福建东南沿海地区三维形变场监测及动力学机制研究
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摘要
福建地区属于华南褶皱系武夷－戴云隆折带，该地区紧连环太平洋地震带，属于中国地震活动较活跃的地区之一。从板块构造角度看，福建地区位于亚欧板块的东南缘，地处太平洋板块（菲律宾板块）向亚欧板块俯冲、碰撞带的内侧。因受到太平洋板块（菲律宾板块）、亚欧板块运动的联合影响，在长期的构造演化环境下，福建地区的构造活动带不断变迁，地质构造活动极为复杂。特别是福建东南沿海地区受到来自几大板块相互碰撞产生的作用，如印度板块、太平洋板块、欧亚板块和菲律宾板块，这几大板块中，相互之间会因为不同的运动形式产生挤压作用、侧压作用和扩张等产生不同的板块作用。
具体来说，印度板块、欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块之间的相互作用，其中有来自菲律宾板块和太平洋板块向欧亚板块的挤压，以及在印度板块的挤压下青藏高原强烈隆起所派生的向东侧压以及冲绳海沟的扩张等联合作用。
大地测量学的快速发展，使得高精度和高稳定性的观测、大信息量的获取、快速准实时的信息处理成为可能，从而为地球动力学的定量研究，提供了极其重要的新手段，具有极其重要的意义。在地壳运动的三维形变监测方面，利用高精度的全球定位系统技术（GPS）、合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（InSAR）、甚长基线干涉测量技术（VIBL）、人卫测距技术（SLR）等现代大地测量手段，给出的对于地壳大范围长期变化、地壳运动时空密集的运动观测数据，这些形变数据都支持对于地球科学研究具有定量的作用。
利用大地测量手段获取大范围和时空密集的三维地壳形变场，对于地壳形变运动趋势的研究、深部动力学机制的推断是极为重要的。由于随着地学研究的进一步深入，地壳板块构造运动的特征、断层活动特性、构造应力场特征、断裂发震危险性评价等深部机制的研究成为重点。因此，结合大范围和时空密集的三维地壳形变场，利用地球物理反演、三维数值模拟等方法，多角度、多学科、多领域的深入研究引发地壳运动的地球内部动力学机制是当前地学研究的重要形式及热点。
近年来，地质学家对福建东南沿海及其邻近地区的运动进行了比较广泛的研究，尤其对相邻板块碰撞机制、地球动力学过程、地质构造深化规律和环境迁变这些运动进行了更为深入、全面的研究。通过对福建东南沿海地区运动性的研究，提出了研究对象在形变和相对运动、活动断裂地壳活动三者之间存在的动力关系。为该地区的地质学研究和地震研究提供了重要的数据凭证，为福建东南沿海地区大陆动力学的研究提供了很重要的理论指导，除此之外，还可以影响这个地区在数据模拟过程、运动动力学研究的进行。这些问题的探讨对于发展福建东南沿海地区地球科学理论、认识福建东南沿海地区构造运动、论述该地区在东南沿海地区内部构造变形机制、讨论推测环境变迁、防灾减灾这些方面都有着很现实的理论指导意义和现实应用价值。
本文以福建东南沿海地区三维形变场监测、特征分析以及其动力学机制为主要研究目标，在总结福建东南沿海地区地质构造特征、断层活动特性、地质钻孔勘察、地球物理勘探等资料的基础上，综合利用GPS、水准、InSAR等大地测量技术手段，对福建东南沿海地区块体活动趋势、内部形变特征、应力应变关系等进行细致研究比较；综合利用大地测量反演、三维数值模拟等处理技术，对其细部、深部特征进行进一步分析研究，综合区域外围的华南板块、台湾地区的地壳运动特征，提出合理的福建东南沿海地区深部构造机理，针对上述的研究目的，本文研究的主要内容及取得结论如下：
一、系统收集整理福建东南沿海地区的地质构造、物理探测、地壳形变资料，详细掌握该地质单元的演化规律及构造背景，并对福建东南沿海地区区域构造应力场与动力背景进行初步研究。地质资料表明：大型断裂系统对于区内运动的影响是不可忽视的，区内断裂构造是造成区内不均匀运动的重要原因。福建东南沿海的构造格局主要由北东向断裂带(长乐一诏安断裂带和滨海断裂带)和北西向断裂带(九龙江断裂带，晋江一永安断裂带，兴化湾断裂带和闽江断裂带)两组第四纪断裂带控制；在重心基准下(扣除块体内的整体运动)，区内地壳形变运动比较小，结果表明福建地区形变是南强北弱，东强西弱。
二、优化改造研究区域的现有地壳形变监测网络，设计GPS及水准监测方案，对城市群、国家重点项目所在区域进行重点布设，为研究区域的地壳三维形变场及城市规划提供依据。本章主要介绍了福建东南沿海地区现有水准、GPS监测网的成果，并对现今监测网络进行优化改造，并研究设计完善监测方案。大地测量数据表明：福建东南沿海地区现今表面运动的总体格局取决于周边大型构造块体的相对运动状态，从GPS资料分析处理结果来看，区内运动基本沿SE方向运动，且具有较强的整体一致性，同时又具分区变化特征，存在着差异运动。
三、在传统大地测量手段基础上，进一步研究了InSAR和D-InSAR技术获取大尺度、高精度垂直形变的技术可行性，论文重点探讨了SBAS-InSAR技术应用于福建东南沿海地区城市群地面沉降形变监测，采用最小二乘和小基线集的多基线距D-InSAR方法，采用多平台对获取的影像进行处理，将InSAR干涉数据与水准测量数据相结合，描述了福州盆地、泉州盆地及漳州盆地的沉降速率及其特征。InSAR技术获取福州盆地处于沉降状态，厦漳地区处于抬升状态，泉州地区升降不明显，这一结果与精密水准测量结果基本吻合。
四、根据地球表面监测到的形迹资料对地球内部的空间变化以及地球内部介质物理状态进行反推，这就是大地测量反演问题，在地球科学的研究体系中，占据着很重要的地位，大地测量学和地震学、地球物理学紧密结合、相互联系，并不是一个独立的学科，其中联合反演是地球物理数据分析的理想工具。论文结合多类数据联合反演断层参数，选用OKADA位错模型，利用该区域的GPS、水准、及部分InSAR成果，通过粒子群算法对断层的三维滑动速率进行反演，重点对长乐-诏安断裂带断层特性进行了分析。利用GPS、水准、InSAR等资料联合反演断层参数得出：断层运动速率较低，每年变化量仅1mm/a左右，从形成性质及特点来看，长安-诏安断裂带体现出以压性逆断为主要的运动方式，在形成受力方面成因相同，从运动速率来目的地，从南到北，速率依次变弱，南段层运动比北段大。
五、通常在地球物理和大地测量反演领域进行运用的方法有很多，其中较为重要的有有限元法，这种方法最根本的数值计算方法是变分原理和部分插值计算法，它可以将偏微分方程的求解问题由难变易，变成一个线性方程的求解过程。论文结合采用有限元方法，基于粘弹性本构关系，采用三维数值模拟得到应力应变场，进行了应力应变场数值模拟。利用三维粘弹性模型模拟：1）主压应力为主张应力的3～4倍，区域应力场主压应力方位为NW(NWW)-SE(SEE).在此应力场作用下， NE向断层呈压性运动， NW向断层呈张性运动。地壳运动速度和应力变化的规律，表明福建地区在地震发生时具有一定的特征：地震发生前后应力都会突然增加。积蓄弹性应变能。在地震发生时包括震后，应变能都会得到释放，最终基本恢复到原来的状态。2）长乐一诏安断裂带和滨海断裂带和北西向断裂带(九龙江断裂带，晋江一永安断裂带，兴化湾断裂带和闽江断裂带)附近应力较为集中，现今构造运动活跃，影响着周围区域的形变特征。
六、在获取了大地测量地壳运动监测的前提下，结合已经取得基础成果的基础上，论文在前面研究的基础上，分析研究了地壳形变的变形特征，推断地壳变形的原因，找出产生地壳变形的力源，研究了福建东南沿海地区地壳形变的动力学机制。区域构造动力学机制研究：控制东南部现代地壳应力场和地壳运动的主要力源是来自菲律宾板块和太平洋板块向欧亚板块的挤压，以及在印度板块的挤压下青藏高原强烈隆起所派生的向东侧压以及冲绳海沟的扩张等联合作用，这说明对于福建东南沿海及邻区而言，其现今地壳运动及区内形变状态是多种驱动力共同作用的结果。
The Fujian region belongs to Wuyi-Dai Yunlong fold in South China fold system which is closelyrelated with circum-pacific seismic belt. It is one of the regions with active seismic activities in China.From the aspect of Plate Tectonics, Fujian province is located in the south-east of Eurasian plate margin,lies in the subduction from Pacific plate (Philippine plate) to the Eurasian plate and the inside of thecollision zone. Due to the joint impact of the movement of the Pacific plate (Philippine plate) and Eurasianplate, under the environment of long-term tectonic evolution, tectonic activities in Fujian Province ischanging constantly with extremely complex tectonic activities. Especially southeast coastal areas ofFujian which comes from the interaction between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, the PacificPlate as well as the Philippine Plate. There are extrusions from the Philippine Plate and the Pacific Platetowards the Eurasian plate, and pressure to the east deprived by Tibetan Plateau intensive uplift under thepressure of Indian plate as well as the expansion of Okinawa trench and other joint effects.
The rapid development of geodesy allows the observations of high precision and high stability, accessto a large amount of information, and fast quasi-real-time information processing become possible, so as toprovide extremely important means for the quantitative study of geodynamics. It has an importantsignificance. In the three-dimensional deformation monitoring of crustal movement, Global PositioningSystem (GPS) of high-precision, Interferometry SAR (InSAR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VIBL),Artificial Satellite measurement technology (SLR) and other modern geodetic means are applied. Theobservation data of crustal Movement with intensive scope and time will become the basis of quantitativeresearch in the Earth Sciences.
Using the geodetic means to obtain intensive three-dimensional crustal deformation field in to a widerange of time and space is extremely important for the study of the movement trends of crustal deformationand deep dynamic mechanism inferred. However, with further in-depth studies, the characteristics of thecrustal plate tectonics, fault activity characteristics, tectonic stress field, risk evaluation of seismogenicfault and other in-depth research of intensive mechanism become the focus. Therefore, combined withlarge-scale and intensive space-time three-dimensional crustal deformation field, use the geophysicalinversion, three-dimensional numerical simulation methods as well as other methods to research on theinternal dynamics mechanism triggering the crustal movements in multi-angle, multi-disciplinary andmulti-field is the main form of the current Geo-studies.
In recent years, the law of motion on the southeast coast in Fujian and its neighboring regions,adjacent plate collision mechanism, rules of tectonic evolution, geodynamic processes, and influence ofenvironmental transitions has been a hot research topic in the field of Earth Sciences. Through the study ofthe motion characteristics of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, it reveals the dynamic relationshipbetween the relative motion and deformation of the region with the active fault zone activities and provide important information for the earthquake prediction of southeast coastal areas in Fujian and study ofcontinental dynamics basis, which has a far-reaching significance for the establishment of numericalsimulation in this area and motion dynamics model, as well as providing an important basis for thecontinental dynamics research in this region. Discussion on these issues has important scientific andpractical significance for the development of the theory of Earth Sciences in the southeast coastal areas ofFujian, understanding the tectonic movement in southeast coastal areas of Fujian, demonstrating theinternal structure and mechanism of deformation of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, analyzing andpredicting environmental change and disaster prevention as well as reduction.
This paper focuses on the analysis of three-dimensional deformation field characteristics and itsdynamic mechanism of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, based on the summary of the geologicalstructure of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, fault activity characteristics, geological drilling survey,geophysical exploration data and other information, comprehensively use GPS, standards, InSAR and othergeodetic technical means to conduct careful research and comparison on activity trends, internaldeformation characteristics, stress-strain relations in the southeast coastal areas of Fujian block;comprehensively utilize geodetic inversion processing, three-dimensional numerical simulation and otherprocessing techniques for further analysis of its detail, deep features; and propose a reasonable mechanismof the deep structure of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian combined with the crustal movementcharacteristics of integrated regional peripheral South China plate and Taiwan region. In accordance withthe above purposes, main content and conclusions of this study include:
1. A systematic collection of geological structure, physical exploration and crustal deformation data ofthe southeast coastal areas of Fujian, to master the geological unit evolution and tectonic settings, andconduct a preliminary study on the southeast coastal areas in Fujian regional tectonic and dynamicbackground. Geological data show that impact of large fracture system movement on which cannot beignored, the faults developed in the region is the important reasons for the uneven movement. Fujiansoutheast coastal structure pattern is mainly composed of north east towards fault zone (Changle-Zhaoanfault zone and coastal fault zone) and north west fault zone (Jiulong River fault zone, Jinjiang-Yongan faultzone, Xinghua Bay fault zone and Minjiang Fault zone), controlled by two groups and the quaternary faultzone; in the center of gravity datum (apart from the whole movement in the block), the crustal deformationmotion is small, and the results show that Fujian weak in the North and strong in the south, as well as weakin the west and strong in the south.
2. Optimization and transformation of the existing crustal deformation monitoring network, designGPS and leveling scheme for layout of the urban agglomeration and national key project areas, so as toprovide evidence for the earth's crust three dimensional deformation field and urban planning. This chaptermainly introduces the current level and GPS monitoring network results of Fujian southeast coastal areaand optimize as well as transform the current monitoring network, study and design the perfect monitoringscheme. Geodetic survey data show that the overall layout of existing surface movement depends on the surrounding large tectonic block relative motion state. From GPS data processing result, basic movementmoves along the SE direction, and has strong overall consistency while partition variation characteristics atthe same time. Differences movements are existed here.
3. On the basis of traditional geodetic survey means, further study the InSAR and D-InSARtechnology for large scale, high precision vertical deformation of technical feasibility. The paper discussesthe application of SBAS-InSAR technology on the urban agglomeration land subsidence deformationmonitoring of Fujian southeast coastal area. D-InSAR methods of least east squares and multi-baselinewith small base set is applied, and use multiple platform to obtain image processing, combined withmultiple platform to obtain image processing, to describe the deposition velocity and characteristics ofFuzhou Basin, Quanzhou Basin and Zhangzhou Basin. Fuzhou basin acquired by InSAR technology is insedimentation condition, the Xiazhang region is in lifting state, while the Quanzhou area lifting is notobvious.
4. Geodetic inversion problem is one of the core problems in in-depth survey of geodesy discipline,using the earth's surface observed deformation material to speculate space change of the earth's interiormedium physical state and evolution, it combines with seismology, earth physics and other subjects instudying earth dynamics and geophysical deep structure details the earth internal dynamic process andphysical property characteristics, its joint inversion is the most ideal tool for the geophysical data analysis.The thesis combines many kinds of data joint inversion fault parameters, applies dislocation model and theregional GPS and leveling as well as part of the InSAR results for fault of three dimensional slidingvelocity inversions through the particle swarm algorithm, and focused on analyzing fault characteristics ofChangle-Zhaoan fault zone. Joint inversion fault parameters obtained by using GPS, level, InSAR andother information are: fault movement rate is low, which changes only about1mm/a every year. Activitiesof Changle-Zhaoan fault zone are mainly compressional reverse rupture; forces of various parts of the faultzone are basically the same. The movement rate on the south of Changle-Zhaoan fault zone is high withstrong reverse fault activity; the middle part is weaker, and weakest in the north. The fault movement ofsouth section is larger than the north movement.
5. The finite element method is widely used in earth science especially in geophysical and geodeticinversion field. The finite element method is a numerical calculation method based on variation calculusand split interpolation. It turns a problem of solving complex partial differential equation into thecalculating problem of Linear Equations. This paper used finite element method, and applies threedimensional numerical simulations to get stress strain field based on the viscoelastic constitutiverelationship for the numerical simulation of the stress strain field. Use three dimensional viscoelastic modelsimulation:1) the principal compressive stress is3-4times as principal tension, location of regional is NW(NWW)-SE (SEE). Under the action of this stress field, NE shows compressive movements towards faultzone, NW presents tension movement towards fault zone.2) Stress near (Changle-Zhaoan fault zone andcoastal fault zone) and North West fault zone (Jiu-long River fault zone, Jinjiang-Yongan fault zone, Xinghua Bay fault zone and Minjiang fault zone) are relatively concentrated and now active tectonicmovement affects the deformation characteristics of surrounding area.
6. With the support of the acquisition of monitoring the earth measurement crustal movement, and onthe basis of understanding research regional geological tectonic characteristics, the paper analyzes thedeformation characteristics of combined with the above research results with inference of the cause of thecrustal deformation, and find out the force source of earth's crust deformation, and studies the dynamicsmechanism of crustal deformation in Fujian southeast coastal area. Research on regional tectonic dynamicsmechanism: for Fujian southeast coastal and its adjacent area, the present crustal movement and thedeformation state is the result of many kinds of driving force: main force source of controlling southeastmodern crustal stress field and tectonic movement originate from the extrusion from Philippine plate andthe Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate, and the Pressure towards east derived from the Tibetan Plateauintensive uplift under Indian plate extrusion and Okinawa trench expansion as well as other joint action.
具体来说，印度板块、欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块之间的相互作用，其中有来自菲律宾板块和太平洋板块向欧亚板块的挤压，以及在印度板块的挤压下青藏高原强烈隆起所派生的向东侧压以及冲绳海沟的扩张等联合作用。
大地测量学的快速发展，使得高精度和高稳定性的观测、大信息量的获取、快速准实时的信息处理成为可能，从而为地球动力学的定量研究，提供了极其重要的新手段，具有极其重要的意义。在地壳运动的三维形变监测方面，利用高精度的全球定位系统技术（GPS）、合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（InSAR）、甚长基线干涉测量技术（VIBL）、人卫测距技术（SLR）等现代大地测量手段，给出的对于地壳大范围长期变化、地壳运动时空密集的运动观测数据，这些形变数据都支持对于地球科学研究具有定量的作用。
利用大地测量手段获取大范围和时空密集的三维地壳形变场，对于地壳形变运动趋势的研究、深部动力学机制的推断是极为重要的。由于随着地学研究的进一步深入，地壳板块构造运动的特征、断层活动特性、构造应力场特征、断裂发震危险性评价等深部机制的研究成为重点。因此，结合大范围和时空密集的三维地壳形变场，利用地球物理反演、三维数值模拟等方法，多角度、多学科、多领域的深入研究引发地壳运动的地球内部动力学机制是当前地学研究的重要形式及热点。
近年来，地质学家对福建东南沿海及其邻近地区的运动进行了比较广泛的研究，尤其对相邻板块碰撞机制、地球动力学过程、地质构造深化规律和环境迁变这些运动进行了更为深入、全面的研究。通过对福建东南沿海地区运动性的研究，提出了研究对象在形变和相对运动、活动断裂地壳活动三者之间存在的动力关系。为该地区的地质学研究和地震研究提供了重要的数据凭证，为福建东南沿海地区大陆动力学的研究提供了很重要的理论指导，除此之外，还可以影响这个地区在数据模拟过程、运动动力学研究的进行。这些问题的探讨对于发展福建东南沿海地区地球科学理论、认识福建东南沿海地区构造运动、论述该地区在东南沿海地区内部构造变形机制、讨论推测环境变迁、防灾减灾这些方面都有着很现实的理论指导意义和现实应用价值。
本文以福建东南沿海地区三维形变场监测、特征分析以及其动力学机制为主要研究目标，在总结福建东南沿海地区地质构造特征、断层活动特性、地质钻孔勘察、地球物理勘探等资料的基础上，综合利用GPS、水准、InSAR等大地测量技术手段，对福建东南沿海地区块体活动趋势、内部形变特征、应力应变关系等进行细致研究比较；综合利用大地测量反演、三维数值模拟等处理技术，对其细部、深部特征进行进一步分析研究，综合区域外围的华南板块、台湾地区的地壳运动特征，提出合理的福建东南沿海地区深部构造机理，针对上述的研究目的，本文研究的主要内容及取得结论如下：
一、系统收集整理福建东南沿海地区的地质构造、物理探测、地壳形变资料，详细掌握该地质单元的演化规律及构造背景，并对福建东南沿海地区区域构造应力场与动力背景进行初步研究。地质资料表明：大型断裂系统对于区内运动的影响是不可忽视的，区内断裂构造是造成区内不均匀运动的重要原因。福建东南沿海的构造格局主要由北东向断裂带(长乐一诏安断裂带和滨海断裂带)和北西向断裂带(九龙江断裂带，晋江一永安断裂带，兴化湾断裂带和闽江断裂带)两组第四纪断裂带控制；在重心基准下(扣除块体内的整体运动)，区内地壳形变运动比较小，结果表明福建地区形变是南强北弱，东强西弱。
二、优化改造研究区域的现有地壳形变监测网络，设计GPS及水准监测方案，对城市群、国家重点项目所在区域进行重点布设，为研究区域的地壳三维形变场及城市规划提供依据。本章主要介绍了福建东南沿海地区现有水准、GPS监测网的成果，并对现今监测网络进行优化改造，并研究设计完善监测方案。大地测量数据表明：福建东南沿海地区现今表面运动的总体格局取决于周边大型构造块体的相对运动状态，从GPS资料分析处理结果来看，区内运动基本沿SE方向运动，且具有较强的整体一致性，同时又具分区变化特征，存在着差异运动。
三、在传统大地测量手段基础上，进一步研究了InSAR和D-InSAR技术获取大尺度、高精度垂直形变的技术可行性，论文重点探讨了SBAS-InSAR技术应用于福建东南沿海地区城市群地面沉降形变监测，采用最小二乘和小基线集的多基线距D-InSAR方法，采用多平台对获取的影像进行处理，将InSAR干涉数据与水准测量数据相结合，描述了福州盆地、泉州盆地及漳州盆地的沉降速率及其特征。InSAR技术获取福州盆地处于沉降状态，厦漳地区处于抬升状态，泉州地区升降不明显，这一结果与精密水准测量结果基本吻合。
四、根据地球表面监测到的形迹资料对地球内部的空间变化以及地球内部介质物理状态进行反推，这就是大地测量反演问题，在地球科学的研究体系中，占据着很重要的地位，大地测量学和地震学、地球物理学紧密结合、相互联系，并不是一个独立的学科，其中联合反演是地球物理数据分析的理想工具。论文结合多类数据联合反演断层参数，选用OKADA位错模型，利用该区域的GPS、水准、及部分InSAR成果，通过粒子群算法对断层的三维滑动速率进行反演，重点对长乐-诏安断裂带断层特性进行了分析。利用GPS、水准、InSAR等资料联合反演断层参数得出：断层运动速率较低，每年变化量仅1mm/a左右，从形成性质及特点来看，长安-诏安断裂带体现出以压性逆断为主要的运动方式，在形成受力方面成因相同，从运动速率来目的地，从南到北，速率依次变弱，南段层运动比北段大。
五、通常在地球物理和大地测量反演领域进行运用的方法有很多，其中较为重要的有有限元法，这种方法最根本的数值计算方法是变分原理和部分插值计算法，它可以将偏微分方程的求解问题由难变易，变成一个线性方程的求解过程。论文结合采用有限元方法，基于粘弹性本构关系，采用三维数值模拟得到应力应变场，进行了应力应变场数值模拟。利用三维粘弹性模型模拟：1）主压应力为主张应力的3～4倍，区域应力场主压应力方位为NW(NWW)-SE(SEE).在此应力场作用下， NE向断层呈压性运动， NW向断层呈张性运动。地壳运动速度和应力变化的规律，表明福建地区在地震发生时具有一定的特征：地震发生前后应力都会突然增加。积蓄弹性应变能。在地震发生时包括震后，应变能都会得到释放，最终基本恢复到原来的状态。2）长乐一诏安断裂带和滨海断裂带和北西向断裂带(九龙江断裂带，晋江一永安断裂带，兴化湾断裂带和闽江断裂带)附近应力较为集中，现今构造运动活跃，影响着周围区域的形变特征。
六、在获取了大地测量地壳运动监测的前提下，结合已经取得基础成果的基础上，论文在前面研究的基础上，分析研究了地壳形变的变形特征，推断地壳变形的原因，找出产生地壳变形的力源，研究了福建东南沿海地区地壳形变的动力学机制。区域构造动力学机制研究：控制东南部现代地壳应力场和地壳运动的主要力源是来自菲律宾板块和太平洋板块向欧亚板块的挤压，以及在印度板块的挤压下青藏高原强烈隆起所派生的向东侧压以及冲绳海沟的扩张等联合作用，这说明对于福建东南沿海及邻区而言，其现今地壳运动及区内形变状态是多种驱动力共同作用的结果。
The Fujian region belongs to Wuyi-Dai Yunlong fold in South China fold system which is closelyrelated with circum-pacific seismic belt. It is one of the regions with active seismic activities in China.From the aspect of Plate Tectonics, Fujian province is located in the south-east of Eurasian plate margin,lies in the subduction from Pacific plate (Philippine plate) to the Eurasian plate and the inside of thecollision zone. Due to the joint impact of the movement of the Pacific plate (Philippine plate) and Eurasianplate, under the environment of long-term tectonic evolution, tectonic activities in Fujian Province ischanging constantly with extremely complex tectonic activities. Especially southeast coastal areas ofFujian which comes from the interaction between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, the PacificPlate as well as the Philippine Plate. There are extrusions from the Philippine Plate and the Pacific Platetowards the Eurasian plate, and pressure to the east deprived by Tibetan Plateau intensive uplift under thepressure of Indian plate as well as the expansion of Okinawa trench and other joint effects.
The rapid development of geodesy allows the observations of high precision and high stability, accessto a large amount of information, and fast quasi-real-time information processing become possible, so as toprovide extremely important means for the quantitative study of geodynamics. It has an importantsignificance. In the three-dimensional deformation monitoring of crustal movement, Global PositioningSystem (GPS) of high-precision, Interferometry SAR (InSAR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VIBL),Artificial Satellite measurement technology (SLR) and other modern geodetic means are applied. Theobservation data of crustal Movement with intensive scope and time will become the basis of quantitativeresearch in the Earth Sciences.
Using the geodetic means to obtain intensive three-dimensional crustal deformation field in to a widerange of time and space is extremely important for the study of the movement trends of crustal deformationand deep dynamic mechanism inferred. However, with further in-depth studies, the characteristics of thecrustal plate tectonics, fault activity characteristics, tectonic stress field, risk evaluation of seismogenicfault and other in-depth research of intensive mechanism become the focus. Therefore, combined withlarge-scale and intensive space-time three-dimensional crustal deformation field, use the geophysicalinversion, three-dimensional numerical simulation methods as well as other methods to research on theinternal dynamics mechanism triggering the crustal movements in multi-angle, multi-disciplinary andmulti-field is the main form of the current Geo-studies.
In recent years, the law of motion on the southeast coast in Fujian and its neighboring regions,adjacent plate collision mechanism, rules of tectonic evolution, geodynamic processes, and influence ofenvironmental transitions has been a hot research topic in the field of Earth Sciences. Through the study ofthe motion characteristics of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, it reveals the dynamic relationshipbetween the relative motion and deformation of the region with the active fault zone activities and provide important information for the earthquake prediction of southeast coastal areas in Fujian and study ofcontinental dynamics basis, which has a far-reaching significance for the establishment of numericalsimulation in this area and motion dynamics model, as well as providing an important basis for thecontinental dynamics research in this region. Discussion on these issues has important scientific andpractical significance for the development of the theory of Earth Sciences in the southeast coastal areas ofFujian, understanding the tectonic movement in southeast coastal areas of Fujian, demonstrating theinternal structure and mechanism of deformation of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, analyzing andpredicting environmental change and disaster prevention as well as reduction.
This paper focuses on the analysis of three-dimensional deformation field characteristics and itsdynamic mechanism of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, based on the summary of the geologicalstructure of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian, fault activity characteristics, geological drilling survey,geophysical exploration data and other information, comprehensively use GPS, standards, InSAR and othergeodetic technical means to conduct careful research and comparison on activity trends, internaldeformation characteristics, stress-strain relations in the southeast coastal areas of Fujian block;comprehensively utilize geodetic inversion processing, three-dimensional numerical simulation and otherprocessing techniques for further analysis of its detail, deep features; and propose a reasonable mechanismof the deep structure of the southeast coastal areas in Fujian combined with the crustal movementcharacteristics of integrated regional peripheral South China plate and Taiwan region. In accordance withthe above purposes, main content and conclusions of this study include:
1. A systematic collection of geological structure, physical exploration and crustal deformation data ofthe southeast coastal areas of Fujian, to master the geological unit evolution and tectonic settings, andconduct a preliminary study on the southeast coastal areas in Fujian regional tectonic and dynamicbackground. Geological data show that impact of large fracture system movement on which cannot beignored, the faults developed in the region is the important reasons for the uneven movement. Fujiansoutheast coastal structure pattern is mainly composed of north east towards fault zone (Changle-Zhaoanfault zone and coastal fault zone) and north west fault zone (Jiulong River fault zone, Jinjiang-Yongan faultzone, Xinghua Bay fault zone and Minjiang Fault zone), controlled by two groups and the quaternary faultzone; in the center of gravity datum (apart from the whole movement in the block), the crustal deformationmotion is small, and the results show that Fujian weak in the North and strong in the south, as well as weakin the west and strong in the south.
2. Optimization and transformation of the existing crustal deformation monitoring network, designGPS and leveling scheme for layout of the urban agglomeration and national key project areas, so as toprovide evidence for the earth's crust three dimensional deformation field and urban planning. This chaptermainly introduces the current level and GPS monitoring network results of Fujian southeast coastal areaand optimize as well as transform the current monitoring network, study and design the perfect monitoringscheme. Geodetic survey data show that the overall layout of existing surface movement depends on the surrounding large tectonic block relative motion state. From GPS data processing result, basic movementmoves along the SE direction, and has strong overall consistency while partition variation characteristics atthe same time. Differences movements are existed here.
3. On the basis of traditional geodetic survey means, further study the InSAR and D-InSARtechnology for large scale, high precision vertical deformation of technical feasibility. The paper discussesthe application of SBAS-InSAR technology on the urban agglomeration land subsidence deformationmonitoring of Fujian southeast coastal area. D-InSAR methods of least east squares and multi-baselinewith small base set is applied, and use multiple platform to obtain image processing, combined withmultiple platform to obtain image processing, to describe the deposition velocity and characteristics ofFuzhou Basin, Quanzhou Basin and Zhangzhou Basin. Fuzhou basin acquired by InSAR technology is insedimentation condition, the Xiazhang region is in lifting state, while the Quanzhou area lifting is notobvious.
4. Geodetic inversion problem is one of the core problems in in-depth survey of geodesy discipline,using the earth's surface observed deformation material to speculate space change of the earth's interiormedium physical state and evolution, it combines with seismology, earth physics and other subjects instudying earth dynamics and geophysical deep structure details the earth internal dynamic process andphysical property characteristics, its joint inversion is the most ideal tool for the geophysical data analysis.The thesis combines many kinds of data joint inversion fault parameters, applies dislocation model and theregional GPS and leveling as well as part of the InSAR results for fault of three dimensional slidingvelocity inversions through the particle swarm algorithm, and focused on analyzing fault characteristics ofChangle-Zhaoan fault zone. Joint inversion fault parameters obtained by using GPS, level, InSAR andother information are: fault movement rate is low, which changes only about1mm/a every year. Activitiesof Changle-Zhaoan fault zone are mainly compressional reverse rupture; forces of various parts of the faultzone are basically the same. The movement rate on the south of Changle-Zhaoan fault zone is high withstrong reverse fault activity; the middle part is weaker, and weakest in the north. The fault movement ofsouth section is larger than the north movement.
5. The finite element method is widely used in earth science especially in geophysical and geodeticinversion field. The finite element method is a numerical calculation method based on variation calculusand split interpolation. It turns a problem of solving complex partial differential equation into thecalculating problem of Linear Equations. This paper used finite element method, and applies threedimensional numerical simulations to get stress strain field based on the viscoelastic constitutiverelationship for the numerical simulation of the stress strain field. Use three dimensional viscoelastic modelsimulation:1) the principal compressive stress is3-4times as principal tension, location of regional is NW(NWW)-SE (SEE). Under the action of this stress field, NE shows compressive movements towards faultzone, NW presents tension movement towards fault zone.2) Stress near (Changle-Zhaoan fault zone andcoastal fault zone) and North West fault zone (Jiu-long River fault zone, Jinjiang-Yongan fault zone, Xinghua Bay fault zone and Minjiang fault zone) are relatively concentrated and now active tectonicmovement affects the deformation characteristics of surrounding area.
6. With the support of the acquisition of monitoring the earth measurement crustal movement, and onthe basis of understanding research regional geological tectonic characteristics, the paper analyzes thedeformation characteristics of combined with the above research results with inference of the cause of thecrustal deformation, and find out the force source of earth's crust deformation, and studies the dynamicsmechanism of crustal deformation in Fujian southeast coastal area. Research on regional tectonic dynamicsmechanism: for Fujian southeast coastal and its adjacent area, the present crustal movement and thedeformation state is the result of many kinds of driving force: main force source of controlling southeastmodern crustal stress field and tectonic movement originate from the extrusion from Philippine plate andthe Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate, and the Pressure towards east derived from the Tibetan Plateauintensive uplift under Indian plate extrusion and Okinawa trench expansion as well as other joint action.
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