弦支叉筒网壳结构的理论分析与试验研究
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摘要
叉筒网壳结构是由若干组柱面网壳相贯而成的具有独特建筑造型的结构体系。传统的叉筒网壳结构变形和应力较为集中,对支座的水平推力较大,这些问题极大地限制了其工程应用。为了改善叉筒网壳结构的受力性能,发挥叉筒网壳结构体系的造型特点,本文首次提出了弦支叉筒网壳结构体系的概念,从理论和试验两个方面对这种新型结构体系进行了系统研究,并结合新兴的向量式有限元法进行了弦支叉筒网壳结构断索失效全过程分析。
第一章回顾了空间结构的发展历史、分类及其在国内的应用和发展,总结了弦支穹顶结构的研究现状,概括了结构分析的主要方法及其发展历史,介绍了本文的研究背景,明确了本文的研究内容。
第二章归纳和总结了弦支叉筒网壳结构体系的结构形式,根据网格划分、叉筒形体、网壳层数、平面形状和布索形式提出了五种不同的分类方法,并进一步讨论了叉筒网壳施加预应力的布索方式。提出预应力叉筒网壳结构作为空间结构单元进行组合扩展,建成大面积屋盖结构的构思和设想,尤其适用于现代火车站的大跨度无站台柱雨棚结构和多波多跨连续的工业厂房。
第三章以十二边形谷线式和脊线式弦支叉筒网壳为例,利用传统有限元软件ANSYS进行了结构静动力性能分析；并对谷线式弦支叉筒网壳的预应力水平、杆件截面、竖杆长度、矢跨比和倾角等主要参数进行了分析；比较了谷线式、脊线式弦支叉筒网壳和弦支穹顶等三种弦支网壳结构的静力性能。
第四章分别对谷线式和脊线式弦支叉筒网壳结构进行了稳定性能分析；并对谷线式弦支叉筒网壳的预应力水平、杆件截面、竖杆长度、矢跨比、倾角等主要参数进行了分析；讨论了材料非线性、缺陷分布及大小对弦支叉筒网壳稳定性能的影响；比较了谷线式、脊线式弦支叉筒网壳及弦支穹顶等三种弦支网壳结构的稳定性能。
第五章介绍了向量式有限元法的基本原理及其计算流程,给出了杆单元的内力计算公式,并通过瞬铰的数值算例验证其准确性；推导了预应力作为初始内力直接参与计算的预应力两点直线索单元及两点抛物线索单元的内力计算公式,通过数值算例验证了其正确性；论文将向量式有限元法推广应用于同时含有索、杆、梁单元的复杂空间结构的计算中,通过基于MATLAB的自编向量式有限元程序分析了谷线式弦支叉筒网壳结构的静力性能,并与ANSYS结果进行对比,验证了向量式有限元法在弦支叉筒网壳结构分析中的有效性。
第六章介绍了向量式有限元弹塑性材料模型及断裂模态的建立,并通过具体的数值算例验证了其可行性；利用向量式有限元在大变形、大位移等几何非线性分析中的优势,本文将其引入到弦支叉筒网壳的断索分析中得到了一些有用的结论。
第七章为了验证理论分析的正确性并进一步了解弦支叉筒网壳结构的静力性能,本文设计并制作了一个八边形谷线式弦支叉筒网壳结构模型,针对该模型进行了施工张拉模拟,全跨、半跨静力加载试验及断索(杆)试验,并对试验实测数据与理论分析结果进行了比较和分析。
第八章对本文研究内容进行了总结,并指出弦支叉筒网壳及向量式有限元法今后的研究方向。
The Latticed Intersected Cylindrical Shell(LICS) is made by some groups of cylindrical shell through intersection, which has unique architectural modeling. Some deficiencies may restrict its engineering application, such as the concentration of distortion and stress, the huge reaction of bearing. This thesis puts forward the concept of Suspended LICS(SLICS) to improve the mechanics properties of LICS, and carries out the theoretical and experimental research. At last, the cable rupture of SLICS is analyzed by the Vector Intrinsic Finite Element method which is a new approach to structural analysis.
The first chapter reviews the development, classification of spatial structure, as well as its application and development in China. The theory status of suspendome is summarized systematically. Furthermore the means of structural analysis and their history are generalized. The background and main contents of the thesis are introduced.
Chapter2summarizes the new SLICS structure, and gives five ways to classify. The methods to introduce prestress are studied. It proposes the composition and expansion of prestressed LICS which is regarded as the basic component. By this way. the structure can cover greater area, and adapt to railway station canopy or industrial building that is multi-wave and multi-span.
In chapter3, the static and dynamic properties of dodecagon valley style and ridge style SLICS are studied by ANSYS respectively. Besides, the effects of prestress level, shell member section, length of bar, rise-span ratio, and obliquity on static behaviors of SLICS are studied. The static properties of valley style SLICS, ridge style SLICS and suspendome are compared.
Chapter4conducts the nonlinear buckling analysis of the two style SLICS, as well as the parameter study including prestress level, shell member section, length of bar, rise-span ratio, obliquity. The effects of material nonlinearity and initial imperfection on the stability are studied also. At last, the stability properties of valley style SLICS, ridge style SLICS and suspendome are compared.
In chapter5, fundamentals and solution procedures of the Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element(VFIFE) method is summarized systematically. The formulas of rod element are introduced afterwards. Example of instantaneous hinge is given to prove the efficiency. The tensioned linear cable element and parabolic cable element are proposed and verified. The VFIFE is introduced to the analysis of complicated spatial structure with cable, bar and beam. The static behavior of valley style SLICS is studied by MATLAB program based on the VFIFE. And the results are compared with the ANSYS to prove the efficiency.
Chapter6introduces the foundation of elastoplastic material model and fracture mode. It is proved to be feasible through a specific numerical example. Because of the advantage of the VFIFE in nonlinear analysis just like large deformation and large displacement analysis, it is useful to cable rupture analysis. And some valuable conclusions are obtained at last.
In chapter7a SLICS model is designed for the validation of the mechanical behavior of the new structure. Experiments on prestress tensioning, loading in full-span and half-span, cable rupture are carried out. The results of theoretical and experimental research are compared.
The last chapter gives the summary and some future research topics.
第一章回顾了空间结构的发展历史、分类及其在国内的应用和发展,总结了弦支穹顶结构的研究现状,概括了结构分析的主要方法及其发展历史,介绍了本文的研究背景,明确了本文的研究内容。
第二章归纳和总结了弦支叉筒网壳结构体系的结构形式,根据网格划分、叉筒形体、网壳层数、平面形状和布索形式提出了五种不同的分类方法,并进一步讨论了叉筒网壳施加预应力的布索方式。提出预应力叉筒网壳结构作为空间结构单元进行组合扩展,建成大面积屋盖结构的构思和设想,尤其适用于现代火车站的大跨度无站台柱雨棚结构和多波多跨连续的工业厂房。
第三章以十二边形谷线式和脊线式弦支叉筒网壳为例,利用传统有限元软件ANSYS进行了结构静动力性能分析；并对谷线式弦支叉筒网壳的预应力水平、杆件截面、竖杆长度、矢跨比和倾角等主要参数进行了分析；比较了谷线式、脊线式弦支叉筒网壳和弦支穹顶等三种弦支网壳结构的静力性能。
第四章分别对谷线式和脊线式弦支叉筒网壳结构进行了稳定性能分析；并对谷线式弦支叉筒网壳的预应力水平、杆件截面、竖杆长度、矢跨比、倾角等主要参数进行了分析；讨论了材料非线性、缺陷分布及大小对弦支叉筒网壳稳定性能的影响；比较了谷线式、脊线式弦支叉筒网壳及弦支穹顶等三种弦支网壳结构的稳定性能。
第五章介绍了向量式有限元法的基本原理及其计算流程,给出了杆单元的内力计算公式,并通过瞬铰的数值算例验证其准确性；推导了预应力作为初始内力直接参与计算的预应力两点直线索单元及两点抛物线索单元的内力计算公式,通过数值算例验证了其正确性；论文将向量式有限元法推广应用于同时含有索、杆、梁单元的复杂空间结构的计算中,通过基于MATLAB的自编向量式有限元程序分析了谷线式弦支叉筒网壳结构的静力性能,并与ANSYS结果进行对比,验证了向量式有限元法在弦支叉筒网壳结构分析中的有效性。
第六章介绍了向量式有限元弹塑性材料模型及断裂模态的建立,并通过具体的数值算例验证了其可行性；利用向量式有限元在大变形、大位移等几何非线性分析中的优势,本文将其引入到弦支叉筒网壳的断索分析中得到了一些有用的结论。
第七章为了验证理论分析的正确性并进一步了解弦支叉筒网壳结构的静力性能,本文设计并制作了一个八边形谷线式弦支叉筒网壳结构模型,针对该模型进行了施工张拉模拟,全跨、半跨静力加载试验及断索(杆)试验,并对试验实测数据与理论分析结果进行了比较和分析。
第八章对本文研究内容进行了总结,并指出弦支叉筒网壳及向量式有限元法今后的研究方向。
The Latticed Intersected Cylindrical Shell(LICS) is made by some groups of cylindrical shell through intersection, which has unique architectural modeling. Some deficiencies may restrict its engineering application, such as the concentration of distortion and stress, the huge reaction of bearing. This thesis puts forward the concept of Suspended LICS(SLICS) to improve the mechanics properties of LICS, and carries out the theoretical and experimental research. At last, the cable rupture of SLICS is analyzed by the Vector Intrinsic Finite Element method which is a new approach to structural analysis.
The first chapter reviews the development, classification of spatial structure, as well as its application and development in China. The theory status of suspendome is summarized systematically. Furthermore the means of structural analysis and their history are generalized. The background and main contents of the thesis are introduced.
Chapter2summarizes the new SLICS structure, and gives five ways to classify. The methods to introduce prestress are studied. It proposes the composition and expansion of prestressed LICS which is regarded as the basic component. By this way. the structure can cover greater area, and adapt to railway station canopy or industrial building that is multi-wave and multi-span.
In chapter3, the static and dynamic properties of dodecagon valley style and ridge style SLICS are studied by ANSYS respectively. Besides, the effects of prestress level, shell member section, length of bar, rise-span ratio, and obliquity on static behaviors of SLICS are studied. The static properties of valley style SLICS, ridge style SLICS and suspendome are compared.
Chapter4conducts the nonlinear buckling analysis of the two style SLICS, as well as the parameter study including prestress level, shell member section, length of bar, rise-span ratio, obliquity. The effects of material nonlinearity and initial imperfection on the stability are studied also. At last, the stability properties of valley style SLICS, ridge style SLICS and suspendome are compared.
In chapter5, fundamentals and solution procedures of the Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element(VFIFE) method is summarized systematically. The formulas of rod element are introduced afterwards. Example of instantaneous hinge is given to prove the efficiency. The tensioned linear cable element and parabolic cable element are proposed and verified. The VFIFE is introduced to the analysis of complicated spatial structure with cable, bar and beam. The static behavior of valley style SLICS is studied by MATLAB program based on the VFIFE. And the results are compared with the ANSYS to prove the efficiency.
Chapter6introduces the foundation of elastoplastic material model and fracture mode. It is proved to be feasible through a specific numerical example. Because of the advantage of the VFIFE in nonlinear analysis just like large deformation and large displacement analysis, it is useful to cable rupture analysis. And some valuable conclusions are obtained at last.
In chapter7a SLICS model is designed for the validation of the mechanical behavior of the new structure. Experiments on prestress tensioning, loading in full-span and half-span, cable rupture are carried out. The results of theoretical and experimental research are compared.
The last chapter gives the summary and some future research topics.
引文
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