基于农业城市主义理论的规划思想与空间模式研究
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摘要
农业活动已经逐渐渗透到我国的城市中,但目前城市中的农业活动仍处于灰色地带,境遇尴尬；而在世界各国的城市规划建设中,普遍已经将农业视为有益的城市功能要素,将农业上升到城市空间公共政策的层面,开展农业与城市的关系研究,并出现了以农业的视角组织城市空间的城市规划思想。因此,有必要基于我国城市的特点对这种新的城市现象进行判断和研究,并进一步提出农业与城市联合的规划思想即农业城市主义,用以引导我国城市中的农业活动并形成新的城市空间模式。
研究遵循“研究预判——价值审视——内涵阐释——模式建构——实践检验”的逻辑。采用原境思考与自我审视结合的方法,通过资料分析、问卷调查、价值观审视,判断农业城市主义在我国的适用性；引入农业社会学理论阐释农业城市主义规划思想的内涵,并建构和实践农业城市主义的空间模式。
通过对资料的分析,指出对农业城市主义的关注度正在上升,农业城市主义正在成为城市规划新的研究领域,农业与城市的联合能够形成新型的闭合自循环城市发展模式。
通过价值观审视,认为农业城市主义的价值观是对城市规划核心价值观的有益补充,它包括农业与城市共生的目的导向,日常生活美学的审美导向,强调城市弱势群体的服务导向,分散微行动的建设模式导向四个方面。
引入农业社会学学科中的农业多功能性原理,阐释农业城市主义思想内涵：农业城市主义的目的——发挥城市中农业的多种功能实现农业与城市的共生；农业城市主义的实现途径——农业对城市的整合机制即联合生产和城市对农业的响应机制即公共物品供给。
建构基于农业城市主义理论的城市发展模式：农业与城市的空间联合形成有农的城市空间模式；农业与城市生态卫生系统的技术联合形成闭合的城市食物系统；农业参与主体的行为联合形成双向的多元参与机制。其中,空间联合是主体,技术联合、行为联合是支撑系统。从城市规划和城市设计两个层次分析农业在城市中可能的用地和空间：在控规的层次上确定农业的法定地位,分析农业与城市建设用地的相容性并提出控制指标体系；从城市尺度、社区尺度、建筑尺度和场所尺度分析农业在城市中可能的存在空间。提出包括嵌入提升和整合重构两种以社区为基本空间单元的农业与城市联合的空间模式,并以两个案例分别进行验证。
农业城市主义的研究是必要的,在空间上是可能的,在技术和参与机制上是可行的。在农业城市主义规划思想的引导下,能够形成农业与城市联合的新型城市空间模式。
Agricultural activities have gradually penetrated into the Chinese cities, but they are still in a gray area and face to the awkward situation. In contrast, agriculture has been treated as beneficial urban functional element and been elevated to the level of urban spatial public policy in many foreign countries. In the studies of the relationship between agriculture and city, the urban planning thoughts which organize urban space in the perpestive of agriculture emerged. Therefore, it is necessary to judge and study this new urban phenomenon based on the characteristics of Chinese cities, to guide agricultural activities in Chinese cities and form a new urban space pattern with the new planning thoughts of Agrarian Urbanism.
The research followed the logic of "research prognosis—values examining--connotation interpretation--mode construction—practice test". The applicability of Agrarian Urbanism in Chinese cities was judged by the method that combine the original habitat thinking and self-examination which include the data analysis, questionnaire survey and values examinging; the connotation of Agrarian Urbanism was explained based on the combination of agricultural sociology theory and the traditional urban planning theory, furthmore, the spatial mode of Agrarian Urbanism was constructed and practiced.
Through the analysis of materials, it was pointed out that the attention on Agrarian Urbanism is on the rise, Agrarian Urbanism is becoming a new research field of urban planning, the new closed circulation city can be built by the joint of agriculture and city.
Through the examination of the values, it was determined that the values of Agrarian Urbanism are useful complement to the core values of urban planning. The values of Agrarian Urbanism includes the purpose—the symbiosis of agriculture and city, the aesthetic orientation--everyday life aesthetic, the target polulation—urban vulnerable group, the construction mode--decentralized micro action.
Based on the theory of the agricultural sociological, the connotation of Agrarian Urbanism was explained which include the the target of Agrarian Urbanism--symbiosis of agriculture and city and the realization approach of Agrarian Urbanism—the mechanism about the impact of agriculture on the city and the the city's response to agriculture.
The urban spatial mode was constructed based on Agrarian Urbanism. The urban spatial mode combined with agricultural space was established through the spatial joint of agriculture and city; the closed urban food systems was established through the technical joint of agricultural technologh and urban ecological sanitation system technology; the two-way multiple planning participation mechanism was established through the behavior joint of multiple participating subjects. The spatial joint was supported by technical joint and behavior joint. The possible agricultural lands in urban planning and the possible agricultural spaces in urban design were pointed out; the legal status of urban agriculture was confirmed in the regulatory detailed palnning, the compatibility of the agricultural and urban land was analyzed and the controlling index system was proposed; embedded-upgrade agriculture-joint urban spatial mode and integrationg-reconstruction agriculture-joint urban spatial mode were put forward and validated by two cases.
The research on the Agrarian Urbanism is necessary. The urban agricultural space is available, the technology and the participation mechanism are feasible. The new agriculture-joint urban spatial mode can be formed under the guide of the Agrarian Urbanism.
研究遵循“研究预判——价值审视——内涵阐释——模式建构——实践检验”的逻辑。采用原境思考与自我审视结合的方法,通过资料分析、问卷调查、价值观审视,判断农业城市主义在我国的适用性；引入农业社会学理论阐释农业城市主义规划思想的内涵,并建构和实践农业城市主义的空间模式。
通过对资料的分析,指出对农业城市主义的关注度正在上升,农业城市主义正在成为城市规划新的研究领域,农业与城市的联合能够形成新型的闭合自循环城市发展模式。
通过价值观审视,认为农业城市主义的价值观是对城市规划核心价值观的有益补充,它包括农业与城市共生的目的导向,日常生活美学的审美导向,强调城市弱势群体的服务导向,分散微行动的建设模式导向四个方面。
引入农业社会学学科中的农业多功能性原理,阐释农业城市主义思想内涵：农业城市主义的目的——发挥城市中农业的多种功能实现农业与城市的共生；农业城市主义的实现途径——农业对城市的整合机制即联合生产和城市对农业的响应机制即公共物品供给。
建构基于农业城市主义理论的城市发展模式：农业与城市的空间联合形成有农的城市空间模式；农业与城市生态卫生系统的技术联合形成闭合的城市食物系统；农业参与主体的行为联合形成双向的多元参与机制。其中,空间联合是主体,技术联合、行为联合是支撑系统。从城市规划和城市设计两个层次分析农业在城市中可能的用地和空间：在控规的层次上确定农业的法定地位,分析农业与城市建设用地的相容性并提出控制指标体系；从城市尺度、社区尺度、建筑尺度和场所尺度分析农业在城市中可能的存在空间。提出包括嵌入提升和整合重构两种以社区为基本空间单元的农业与城市联合的空间模式,并以两个案例分别进行验证。
农业城市主义的研究是必要的,在空间上是可能的,在技术和参与机制上是可行的。在农业城市主义规划思想的引导下,能够形成农业与城市联合的新型城市空间模式。
Agricultural activities have gradually penetrated into the Chinese cities, but they are still in a gray area and face to the awkward situation. In contrast, agriculture has been treated as beneficial urban functional element and been elevated to the level of urban spatial public policy in many foreign countries. In the studies of the relationship between agriculture and city, the urban planning thoughts which organize urban space in the perpestive of agriculture emerged. Therefore, it is necessary to judge and study this new urban phenomenon based on the characteristics of Chinese cities, to guide agricultural activities in Chinese cities and form a new urban space pattern with the new planning thoughts of Agrarian Urbanism.
The research followed the logic of "research prognosis—values examining--connotation interpretation--mode construction—practice test". The applicability of Agrarian Urbanism in Chinese cities was judged by the method that combine the original habitat thinking and self-examination which include the data analysis, questionnaire survey and values examinging; the connotation of Agrarian Urbanism was explained based on the combination of agricultural sociology theory and the traditional urban planning theory, furthmore, the spatial mode of Agrarian Urbanism was constructed and practiced.
Through the analysis of materials, it was pointed out that the attention on Agrarian Urbanism is on the rise, Agrarian Urbanism is becoming a new research field of urban planning, the new closed circulation city can be built by the joint of agriculture and city.
Through the examination of the values, it was determined that the values of Agrarian Urbanism are useful complement to the core values of urban planning. The values of Agrarian Urbanism includes the purpose—the symbiosis of agriculture and city, the aesthetic orientation--everyday life aesthetic, the target polulation—urban vulnerable group, the construction mode--decentralized micro action.
Based on the theory of the agricultural sociological, the connotation of Agrarian Urbanism was explained which include the the target of Agrarian Urbanism--symbiosis of agriculture and city and the realization approach of Agrarian Urbanism—the mechanism about the impact of agriculture on the city and the the city's response to agriculture.
The urban spatial mode was constructed based on Agrarian Urbanism. The urban spatial mode combined with agricultural space was established through the spatial joint of agriculture and city; the closed urban food systems was established through the technical joint of agricultural technologh and urban ecological sanitation system technology; the two-way multiple planning participation mechanism was established through the behavior joint of multiple participating subjects. The spatial joint was supported by technical joint and behavior joint. The possible agricultural lands in urban planning and the possible agricultural spaces in urban design were pointed out; the legal status of urban agriculture was confirmed in the regulatory detailed palnning, the compatibility of the agricultural and urban land was analyzed and the controlling index system was proposed; embedded-upgrade agriculture-joint urban spatial mode and integrationg-reconstruction agriculture-joint urban spatial mode were put forward and validated by two cases.
The research on the Agrarian Urbanism is necessary. The urban agricultural space is available, the technology and the participation mechanism are feasible. The new agriculture-joint urban spatial mode can be formed under the guide of the Agrarian Urbanism.
引文
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