Innovations,2006.
[9]欧育湘等.阻燃高分子材料M.北京：国防工业出版社2001：2-3.
[10]Takamura,K.Binder Charactenrization for Latex Polymer-Modified Evotherm Warm Mix Charlotte Technical CenterM. North Carolina:BASF Corporation,2005.
[11]Wagoner, M.P., Buttlar, W.G., Paulino, G.H. Disk-Shaped Compact Tension Test for Asphalt Concrete FractureJ, Society of Experimental Mechanics,2005(5):270-278.
[12]Buttlar, W.G., Apeagyei, A.K., Characterization of Asphalt Institute Mixture Specimens using the ASTM D7313-07Fracture Energy TestR.2008.
[13]Scullion.T.,Zhou,f A Rapid,Performance-Related,Crack-Resistance TestR.2005.
[14]Zhuohui Tao, Fujian Ni, Jinhai Yan, and Wenyuan Huang,Evotherm Warm Mix Asphalt Technology Applied on Ultra-Thin Pavement in ChinaA. Proceedings of Selected Papers from the2009GeoHunan International Conference.
[10]许菲菲,刘黎萍,唐海威,周和庆.温拌沥青混合料与热拌沥青混合料性能对比J.公路工程,2009(03).
[11]张镇,刘黎萍,汤文Evotherm温拌沥青混合料性能研究J.建筑材料学报,2009(4).
[12]张海,李冬松,欧阳伟,杨扬.基于乳化平台的Evotherm温拌沥青混合料性能J.沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2009(2)
[13]付裕,柳浩,李宝生,苏玉昆,黄颂昌,秦咏春.温拌沥青混合料在奥运工程中的应用J.市政技术,2009(5)
[14]马卫民,曹亚东,严军,黄文元.朱金华.Evotherm温拌沥青混合料技术在中国 的应用A.2006ISSA全球大会暨国际沥青路面维修养护技术研讨会.
[20]王文达,顾兴宇,陆佳颖.公路交通科技(应用技术版)J.2009(4).
[21]胡宗文,王兆星,王林,马士杰.基于表面活性技术的温拌沥青胶结料性能试验研究J.公路,2009(9)
[22]秦永春,黄颂昌,苏玉昆,孙立军.温拌沥青混合料中沥青在施工阶段的老化程度J同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009(9)
[23]王鹏,黄卫东.采用DAT添加剂的温拌沥青拌合温度J.2010,7(6)：12-18.
[24]张镇,周和庆,花付南,刘黎萍EVOTHERM温拌混合料温度控制研究J.上海公路,2009(1)
[25]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[26]Shu Wei Goh,Zhanping You.Warm Mix Asphalt using Sasobit■:Field and Laboratory ExperienceJ.2008.
[27]Stacey Diefenderfer, P.E., and Amy Hearon. Laboratory Evaluation of a Warm Asphalt Technology for Use in VirginiaR.2009.
[28]Tejash Gandhi.Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties D. Clemson University,2008.
[29]Sushanta bhusal.A laboratory study of warm mix asphalt moisture damage potential and performances issues D.Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Institute of Engineering Kathmandu, Nepal,2004.
[30]Chandra Kiran Kumar Akisetty.Evalution of warm asphalt additives on performance properties and mixturesD. Clemson University,2008.
[31]季节,冉晋.Sasobit沥青混合料路用性能J.交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4).
[32]冉晋.温拌沥青混合料材料与性能评价研究D.北京建筑工程学院,2008.
[33]张锐,黄晓明.添加Sasobit的沥青与沥青混合料性能分析.交通运输工程学报,2007.8,7(4)
[34]李德超.两种温拌混合料添加剂性能室内试验比较J.石油沥青,2008,22(2).
[35]严世祥.温拌沥青混合料的应用技术研究D.重庆大学,2007.
[36]纪小平,孙云龙Sasobit温拌沥青混合料的试验研究J.武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(14).
[37]Sasobit普适沥青改性剂典型案例.中交科技http://www.cctmpofun.com.
[38]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of Aspha-min for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[39]重庆鹏方路面工程技术研究院.http://www.cctrpofun.com/news.asp?fid=16&id=190.
[40]黄开斌.温拌沥青及其合料路用性能试验研究D.长沙理工大学,2008.
[41]湖南省交通运输厅http://www. hnjt.gov. cn/static/kj dt/kjdt_39.html.
[42]欧育湘等.阻燃高分子材料M.北京：国防工业出版社2001：2-3.
[43]欧育湘等.实用阻燃技术M.北京：化学工业出版社2002：133-135.
[44]Weber M. Mineral flame retardants——overview and future trendsJ. Ind Miner,2000(2):19-28.
[45]Marosi G, Anna P, Marton A, Bertalan G, Flame-retarded polyolefin systems of controlled interphaseJ.Polym Adv Technol.2002,V(13):1103-1111.
[46]肖鹏,腾人瑞.无卤阻燃原理及无卤阻燃技术的发展方向.阻燃材料与技术.1997,12(1)：1-4.
[47]Wang LS, Wang X.L, Yan GL, Synthesis, characterization and flame retardance behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer containing triaryl phosphine oxideJ. Polym Degrad Stab2000.vol(69):127-130.
[48]Kalkanoglu Husnu M. Halogen-free flame-retardant bitumen roofing compositionP. US Patent,05437923,1995.
[49]81Slusher Carter C., Ogren Eric A., et. Flame retardant modified asphalt-based material and productstherefromP. US Patent,05516817,1996.
[50]Walters Robert B. Flame retarded asphalt blend compositionP. US Patent,04659381,1987.
[51]Walters Robert B, Schmidtline Paul J. Flame retarded asphalt compositionP. US Patent,05462588,1995.
[52]Jolitz Randal J., Kirk Donald R. Flame Retardant Asphalt CompositionP. US Patent,05102463,1992.
[53]Jolitz Randal J., Kirk Donald R. Flame Retardant Asphalt CompositionP. US Patent,05026747,1991.
[54]Smith CS, Metcalfe E. A study of fire-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase by FTIR spectroscopyJ. Polym Int,2000, V49(6):1169～1176.
[55]Brown Steve, Mead Natalie, et. Bauxite flame-retardant fillers for insulators or sheathingP. US Patent,06252173,2001.
[56]Joseph Graham. Flame resistant asphalt compositionsP. US Patent,04512806,1985
[57]Kalkanoglu Husnu M. Halogen-free flame-retardant bitumen roofing compositionP. US Patent,05437923,1995.
[58]Slusher Carter C., Ogren Eric A., et. Flame retardant modified asphalt-based material and productstherefromP. US Patent,05516817,1996.
[59]Grube Louis L., Frankoski Stanley P. Flame retardant bitumenP. US Patent,05110674,1992.
[60]J.hietaniemi, R.Kallonenr, et. Burning Characteristics of Selected Substance:Production of Heat,Smoke and Chemicals SpeciesJ. Fire Matter,1999(4):171～185.
[61]Smith CS, Metcalfe E. A study of fire-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase by FTIR spectroscopyJ. Polym Int,2000, V49(6):1169～1176.
[62]杨树人.阻燃沥青及其混合料的研究现状J.石油沥青,2007,21(4)：1-5.
[63]付永然,林元奎.阻燃沥青的研究进展与建议J.石油沥青,2006,20(6)：69-71.
[64]吴少鹏.阻燃改性沥青油毡的研究J.新型建筑材料,1997,34(8)：34-35.
[65]李祖伟,陈辉强.沥青阻燃改性技术研究及其阻燃机理J.长沙交通学院学报,2002,18(12)：44-47.
[66]陈辉强,陈仕周.沥青阻燃改性技术研究J.公路交通技术,2003,19(4)：19-20.
[67]何唯平,等.一种阻燃改性沥青混合料P.中国专利：1580129A,2005.
[68]鲁春红,于光喜,何唯平,等.环氧型焦油沥青阻燃涂料P.中国专利：1590486A,2005.
[69]黄绍龙,陈蔚,何唯平.阻然改性沥青马蹄脂碎石(SMA)混合料P.中国专利：1827696A,2006.
[70]丁庆军,胡曙光等.一种防火降噪隧道路面材料的制备方法P.中国专利：1760279A,2006.
[71]杨群,郭忠印等.隧道路面阻燃多孔沥青混凝土性能研究J.同济大学学报,2005,30(3)：316-320.
[72]郭进存,廖克俭,戴跃玲.阻燃沥青的研制J.辽宁石油化工大学学报,2005,25(2)5-8.
[73]余剑英,吴少鹏等.一种无卤阻燃聚合物改性沥青及其制备方法P.中国专利：861689,2006.
[74]余剑英等.阻燃沥青的制备与性能研究J.石油沥青,2005,19(4)：11-13.
[75]余剑英,吴少鹏等.阻燃SBS改性沥青的制备及性能J.中国公路学报,2007,20(3)：35-39.
[76]张厚记,胡曙光.碱性矿物纤维增强沥青混合料的研究J.武汉理工大学学报.2006,28(4)：36-38.
[77]张毅,梁乃兴,李凌等.温拌阻燃沥青混合料在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术,2009,4：111-114.
[78]廖文华,罗敏.温拌阻燃沥青混凝土在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术.2010,27(3)：116-119.
[78]俞文生,李昶.阻燃温拌沥青混合料性能及其应用J.公路.2010(1)
[80]张毅,梁乃兴等.温拌阻燃沥青混合料在隧道路面中的应用技术研究J.公路交通技术.2009,26(4)：111-114.
[81]王春,隧道温拌阻燃沥青混合料技术性能研究D.西安：长安大学,2010.
[82]http://www.moc.gov.cn/xinxilb/xxlb_fabu/fbpd_liaoning/201007/t20100714_705315.html
[83]http://www.docin.com/p-153014936.html
[84]徐世国.隧道沥青铺面阻燃温拌施工技术的试验研究.隧道建设,2010,4
[85]路彦,张荣辉等.温拌阻燃纤维沥青混合料性能的研究J.新型建筑材料.2011.9：34-37.
[86]黄文元,秦永春.沥青温拌技木在国内外的应用现状J.道路工程,2008,3：1-4.
[87]Graham C.Hurley, Brian D.Prowell. EVALUATION OF EVOTHERMFOR USE IN WARM MIX ASPHALT R. MeadWestvaco:Asphalt Innovations,2006.
[88]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[89]Graham C. Hurley, Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of Aspha-min for use in warm mix asphalt R.2005.
[90]Abdalla S. Al-Rawashdeh.Performance Assessment of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) PavementsD. College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University,2008.
[91]Tejash Gandhi.Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties D. Clemson University,2008.
[92]Sushanta bhusal.A laboratory study of warm mix asphalt moisture damage potential and performances issues D.Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Institute of Engineering Kathmandu, Nepal,2004.
[93]Chandra Kiran Kumar Akisetty.Evalution of warm asphalt additives on performance properties and mixturesD. Clemson University,2008.
[94]Amit Bhasin. Development of Methods to Quantify Bitumen-Aggregate Adhesion and Loss of Adhesion Due to WaterD. Texas A&M University,2006.
[95]颜肖慈,罗明道.界面化学M.化学工业出版社,2005.
[96]A W Hefer, Dallas Little.Adhesion in Bitumen Aggregate Systems and Quantifieation of the Effects of Water on the Adhesive Bond.International Centre for Aggregate Researeh, ReporNO.ICAN505—1, pp59-63
[97]Fowkes F.M.Dispersion force contributions to surface and interfacial tensions,contactangles,and heats of immersionJ.Advances in Chemistry Series1964,43(1):99-111.
[98]刘亚敏.SMA沥青混合料水稳定性研究D.西安,长安大学,2008.
[99]温诗铸,黄平.界面科学与技术M.清华大学出版社,2011.
[100]顾庆峰,沈青,胡剑峰.聚木糖表面能及表面能成分的估算J.中国造纸学报,2003,18(2)：11-13.
[101]丹尼斯.沥青混合料水稳定性评价方法研究D.西安,长安大学,2007.
[102]Marosi G, Marton A, Anna P. Ceramic precursor in flame retardant systemsJ. Polym Degrad Stab,2002,V77(2):259-265.
[103]ShuiYu Lu, Ian Hamerton. Recent development in the chemistry of halogen free flame retardant polymersJ. Progress in Polymer Science,2002, V27(8):1661～1712
[104]王建棋,无卤阻燃聚合物基础与应用M.科学出版社：北京,2005.
[105]Hietaniemi J, Kallonen R, Mikkola E. Burning characteristics of selected substances:production ofheat,smoke and chemicals species J. Fire Mater,1999, V23(4):171～185.
[106]瞿保钧,陈伟.低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃的研究进展和应用前景.功能高分子学报,2002,15(3)：361-365
[107]Gilman J W, Lomakin S, Kashiwagi T, et al. Characterization of flame-retarded polymer combustion chars by solid-state13C and29NMR and EPRJ. Fire Mater,1998,22(2):61～67.
[108]史翎,段雪.阻燃剂的发展及在塑料中的应用J.塑料,2002,34(3)：11-15.
[109]赵战利,张争奇,薛建设,等.基于分形理论的沥青混合料抗滑级配评价J.长安大学学报：自然科学版,2008,28(3)：6-10.
[110]李波,徐鸥明,韩森.路表纹理的分形表征及在抗滑性预估中的应用J.武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(19)：102-104.
[111]黄继成,黄彭,沥青混合料集料分维数值和矿料间隙率的关系J.同济大学学报：自然科学版,2007,35(11)：1481-1485,1501.
[112]裴建中,张嘉林,常明丰.矿料级配对多孔沥青混合料空隙分布特性的影响J.中国公路学报,2010,23(1)：1-6.
[113]刘建勋,李波.基于级配分形的SUPERPAVE混合料设计参数预估J.郑州大学学报:工学版,2010,31(1):26-29.
[114]李波,李涛,滕旭秋,等.基于集料分形特征的沥青混合料配合比设计J.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(12)50-53,71.
[115]Yeggoni M,Button J W,Zollinger D G.Fractals of ag-gregates correlated with creep in asphalt concrete J. ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering,1996,122(1):22～28.
[116]杨瑞华,许志鸿,密级配沥青混合料集料分形分维与路用性能的关系J,土木工程学报,2007,40(3)8-103,109.
[117]陈国明,周纯秀,谭,忆秋.粗集料表面纹理的分形评定及沥青混合料性能试验J交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4)：1-5.
[118]李波,李涛,滕旭秋,等.基于矿料分形特征的沥青混合料配合比设计J.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(12)：50-53.
[119]谢和平,高峰,周宏伟,等.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究J.防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(4)：1-9.
[120]Zedeh L A. Fuzzy setsJ. Information and Control,1965(8):338～353.
[121]JTG F40-2004公路沥青路面施工技术规范S.北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[122]刘建勋,李波.基于级配分形的SUPERPAVE混合料设计参数预估J.郑州大学学报(工学版),2010,31(1)：26-29.
[123]Asphalt Pavement Cooling Tool[EO/OL]. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/app/pavecool
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |