大炸高下聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能研究
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摘要
“聚能粉末粒子流”即是粉末药型罩在爆轰波的作用下压垮、变形,并在其轴线上形成的一束主要由众多的处于离散状态的金属粉末微粒所组成的聚能射流。与传统密实金属药型罩相比,粉末药型罩是离散粉末和孔隙的结合体,其所形成的射流具有微观离散不连续特性,导致聚能粉末粒子流的形成与侵彻机理与传统的聚能射流之间既有区别又有一定的联系。本学位论文即以此为背景,对聚能粉末粒子流的形成过程、侵彻机理及其关键影响因素展开分析与探讨。
以聚能粉末粒子流形成过程及其侵彻机理为基础,借助Birkhoff定常理论与格尼压垮速度公式给出了聚能粉末粒子流微元的速度估算公式,估算结果表明：(1)在药型罩材料的材料特性相对稳定的条件下,提高药型罩的材料密度有助于提高聚能粉末粒子流射流的侵彻性能；(2)在药型罩密度一定的条件下,药型罩有一相对理想的壁厚取值范围；(3)药型罩结构合理的条件下,其密度是影响聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的关键因素。
为研究粉末药型罩密度对聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响,借助Newton阻力定律,构建了聚能粉末粒子流的速度衰减模型,估算结果表明：(1)提高药型罩的密度有助于减缓聚能粉末粒子流的速度衰减；(2)提高药型罩的密度有助于提高聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能；(3)提高药型罩密度有助于提高其有效侵彻距离,即提高其大炸高下的侵彻效能。
以提高粉末药型罩的密度为目的,在成型装药相关参数、综合性能与粉末药型罩的压制工艺、相关参数相对稳定的条件下,对材料配比、材料颗粒度以及烧结温度对粉末药型罩的密度和聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响进行试验研究,结果表明：(1)增加钨粉的含量,可有效提高药型罩的平均密度,但其比例与烧结温度有一定关系；(2)在金属粉末组分配比一定的条件下,减小粉末材料的颗粒度并提高其烧结温度有助于提高粉末药型罩的微观致密性、密度及其侵彻效能；(3)聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能随着粉末药型罩密度的增加而增大,与理论分析结果吻合较好。
以单因素试验结果为基础,同样在成型装药相关参数、综合性能与粉末药型罩的压制工艺、相关参数相对稳定的条件下,通过“炸高对聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响”以及“大炸高下聚能粉末粒子流侵彻有效性”的试验研究,结果表明：(1)烧结粉末药型罩的穿深随炸高的增大很快而减小较慢,且其理想炸高高于旋压铜板药型罩；(2)聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能与粉末药型罩密度、炸高之间的关系与理论分析结果吻合较好；(3)合理提高钨粉的质量百分比,可有效提高药型罩的烧结温度和保温时间,从而提高其密度,并有助于提高粉末药型罩在大炸高下的侵彻效能。(4)试验获得,当炸高为100mm时,配方为W：Cu：石墨：机油=70：25：4：1的粉末药型罩的穿深比传统旋压铜板药型罩提高了203.88%。
总之,理论分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,而且一致表明：提高粉末药型罩的密度可有效提高聚能粉末粒子流的有效侵彻距离及其侵彻效能,为其进一步研究提供了一定的参考。
"Cumulation powder particle flow" is formed by powder liner that was crushed by deto-nation. It is mainly comprised of the discrete state material power particle. Compared with the traditional traditional metal liner, powder liner is combination of discrete powder and pore. The main character of its jet is micro-discrete-continuous. Therefore, there is not only differ-ence but also certain relation between the mechanism of formation and penetration of cumula-tion powder particle flow and the traditional shaped charge jet. It is valuable to study on the formation processes, penetration mechanism and key influencing factors of the cumulation powder particle flow.
Based on the formed process and penetration mechanism of the cumulation powder par-ticle flow, the speed estimates formula was got by the Birkhoff theory and Gurney pressure collapsed speed formula. The conclusions can be got followed. In the condition that the ma-terial characteristics are relative stability, improving the density of powder liner can help to improve the penetration ability of the cumulation powder particle flow. The wall thickness of the powder liner has a relative ideal value range at the same density. If the structure of the powder liner is reasonable, its density is the key influencing factor of the penetration effec-tiveness of cumulation powder particle flow.
In order to study the effect of powder liner density on penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow, the velocity attenuation model of the cumulation powder particle flow was constructed with the aid of the Newton resistance law. The conclusions can be got followed. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to slowing down the velocity attenuation of the cumulation powder particle flow. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to increase the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to increase the effective penetration distance of the cumulation powder particle flow. One can notice that it will increase the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off.
In order to improve the density of the powder liner, in the condition of using the same shaped charge and the same development process of the powder liner, the material ratio and sintering temperature of the powder liner and the material granularity of the powder effecting on the density of the powder liner and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow were studied by experiment. The conclusions could be reached followed. The average density of the powder liner can improved effectively by increasing the content of tungsten powder, but the penetration ability is not increase proportionally. It is not quite con-sistent with the theoretical analysis result. It is relevant to the sintering temperature of the powder liner. In the condition of same distribution ratio, reducing the particle size of the powder material and improving the sintering temperature can effectively improving the den-sity and compactness of the liner and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. The penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow increases with the improving of the powder liner density. It agrees with the theoretical analysis results well.
Based on the experimental results of the single factors, in the same condition, the stan-doff effect on the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off were stu-died by experiment. The conclusions could be reached followed. The ideal stand-off of the powder liner is larger than that of the spinning copperplate one. The relation between the pe-netration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow and the density and stand-off of the powder liner is consistent with the theoretical analysis results well. Improving the mass percentage of the tungsten powder reasonably, the sintering temperature and holding time can be increased effectively. It will help to improving the density of the sintered powder liner and the penetration effectiveness of the s cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off. The penetration depth of the powder liner, which was composed of W(70%), Cu(25%) and others (5%), increased203.88%than that of the spinning copper one at the100mm stand-off in the experiment.
In short, the experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis results well. They showed that improving the density of the powder liner can effectively improve the effective penetration distance and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. The conclusions provided some reference for its further study.
以聚能粉末粒子流形成过程及其侵彻机理为基础,借助Birkhoff定常理论与格尼压垮速度公式给出了聚能粉末粒子流微元的速度估算公式,估算结果表明：(1)在药型罩材料的材料特性相对稳定的条件下,提高药型罩的材料密度有助于提高聚能粉末粒子流射流的侵彻性能；(2)在药型罩密度一定的条件下,药型罩有一相对理想的壁厚取值范围；(3)药型罩结构合理的条件下,其密度是影响聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的关键因素。
为研究粉末药型罩密度对聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响,借助Newton阻力定律,构建了聚能粉末粒子流的速度衰减模型,估算结果表明：(1)提高药型罩的密度有助于减缓聚能粉末粒子流的速度衰减；(2)提高药型罩的密度有助于提高聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能；(3)提高药型罩密度有助于提高其有效侵彻距离,即提高其大炸高下的侵彻效能。
以提高粉末药型罩的密度为目的,在成型装药相关参数、综合性能与粉末药型罩的压制工艺、相关参数相对稳定的条件下,对材料配比、材料颗粒度以及烧结温度对粉末药型罩的密度和聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响进行试验研究,结果表明：(1)增加钨粉的含量,可有效提高药型罩的平均密度,但其比例与烧结温度有一定关系；(2)在金属粉末组分配比一定的条件下,减小粉末材料的颗粒度并提高其烧结温度有助于提高粉末药型罩的微观致密性、密度及其侵彻效能；(3)聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能随着粉末药型罩密度的增加而增大,与理论分析结果吻合较好。
以单因素试验结果为基础,同样在成型装药相关参数、综合性能与粉末药型罩的压制工艺、相关参数相对稳定的条件下,通过“炸高对聚能粉末粒子流侵彻效能的影响”以及“大炸高下聚能粉末粒子流侵彻有效性”的试验研究,结果表明：(1)烧结粉末药型罩的穿深随炸高的增大很快而减小较慢,且其理想炸高高于旋压铜板药型罩；(2)聚能粉末粒子流的侵彻效能与粉末药型罩密度、炸高之间的关系与理论分析结果吻合较好；(3)合理提高钨粉的质量百分比,可有效提高药型罩的烧结温度和保温时间,从而提高其密度,并有助于提高粉末药型罩在大炸高下的侵彻效能。(4)试验获得,当炸高为100mm时,配方为W：Cu：石墨：机油=70：25：4：1的粉末药型罩的穿深比传统旋压铜板药型罩提高了203.88%。
总之,理论分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,而且一致表明：提高粉末药型罩的密度可有效提高聚能粉末粒子流的有效侵彻距离及其侵彻效能,为其进一步研究提供了一定的参考。
"Cumulation powder particle flow" is formed by powder liner that was crushed by deto-nation. It is mainly comprised of the discrete state material power particle. Compared with the traditional traditional metal liner, powder liner is combination of discrete powder and pore. The main character of its jet is micro-discrete-continuous. Therefore, there is not only differ-ence but also certain relation between the mechanism of formation and penetration of cumula-tion powder particle flow and the traditional shaped charge jet. It is valuable to study on the formation processes, penetration mechanism and key influencing factors of the cumulation powder particle flow.
Based on the formed process and penetration mechanism of the cumulation powder par-ticle flow, the speed estimates formula was got by the Birkhoff theory and Gurney pressure collapsed speed formula. The conclusions can be got followed. In the condition that the ma-terial characteristics are relative stability, improving the density of powder liner can help to improve the penetration ability of the cumulation powder particle flow. The wall thickness of the powder liner has a relative ideal value range at the same density. If the structure of the powder liner is reasonable, its density is the key influencing factor of the penetration effec-tiveness of cumulation powder particle flow.
In order to study the effect of powder liner density on penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow, the velocity attenuation model of the cumulation powder particle flow was constructed with the aid of the Newton resistance law. The conclusions can be got followed. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to slowing down the velocity attenuation of the cumulation powder particle flow. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to increase the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. Improving the density of the powder liner will be helpful to increase the effective penetration distance of the cumulation powder particle flow. One can notice that it will increase the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off.
In order to improve the density of the powder liner, in the condition of using the same shaped charge and the same development process of the powder liner, the material ratio and sintering temperature of the powder liner and the material granularity of the powder effecting on the density of the powder liner and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow were studied by experiment. The conclusions could be reached followed. The average density of the powder liner can improved effectively by increasing the content of tungsten powder, but the penetration ability is not increase proportionally. It is not quite con-sistent with the theoretical analysis result. It is relevant to the sintering temperature of the powder liner. In the condition of same distribution ratio, reducing the particle size of the powder material and improving the sintering temperature can effectively improving the den-sity and compactness of the liner and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. The penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow increases with the improving of the powder liner density. It agrees with the theoretical analysis results well.
Based on the experimental results of the single factors, in the same condition, the stan-doff effect on the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off were stu-died by experiment. The conclusions could be reached followed. The ideal stand-off of the powder liner is larger than that of the spinning copperplate one. The relation between the pe-netration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow and the density and stand-off of the powder liner is consistent with the theoretical analysis results well. Improving the mass percentage of the tungsten powder reasonably, the sintering temperature and holding time can be increased effectively. It will help to improving the density of the sintered powder liner and the penetration effectiveness of the s cumulation powder particle flow in large stand-off. The penetration depth of the powder liner, which was composed of W(70%), Cu(25%) and others (5%), increased203.88%than that of the spinning copper one at the100mm stand-off in the experiment.
In short, the experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis results well. They showed that improving the density of the powder liner can effectively improve the effective penetration distance and the penetration effectiveness of the cumulation powder particle flow. The conclusions provided some reference for its further study.
引文
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