内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部地质特征及岩浆岩研究
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摘要
内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部位于二连-贺根山板块对接带的西北侧,在晚古生代处于西伯利亚板块东南大陆边缘增生带,在中生代则处于滨太平洋构造域之大兴安岭中生界火山-岩浆岩带的西部边缘。本文在对阿巴嘎旗北部必鲁特一带进行1:50000区域地质填图和1:5000实测地质剖面的基础上,对各类样品进行了采集分析,对该区地层、侵入岩和火山岩进行了较深入的研究。
通过1:5万填图查明：本区地层出露比较齐全,由老到新有奥陶系、泥盆系、石炭-二叠系、侏罗系、古近系和新近系。岩浆活动主要发生在石炭纪-二叠纪、侏罗纪、更新世3个时期。火山岩分布广泛,侵入岩较为发育。总体构造线为北东东向,构造以断裂为主,褶皱为次。
区内侵入岩可根据岩性特征、化学成分划分为三类：正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩。三者均为独立岩体。其中正长花岗岩的成岩时代为早二叠世,后两者为晚侏罗世。通过对三类侵入岩体样品主微量元素地球化学特征的分析,表明正长花岗岩体、碱长花岗岩体都具有A型花岗岩的特征,花岗斑岩体兼具A型和S型花岗岩的特征。这三类侵入岩体均产于后造山构造环境,岩浆来源与陆壳变杂砂岩部分熔融有关。
对区内宝力高庙组二段(C2P1bl2)与白音高老组(J3b)的火山岩岩石类型开展了研究,并结合火山岩地层剖面进行了分析,总结了本区在晚石炭世-早二叠世、晚侏罗世两个时期的火山喷发旋回特征。C2P1bl2火山岩相以爆发相为主,喷溢相较少,存在喷发间歇；依据火山岩相可划分为五个喷发韵律,每一韵律由下向上均从溢流相变为喷发相；火山作用从早到晚爆发指数逐渐增高,岩浆成分呈现从中基性向中酸性的转变。J3b火山岩相也以爆发相为主,喷溢相较少,但未见喷发间歇；依据火山岩相也可划分出五个喷发韵律,在每一韵律底部岩浆成分常为英安质或安山质,向上为流纹质：总体上J3b反映了喷溢-爆发相、爆发相相间的周期,具有由弱到强的反韵律特征。通过对C2P1bl2与J3b火山熔岩岩石地球化学特征的分析,表明二者成岩构造环境都为造山带环境。
综合区内各期次侵入岩、火山岩特征以及所反映的构造环境,对区内岩浆活动进行了总结,并以此与本区地史进行对照,阐述了构造演化史。本区在古生代有两套海槽沉积,分别是中晚奥陶世的陆源碎屑沉积和泥盆纪夹有火山碎屑的陆源碎屑沉积。石炭纪-二叠纪,古亚洲洋闭合以及华力西构造带形成,造成该时期一系列的岩浆活动,先后形成宝力高庙组沉积-火山岩地层与正长花岗岩侵入体。晚侏罗世,由于太平洋板块发生俯冲作用,在拉张环境下发生频繁岩浆活动,形成白音高老组火山岩与钠闪碱长花岗岩侵入体。
The northern Abaga Banner of Inner Mongolia is located in the northwest of the plate suture zone from Erlian to Hegenshan. In the Late Paleozoic, this region was in an accretion zone, which is a part of the southeast continental margin of the Siberian plate. In the Mesozoic, this region was located at west margin of the magmatic rock band of the Greater Khingan Mountains, which is a part of the Pacific Rim tectonic zone. The strata, intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks in the area are detailedly studied in this paper according to the regionally geological mapping of1:50000and measured geological section of1:5000, as well as the analyses of samples.
The stratigraphical units in this region are well emerged based on the regional geological mapping of1:50000. These strata are the Ordovician, the Devonian, the Carboniferous-Permian, the Jurassic, the Paleogene and the Neogene from old to new. The magmatic activities were mainly occurred in three periods, i.e. the Carboniferous-Permian, the Jurassic and the Pleistocene. Volcanic rocks are widely distributed and intrusive rocks are quite developed. The overall direction of structure line in this region is north-east-east. Faults are main geological structures, and folds are next.
According to the lithologic features and chemical composition, the intrusive rocks of northern Abaga Banner can be recognized to three types, i.e. syenite granite, alkali feldspar granite and granite porphyry. All of them are separate intrusive bodies. The diagenesis age of syenite granite is the Early Permian, while both of latter are the Late Jurassic. Furthermore, by analyzing contents of major elements and trace elements, syenite granite and alkali feldspar granite are characterized by A-type granite, while the granite porphyry is characterized by both A-and S-type granites. All of them were formed under the post-orogenic tectonic environment. The magmatic origin of these intrusive bodies is considered to be related with the partial melting of the continental crust metagreywacke.
In this paper, the volcanic rock types of the second member of the Baoligaomiao Formation (C7P1bl2) and the Baiyingaolao Formation (J3b) were studied, and stratigraphic profiles also were analysed. Moreover, the volcanic eruption cycle features were discovered during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and the Late Jurassic in this region. Volcanic lithofacies of C2P\bl2are mainly eruptive facies, secondarily effusive facies, and occasionally with some eruption discontinue. Based on volcanic lithofacies, five eruption rhythms can be recognized. From the lower part to upper part, every eruption rhythm is with a change which is from effusive facies to eruptive facies. These rocks are along with a gradual rising of the burst index, and a transforming of the composition of magma, i.e., basic to acidic. Volcanic lithofacies of J3b also are mainly eruptive facies and secondarily effusive facies, without discontinue. J3b also has five eruption rhythms according to the lithofacies. The composition of magma at the bottom of every eruption rhythm generally is dacitic or andesitic, and rhyolitic upwardly. As a whole, J3b reflects effusive-burst facies and burst facies cycle, and is with the abnormal rhythms, i.e. weak to strong. Besides, analyses of geochemical characteristics suggest that both C2P1bl2and J3b were formed under the orogenic tectonic environment.
The magmatic activities in this region were summarized based on the geologic features of intrusive rocks, volcanic rocks and geological tectonics. Furthermore, the tectonic evolution history in this region was explained on the basis of the combination of the geologic history of adjacent areas. In the Paleozoic, there were two ocean trough deposits in this region. One was formed by terrigenous detrital minerals during the Middle-Late Ordovician, and the other was formed by terrigenous material with a little tephra during the Devonian. During the Carboniferous-Permian, the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the building of tectonic zone of Variscan caused a series of magmatic events, and the Baoligaomiao Formation and the syenogranite intrusive body were come forth. In the Late Jurassic, frequent magmatic activities occurred in the stretch zones due to the subducation of the Pacific Plate, and the formation of J3b volcanic rocks and alkali feldspar granite were formed.
通过1:5万填图查明：本区地层出露比较齐全,由老到新有奥陶系、泥盆系、石炭-二叠系、侏罗系、古近系和新近系。岩浆活动主要发生在石炭纪-二叠纪、侏罗纪、更新世3个时期。火山岩分布广泛,侵入岩较为发育。总体构造线为北东东向,构造以断裂为主,褶皱为次。
区内侵入岩可根据岩性特征、化学成分划分为三类：正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩。三者均为独立岩体。其中正长花岗岩的成岩时代为早二叠世,后两者为晚侏罗世。通过对三类侵入岩体样品主微量元素地球化学特征的分析,表明正长花岗岩体、碱长花岗岩体都具有A型花岗岩的特征,花岗斑岩体兼具A型和S型花岗岩的特征。这三类侵入岩体均产于后造山构造环境,岩浆来源与陆壳变杂砂岩部分熔融有关。
对区内宝力高庙组二段(C2P1bl2)与白音高老组(J3b)的火山岩岩石类型开展了研究,并结合火山岩地层剖面进行了分析,总结了本区在晚石炭世-早二叠世、晚侏罗世两个时期的火山喷发旋回特征。C2P1bl2火山岩相以爆发相为主,喷溢相较少,存在喷发间歇；依据火山岩相可划分为五个喷发韵律,每一韵律由下向上均从溢流相变为喷发相；火山作用从早到晚爆发指数逐渐增高,岩浆成分呈现从中基性向中酸性的转变。J3b火山岩相也以爆发相为主,喷溢相较少,但未见喷发间歇；依据火山岩相也可划分出五个喷发韵律,在每一韵律底部岩浆成分常为英安质或安山质,向上为流纹质：总体上J3b反映了喷溢-爆发相、爆发相相间的周期,具有由弱到强的反韵律特征。通过对C2P1bl2与J3b火山熔岩岩石地球化学特征的分析,表明二者成岩构造环境都为造山带环境。
综合区内各期次侵入岩、火山岩特征以及所反映的构造环境,对区内岩浆活动进行了总结,并以此与本区地史进行对照,阐述了构造演化史。本区在古生代有两套海槽沉积,分别是中晚奥陶世的陆源碎屑沉积和泥盆纪夹有火山碎屑的陆源碎屑沉积。石炭纪-二叠纪,古亚洲洋闭合以及华力西构造带形成,造成该时期一系列的岩浆活动,先后形成宝力高庙组沉积-火山岩地层与正长花岗岩侵入体。晚侏罗世,由于太平洋板块发生俯冲作用,在拉张环境下发生频繁岩浆活动,形成白音高老组火山岩与钠闪碱长花岗岩侵入体。
The northern Abaga Banner of Inner Mongolia is located in the northwest of the plate suture zone from Erlian to Hegenshan. In the Late Paleozoic, this region was in an accretion zone, which is a part of the southeast continental margin of the Siberian plate. In the Mesozoic, this region was located at west margin of the magmatic rock band of the Greater Khingan Mountains, which is a part of the Pacific Rim tectonic zone. The strata, intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks in the area are detailedly studied in this paper according to the regionally geological mapping of1:50000and measured geological section of1:5000, as well as the analyses of samples.
The stratigraphical units in this region are well emerged based on the regional geological mapping of1:50000. These strata are the Ordovician, the Devonian, the Carboniferous-Permian, the Jurassic, the Paleogene and the Neogene from old to new. The magmatic activities were mainly occurred in three periods, i.e. the Carboniferous-Permian, the Jurassic and the Pleistocene. Volcanic rocks are widely distributed and intrusive rocks are quite developed. The overall direction of structure line in this region is north-east-east. Faults are main geological structures, and folds are next.
According to the lithologic features and chemical composition, the intrusive rocks of northern Abaga Banner can be recognized to three types, i.e. syenite granite, alkali feldspar granite and granite porphyry. All of them are separate intrusive bodies. The diagenesis age of syenite granite is the Early Permian, while both of latter are the Late Jurassic. Furthermore, by analyzing contents of major elements and trace elements, syenite granite and alkali feldspar granite are characterized by A-type granite, while the granite porphyry is characterized by both A-and S-type granites. All of them were formed under the post-orogenic tectonic environment. The magmatic origin of these intrusive bodies is considered to be related with the partial melting of the continental crust metagreywacke.
In this paper, the volcanic rock types of the second member of the Baoligaomiao Formation (C7P1bl2) and the Baiyingaolao Formation (J3b) were studied, and stratigraphic profiles also were analysed. Moreover, the volcanic eruption cycle features were discovered during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and the Late Jurassic in this region. Volcanic lithofacies of C2P\bl2are mainly eruptive facies, secondarily effusive facies, and occasionally with some eruption discontinue. Based on volcanic lithofacies, five eruption rhythms can be recognized. From the lower part to upper part, every eruption rhythm is with a change which is from effusive facies to eruptive facies. These rocks are along with a gradual rising of the burst index, and a transforming of the composition of magma, i.e., basic to acidic. Volcanic lithofacies of J3b also are mainly eruptive facies and secondarily effusive facies, without discontinue. J3b also has five eruption rhythms according to the lithofacies. The composition of magma at the bottom of every eruption rhythm generally is dacitic or andesitic, and rhyolitic upwardly. As a whole, J3b reflects effusive-burst facies and burst facies cycle, and is with the abnormal rhythms, i.e. weak to strong. Besides, analyses of geochemical characteristics suggest that both C2P1bl2and J3b were formed under the orogenic tectonic environment.
The magmatic activities in this region were summarized based on the geologic features of intrusive rocks, volcanic rocks and geological tectonics. Furthermore, the tectonic evolution history in this region was explained on the basis of the combination of the geologic history of adjacent areas. In the Paleozoic, there were two ocean trough deposits in this region. One was formed by terrigenous detrital minerals during the Middle-Late Ordovician, and the other was formed by terrigenous material with a little tephra during the Devonian. During the Carboniferous-Permian, the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the building of tectonic zone of Variscan caused a series of magmatic events, and the Baoligaomiao Formation and the syenogranite intrusive body were come forth. In the Late Jurassic, frequent magmatic activities occurred in the stretch zones due to the subducation of the Pacific Plate, and the formation of J3b volcanic rocks and alkali feldspar granite were formed.
引文
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