输气管道漏磁内检测器速度控制问题研究
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摘要
长距离输气管道是我国天然气传输的主要方式,管道的安全运行是关系到国计民生的重大问题。进行定期管道检测是保证管道正常运行的重要手段。由于输气管道多埋于地下或水下,因而管道内检测技术是国际上公认最为有效的输气管道检测方法。在众多内检测技术中,漏磁检测对检测环境的要求低、检测效果好、应用最为广泛。以漏磁检测技术为原理的内检测器运行速度过快影响检测效果甚至无法检测管道缺陷,因而内检测器对运行速度有严格的要求。控制内检测器运行速度,使之运行在合理的速度范围之内,对提高检测精度、提升检测效率都起着重要的作用。论文针对管道漏磁内检测速度控制的有关难题,紧密结合检测实际需要,通过理论分析和实验系统分析,剖析内检测器运行过程中管道流场的状态,对以内部调速法和加压站调压法为手段调节内检测器运行速度进行了深入研究。
论文研究内检测器在管道运行过程中与管道流场之间的相互作用。应用流体力学原理,建立不同泄流面积内检测器所在流场模型；应用动网格与用户自定义函数的手段模拟内检测器在水平直管道中启动、运行的整个过程；分析不同状态条件下内检测器周围速度、压力等多个参数对内检测速度的影响。完成在相同工况条件下内检测器在输气管道中运行的仿真计算与场地实验,并且将实验数据进行了对比。为分析输气管道内检测器速度影响因素、控制内检测器速度研究奠定理论基础。
深入地研究了以泄流方式调整内检测器运行速度的方法。通过分析得出在急加速过程中,由于里程轮打滑,内检测器无法采集速度信号。通过分析输气管道结构特点,将输气管道模型视为由水平直管道、坡道上升、垂直上升、坡道下降、垂直下降等几种二维管线构成；依据力学分析,得出不同管道上内检测器加速度与泄流面积之间的关系,并推导出速度控制模型；在内检测器内部安装加速度计和倾角器。利用加速度计以及倾角器实时采集内检测器加速度值及内检测运行方向与大地水准面的倾角,确定加速度控制模型的参数。利用加速度值作为速度控制器的输入参数调节内检测器速度。通过分析得出速度控制模型适用于不同管道类型、不同运行状态下的内检测器速度控制结论,并完成了速度控制仿真。从仿真的结果上看,无论处于急加速还是正常运行过程中,内检测器的速度都能被有效控制在适于检测的速度范围之内。
深入地研究了以加压站调压方式调整内检测器运行速度的方法。由于磁钢、轭铁等部件呈周向分布在内检测器的内部,使得泄流面积被大大压缩,因而利用泄流方式调整内检测器速度的能力有限。论文以运行在大口径、高压力、大流量的输气管道中的内检测器为研究对象,分析了影响其运行速度的主因,得出了输气管道压力差决定内检测器运行速度的结论。根据气体压力梯度公式推导出漏磁内检测器的压力-速度模型,由流体力学原理确定了模型的参数,并由全压、动压、静压、表压等关系完善该模型,使其具有可操作性。在实际输气管道上完成了压力速度模型有效性验证,实验结果表明该模型能够有效地计算不同压力差条件下内检测器运行速度。当内检测器的速度需要进行调整时,可以将其调整过程视为一种稳态条件下运行速度变化为另一种稳态条件下运行速度。利用压力速度模型计算出内检测器调整到目标速度所需上下游压力,从而通过改变压力达到调节内检测器运行速度的目的。计算出内检测器不同速度状态下的管道运行调节参数,并给出了管道压力调节策略。在西气东输二线上完成了速度调整实验验证,实验结果表明：加压站调压方法可有效地调整内检测器运行速度。
输气管道内检测器的速度控制问题的研究,开拓了解决国内输气管道漏磁检测过程中速度控制的思路,为输气管道漏磁内检测设备的研制作出了有益的探索工作。
Long-distance gas pipeline is the main way to transmit Chinese natural gas. The safe operation of the pipeline is considered as the major political and economical issue for China. Regular pipeline inspection is an important path to ensure the normal operation of the pipeline. Gas pipelines are mostly buried underground or underwater, thus detection technology in the pipeline is globally recognized as the most effective detection method of gas pipeline. Among so many detection technologies the magnetic flux leakage inspection which can operate in the formidable environment with high detection accuracy is most widely used. If the detector runs too fast the testing results can not even detect pipeline drawbacks, thus pipeline detector based on the magnetic flux leakage inspection technology requires a decent speed. Controlling the detector's speed which makes it runs within a reasonable speed range plays an important role to improve accuracy. Aiming to the troubles of the detector's controlling speed which is closed to actual needs, by using theoretical analysis and experimental system analysis and by analyzing pipeline flow field of the detector during the operating state. In-depth studies of discharge mode and pressure regulating way to adjust the detector speed have been discussed in this paper.
The interaction among the pipeline flow fields and running detector through the pipeline has been studied. Application principles of fluid mechanics, detection is in the discharge area where the flow field model has been constructed; by using dynamic grid and self-defined functions, the entire starting process of the detector in the horizontal straight pipeline is simulated; Analyzing the flow field parameters such as gas velocity, pressure etc to affect the speed of the detector with different discharge area; Under the certain operating conditions by using the simulation tools the detector's actual speed can be speculated.
The method to adjust the detector speed has been deeply studied here. After analysis the speed of the detector will be determined when the detector is accelerated after getting blocked and in the normal state. After the analysis and experiments, the detector acquires speed signal from odometer wheel; adjust the detector speed by setting up different openings of the discharge area; Control model is constructed by experimented values during the normal operation. After getting blocked in the acceleration process, the detector speed signal can't be collected effectively as the odometer wheel skids and as a result detector's speed will lose its control. By analyzing the above mentioned problem, an accelerometer is installed in the detector to solve the problem that the odometer wheel can not collect speed signal when the odometer wheel are skidding. Analyzing the structural characteristics of the gas pipeline and ignoring the small factor associated with the detector speed, the gas pipeline model has been simplified to the horizontal straight pipe, uprising sloped line, the vertical rising line, downward sloping line, vertically dropped line and several types of two-dimensional pipelines. According to the mechanical analysis the relationship between the detector's speed and discharge area is obtained by deducing the acceleration control model. By using the accelerometer and inclinometer, the acceleration value and the traveling direction can be acquired respectively to determine the parameters of the acceleration control model. The fusion of speed control model and acceleration control model will establish a new model so that it can control the detector's speed under different operating conditions. Simulation is accomplished. From the results of simulation under certain operating conditions, the detector's speed can be controlled effectively within the speed range which is suitable for detection.
The method to adjust the detector's speed by adjusting the pressure difference has been studied deeply. As there are many parts inside of the detector, the discharge area covers only12%of cross-sectional area of the detector, thus it has very limited ability to adjust the detector's speed. In this paper the detector's running through the gas pipeline with having large diameter, high pressure, high-speed has been studied. Here, the main cause of the detector's speed is analyzed. The detector's speed is determined by the pressure difference of the pipeline which is the result to be obtained. Based on the gas pressure gradient the pressure-speed model of the detector is derived. According to the fluid mechanics, parameters of the model are determined. To make the model operable the model is refined by using the relationship of the total pressure, dynamic pressure, static pressure, and gauge pressure. Pressure velocity model validation is tested in the actual Gas Transmission Pipeline. Experimental results show that the model can calculate the detector's speed in different pressure conditions. When the speed of the detector needs to be adjusted, the adjustment process can be regarded as the running speed of the particle running speed of a steady-state condition which will get changed to another steady state condition of the particle. The detector's speed which is adjusted to the target speed requires up and down stream pressure and the pressure value can be calculated using the pressure-velocity model. By using the pressure value, parameters of the pipeline are changed to adjust the detector's speed where the adjustment strategies are given. In Second West-East natural gas transmission project the pressure-velocity model is being verified. Experimental results show that the detector speed can adjust effectively by this model.
The study of the detector's controlling speed in the gas pipeline opens up the thinking that gas pipeline defects can not be detected by magnetic flux leakage testing, and makes a useful exploration work for developing Magnetic Flux leakage detection in Gas pipeline.
论文研究内检测器在管道运行过程中与管道流场之间的相互作用。应用流体力学原理,建立不同泄流面积内检测器所在流场模型；应用动网格与用户自定义函数的手段模拟内检测器在水平直管道中启动、运行的整个过程；分析不同状态条件下内检测器周围速度、压力等多个参数对内检测速度的影响。完成在相同工况条件下内检测器在输气管道中运行的仿真计算与场地实验,并且将实验数据进行了对比。为分析输气管道内检测器速度影响因素、控制内检测器速度研究奠定理论基础。
深入地研究了以泄流方式调整内检测器运行速度的方法。通过分析得出在急加速过程中,由于里程轮打滑,内检测器无法采集速度信号。通过分析输气管道结构特点,将输气管道模型视为由水平直管道、坡道上升、垂直上升、坡道下降、垂直下降等几种二维管线构成；依据力学分析,得出不同管道上内检测器加速度与泄流面积之间的关系,并推导出速度控制模型；在内检测器内部安装加速度计和倾角器。利用加速度计以及倾角器实时采集内检测器加速度值及内检测运行方向与大地水准面的倾角,确定加速度控制模型的参数。利用加速度值作为速度控制器的输入参数调节内检测器速度。通过分析得出速度控制模型适用于不同管道类型、不同运行状态下的内检测器速度控制结论,并完成了速度控制仿真。从仿真的结果上看,无论处于急加速还是正常运行过程中,内检测器的速度都能被有效控制在适于检测的速度范围之内。
深入地研究了以加压站调压方式调整内检测器运行速度的方法。由于磁钢、轭铁等部件呈周向分布在内检测器的内部,使得泄流面积被大大压缩,因而利用泄流方式调整内检测器速度的能力有限。论文以运行在大口径、高压力、大流量的输气管道中的内检测器为研究对象,分析了影响其运行速度的主因,得出了输气管道压力差决定内检测器运行速度的结论。根据气体压力梯度公式推导出漏磁内检测器的压力-速度模型,由流体力学原理确定了模型的参数,并由全压、动压、静压、表压等关系完善该模型,使其具有可操作性。在实际输气管道上完成了压力速度模型有效性验证,实验结果表明该模型能够有效地计算不同压力差条件下内检测器运行速度。当内检测器的速度需要进行调整时,可以将其调整过程视为一种稳态条件下运行速度变化为另一种稳态条件下运行速度。利用压力速度模型计算出内检测器调整到目标速度所需上下游压力,从而通过改变压力达到调节内检测器运行速度的目的。计算出内检测器不同速度状态下的管道运行调节参数,并给出了管道压力调节策略。在西气东输二线上完成了速度调整实验验证,实验结果表明：加压站调压方法可有效地调整内检测器运行速度。
输气管道内检测器的速度控制问题的研究,开拓了解决国内输气管道漏磁检测过程中速度控制的思路,为输气管道漏磁内检测设备的研制作出了有益的探索工作。
Long-distance gas pipeline is the main way to transmit Chinese natural gas. The safe operation of the pipeline is considered as the major political and economical issue for China. Regular pipeline inspection is an important path to ensure the normal operation of the pipeline. Gas pipelines are mostly buried underground or underwater, thus detection technology in the pipeline is globally recognized as the most effective detection method of gas pipeline. Among so many detection technologies the magnetic flux leakage inspection which can operate in the formidable environment with high detection accuracy is most widely used. If the detector runs too fast the testing results can not even detect pipeline drawbacks, thus pipeline detector based on the magnetic flux leakage inspection technology requires a decent speed. Controlling the detector's speed which makes it runs within a reasonable speed range plays an important role to improve accuracy. Aiming to the troubles of the detector's controlling speed which is closed to actual needs, by using theoretical analysis and experimental system analysis and by analyzing pipeline flow field of the detector during the operating state. In-depth studies of discharge mode and pressure regulating way to adjust the detector speed have been discussed in this paper.
The interaction among the pipeline flow fields and running detector through the pipeline has been studied. Application principles of fluid mechanics, detection is in the discharge area where the flow field model has been constructed; by using dynamic grid and self-defined functions, the entire starting process of the detector in the horizontal straight pipeline is simulated; Analyzing the flow field parameters such as gas velocity, pressure etc to affect the speed of the detector with different discharge area; Under the certain operating conditions by using the simulation tools the detector's actual speed can be speculated.
The method to adjust the detector speed has been deeply studied here. After analysis the speed of the detector will be determined when the detector is accelerated after getting blocked and in the normal state. After the analysis and experiments, the detector acquires speed signal from odometer wheel; adjust the detector speed by setting up different openings of the discharge area; Control model is constructed by experimented values during the normal operation. After getting blocked in the acceleration process, the detector speed signal can't be collected effectively as the odometer wheel skids and as a result detector's speed will lose its control. By analyzing the above mentioned problem, an accelerometer is installed in the detector to solve the problem that the odometer wheel can not collect speed signal when the odometer wheel are skidding. Analyzing the structural characteristics of the gas pipeline and ignoring the small factor associated with the detector speed, the gas pipeline model has been simplified to the horizontal straight pipe, uprising sloped line, the vertical rising line, downward sloping line, vertically dropped line and several types of two-dimensional pipelines. According to the mechanical analysis the relationship between the detector's speed and discharge area is obtained by deducing the acceleration control model. By using the accelerometer and inclinometer, the acceleration value and the traveling direction can be acquired respectively to determine the parameters of the acceleration control model. The fusion of speed control model and acceleration control model will establish a new model so that it can control the detector's speed under different operating conditions. Simulation is accomplished. From the results of simulation under certain operating conditions, the detector's speed can be controlled effectively within the speed range which is suitable for detection.
The method to adjust the detector's speed by adjusting the pressure difference has been studied deeply. As there are many parts inside of the detector, the discharge area covers only12%of cross-sectional area of the detector, thus it has very limited ability to adjust the detector's speed. In this paper the detector's running through the gas pipeline with having large diameter, high pressure, high-speed has been studied. Here, the main cause of the detector's speed is analyzed. The detector's speed is determined by the pressure difference of the pipeline which is the result to be obtained. Based on the gas pressure gradient the pressure-speed model of the detector is derived. According to the fluid mechanics, parameters of the model are determined. To make the model operable the model is refined by using the relationship of the total pressure, dynamic pressure, static pressure, and gauge pressure. Pressure velocity model validation is tested in the actual Gas Transmission Pipeline. Experimental results show that the model can calculate the detector's speed in different pressure conditions. When the speed of the detector needs to be adjusted, the adjustment process can be regarded as the running speed of the particle running speed of a steady-state condition which will get changed to another steady state condition of the particle. The detector's speed which is adjusted to the target speed requires up and down stream pressure and the pressure value can be calculated using the pressure-velocity model. By using the pressure value, parameters of the pipeline are changed to adjust the detector's speed where the adjustment strategies are given. In Second West-East natural gas transmission project the pressure-velocity model is being verified. Experimental results show that the detector speed can adjust effectively by this model.
The study of the detector's controlling speed in the gas pipeline opens up the thinking that gas pipeline defects can not be detected by magnetic flux leakage testing, and makes a useful exploration work for developing Magnetic Flux leakage detection in Gas pipeline.
引文
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