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基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系研究
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摘要
在以创新为特征的现代经济社会,企业在创新方面的竞争日趋激烈,工艺创新逐渐被视为制造业企业最重要的竞争优势之一,工艺创新能力已成为制造业企业建立核心竞争力的必备能力之一,是制造业企业在市场中取得和保持竞争优势的基础和保证。伴随着信息技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,先进的生产技术和信息系统在企业中的作用与日俱增,信息化改变了工艺创新模式,重构了工艺创新过程,对制造业企业工艺创新产生了深远影响。信息化与工艺创新的组合,进一步促进了企业降低成本、提高生产效率、降低能耗、减少环境污染,推动了企业工艺创新的进展。因此,本文从全新的视角,对基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系进行研究,以期为我国制造业企业创新建设提供理论参考和实践借鉴。
     本文回顾了制造业企业信息化和工艺创新能力的相关研究,主要针对基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系的构建展开。为此,本文对制造业企业信息化相关含义进行概括,明确了制造业企业信息化的内容、特征、功能,并建立了制造业企业信息化水平测度框架。在此基础上,针对制造业企业信息化的特点,依据测度指标体系的设计思路和构建原则,提出了由企业人员信息化水平、产品研发信息化水平、生产制造信息化水平、经营管理信息化水平、企业商务信息化水平和企业信息化基础建设水平所组成的制造业企业信息化水平测度指标体系。考虑到单纯运用主观或客观赋权方法都难以做到准确和全面,提出了基于组合赋权的信息化水平指数测度模型。
     在企业信息化和工艺创新能力相关理论研究的基础上,本文展开了对基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系构建的研究。从工艺创新要素和工艺创新模式两个角度,剖析了制造业企业信息化水平对工艺创新能力的影响机理。在此基础上,分析了基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力路径形成动因、路径形成过程,提出了内生型模式和外生型模式两种工艺创新能力路径形成模式,提出了基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力形成路径模型,为工艺创新能力体系构建提供了理论基础。
     本文结合制造业企业工艺过程的特点和实际情况,以上述理论分析为基础,从静态的角度构建了基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系,包括工艺创新基础能力、工艺创新投入能力、工艺创新实施能力和工艺创新产出能力,并对其运行特征进行了分析。同时,从动态的角度对企业工艺创新能力体系要素之间的相互作用关系进行分析,从动力机制、决策机制和激励机制等三个方面对工艺创新能力体系的运行机制分别展开研究,探究了工艺创新能力体系的运行方式和机理。
     依据构建的工艺创新能力体系,分析了工艺创新能力体系运行效果评价的意义和目的,提出了工艺创新能力体系运行效果评价的构建原则;据此建立了一套基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系运行效果评价体系;选择模糊神经网络综合评价模型作为工艺创新能力体系运行效果评价方法;提出了工艺创新能力体系运行效果的模糊神经网络综合评价模型;并应用于哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司工艺创新能力体系运行效果评价实证中,使理论与实践密切结合。依据评价结果,提出了进一步提升我国制造业企业工艺创新能力的对策建议。
     本文对基于信息化水平的制造业企业工艺创新能力体系问题做了比较全面、深入的研究,为正确认识制造业企业信息化和工艺创新能力之间的关系、工艺创新能力体系构成要素之间的关系提供有效的理论依据,同时也为相关部门科学决策和制定政策法规提供重要的参考。
In the modern economic society characterized by innovation, competitionsamong enterprises are becoming increasingly fierce in innovation. In sorts ofinnovations, process innovation is gradually seen as one of the most importantcompetitive advantages for manufacturing enterprises as well as one of the corecompetitive capabilities for enterprises to achieve and keep competitiveadvantages continuously. With the rapid development and wide application ofinformation technology, the advanced production technology and informationsystems on enterprise process innovation play a more and more important role.Information technology has a profound impact on process innovation withinmanufacturing enterprises, for it has changed process innovation model andreconstructed the process of process innovation. The combination of informationtechnology and process innovation could further promote the enterprises toimprove productivity, reduce costs, energy consumption, pollution as well,promoting the progress of business process innovation. Therefore, thisdissertation from a new perspective, studies the system of process innovationcapability for manufacturing enterprises based on informatization level with aview to provide a theoretical reference and practice drawing for the constructionof China’s manufacturing enterprises.
     This dissertation reviews the relevant researches on the informatizationsystem also the process innovation capability for manufacturing enterprise andmainly analyses process innovation capability and the construction of processinnovation capability system for manufacturing enterprise based oninformatization level. Therefore, the dissertation concludes the relevantdefinitions of informatization, clarifying the contents, features and functions, while establishing a framework on informatization level. With an accordanceabove, in terms of the features of informatization of enterprises, it puts forwardthe measurement system for manufacturing enterprise informatization levelconsisted of enterprise personnel informatization, product R&D informatization,manufacturing informatization, management and operation informatization,enterprise commerce informatization, and enterprise informatizationinfrastructure. Concerning it hardly being accurate and round by purely usingsubjective or impersonal weight method, an informatization level index modelbased on combined weights is figured out.
     On the basis of the relevant theoretical researches on enterprisesinformatization and process innovation capability, the dissertation makesresearch on building the system of process innovation capability formanufacturing enterprise and analyses their influence mechanism both fromprocess innovation elements and process innovation modes. Then from thisperspective, it analyses the motivation and process of path formation of processinnovation capability for manufacturing enterprise based on informatization level,builds endogenous-type and exophytic-type mode of path formation andgenerates the path formation model of process innovation capability formanufacturing enterprise based on informatization level, providing theoreticalbasis for the formation of process innovation capacity system.
     On the basis of the above theoretical analysis and combined withcharacteristic and actual condition of manufacturing enterprise process course,from the static perspective, the dissertation builds the system of processinnovation capability for manufacturing enterprise based on informatization level,including basic capability of process innovation, input capability of processinnovation, implementation capability of process innovation and outputcapability of process innovation and analyzes their characters. And at the sametime, it analyses the interaction mechanism of elements of process innovationcapability system from dynamic perspective. It is studied that the operatingmechanism from three factors including dynamic mechanism, decisionmechanism, and motivation mechanism among the member in the network.
     According to process innovation capability system for manufacturingenterprise based on informatization level, the dissertation analyzes the significance and purpose of the operation effect evaluation of process innovationcapability system and puts forward the construction principle of the operationeffect evaluation of process innovation capability system. Hereby, thedissertation builds the operation effect evaluation index system and evaluationmodel of process innovation capability system for manufacturing enterprisebased on informatization level. Fuzzy neural network comprehensive evaluationmodel is used as evaluation method of operation effect of process innovationcapability system. Then, fuzzy neural network comprehensive evaluation modelof operation effect of process innovation capability system is proposed, whichare applied into the operation effect evaluation empirical of process innovationcapability system in Harbin Boiler Company Limited, making connectionbetween theory and practice. And then, corresponding strategies are put forwardsto improve process innovation capability of China’s manufacturing enterprise.
     This dissertation makes a comprehensive and deep research on the system ofprocess innovation capacity for manufacturing enterprise based oninformatization level; provides theoretical basis to understand the relationshipbetween manufacturing enterprise informatization level and process innovationcapability and also makes contribution for the related departments to makescientific decisions and develop scientific policies and regulations.
引文
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