稀土国际贸易公平价格机制研究
|
摘要
稀土是宝贵的非可再生资源,被广泛应用于高精尖科技和军工领域。在稀土国际市场中,美国、日本以及欧盟等发达国家是稀土原材料产品的主要需求方。中国是最大的稀土供给方,稀土资源储量、产量和出口量均居世界第一,以36%的稀土储量供应了世界90%以上稀土消费。中国自1985年以来在扩大稀土产量和出口量,极大程度地占有国际市场份额的同时,却没有获得与其出口大国地位相匹配的在稀土国际市场上应有的价格话语权。而稀土产品的主要需求国对稀土产品二次加工或者再应用所获得的价值增值是稀土原材料产品价值的几十倍甚至几百倍。鉴于稀土的稀缺性、非可再生性和战略性,中国政府采取了一系列措施对稀土资源进行保护,如缩减出口配额、提高出口关税、征收资源税、加强环保督察等,使得稀土价格从2011年初开始有所上涨。但中国政府的行为引起了稀土需求大国的不满和指责,并正在就中国稀土出口限制问题向世界贸易组织提出申诉,稀土贸易争端正逐渐升级。此外,自2011年年初开始,稀土货商的囤货惜售以及部分游资的推动,导致稀土精矿以及氧化物的价格呈现级数增长,使得稀土贸易矛盾日益严重。近期稀土国际贸易价格不断上涨,到底是稀土的价值回归还是投机炒作,很有必要从经济学机理上进行分析。
究竟稀土国际市场定价是否公平合理,原材料产品的价值是否被低估,国际价格是否能够足额补偿稀土供给方生产稀土耗费的所有成本,并使其获得合理利润,都是亟待研究的问题。本文在这样的大背景之下,以提炼创新的非再生资源国际贸易公平价格机制为基础,探索稀土国际贸易公平价格机制,建立稀土产品的内在价值公平补偿体系,测算稀土影子价格,判定稀土产品内在价值补偿的公平程度；分析国际交易主体间交易势力公平的影响因素,并采用随市场定价模型测定交易势力的公平程度,提出了促进稀土国际贸易价格形成于公平价格区间的政策建议。本文的核心观点为：稀土国际贸易交易平台制度公平基础上的内在价值补偿、交易势力公平(包括产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力的公平)是稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素。
全文共分为七章,第一章为导论,在阐明研究背景及意义的基础上,对本文主要涉及的核心概念进行解释,并提出核心观点及研究框架,阐述研究方法,说明创新与不足等。并初步提出了国际交易势力的概念,定义其为国际市场交易主体通过产业因素以及制度因素影响国际市场价格的能力,主要由国际供给方和需求方的产业组织交易势力以及国家政策交易势力构成。
第二章,相关文献述评。首先对价格机制理论的演变与发展进行文献总结,并对资源产品国际贸易价格机制的相关文献进行梳理,在此基础上对公平价格机制的研究进行总结,主要为包含产品价值补偿、交易势力公平两大主要构成要素的公平价格一般机制研究以及关于国际贸易公平价格机制的研究；其后,对稀土国际贸易公平价格及机制进行文献梳理；最后进行综合性文献述评。
第三章,非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制的建立。在论述交易平台制度公平、交易标的内在价值公平补偿,交易主体交易势力公平等理论支点的基础上,创新、提炼、构建非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制,分析论证非再生资源公平价格机制的形成、运行、管理是由资源内在价值补偿公平机制及包含产业组织交易势力和国家政策交易势力的交易势力公平机制共同决定的经济机理。
第四章,世界稀土生产、贸易及供需趋势。本部分从整体上介绍稀土的国际储量、生产,分国别分析主要国家稀土贸易消费以及产业状况,在此基础上对稀土国际产能、整体供求以及结构性供需情况进行分析,并对未来五年稀土的供给和需求情况进行预测。
第五章,稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制研究。以稀土国际贸易产品的价值构成情况为基础,分析影响稀土产品国际贸易内在价值公平补偿的主要因素,包括稀土权益价值公平补偿因素、经营价值公平补偿因素、代际价值公平补偿因素、生态价值公平补偿因素等。最后以中国为例进行稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平测度。本部分在构建稀土国际贸易内在价值公平补偿体系的基础上,采取测算稀土产品影子价格并加成稀土外部性成本的方式获得中国内蒙古包钢稀土高科公司稀土精矿的实际价格,并与其销售价格进行差值比较,测度稀土精矿价格的公平程度。
第六章,稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制研究。本部分的研究以稀土国际贸易交易势力决定国际价格的作用路径为基础,分别研究产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力公平的影响因素及传导路径；以影响产业组织及国家政策交易势力公平的主要因素为变量,构建随市场定价模型,测定稀土国际贸易交易势力的公平度。第七章,结论与政策启示。对全文作一般性总结,从稀土内在价值补偿、稀土产业结构调整以及实施战略储备等方面提出政策建议。
采用的主要研究方法为：理论归纳及演绎的方法,主要应用于第三章非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制理论的建立中。实证研究的方法,在第五章稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制的研究中,采用数理经济学和计量经济学相结合的方法,构建稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿体系,并据此进行稀土产品的影子价格实证测算；在第六章稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制的研究中,运用随市场定价模型对稀土国际贸易交易势力进行实证公平测度。比较研究的方法,主要应用于第六章稀土国际贸易政策交易势力公平机制的研究中,通过对主要稀土供给和需求国的稀土贸易、管理以及战略政策的比较分析,提炼影响国家政策交易势力公平的主要因素。
本文的基本结论为：在国际贸易交易平台制度公平的基础上,稀土国际贸易公平价格是产品内在价值公平补偿以及国际贸易交易势力公平均衡的结果。完全竞争条件下,稀土国际贸易公平价格是马歇尔均衡的时点价格；现实的不完全竞争条件下,稀土国际贸易公平价格机制形成的价格落在产业组织交易势力以及国家政策交易势力作用下的公平反映稀土产品内在价值补偿情况的供给和需求的均衡波动区间之中。在稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制的研究中,构建稀土内在价值补偿体系,建立影子价格测定模型,以内蒙古包钢稀土高科的精矿产品为实证研究对象,确定精矿的公平补偿价格,并与其市场价格进行比较,得出包钢稀土的精矿产品内在价值未得到充分补偿的结论。在稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制的研究中,将稀土国际贸易交易势力分解为产业组织交易势力及国际贸易政策交易势力两个部分进行影响因素分析及公平机制机理研究,得出稀土国际市场是供给方市场较强竞争性与需求方市场较高垄断性并存的供给方交易势力小于需求方交易势力的产品多元化的寡占型市场的结论。另一较为重要的结论为,对1988-2008年期间的12种中国的主要稀土产品按照轻稀土以及中重稀土的门类归类,测算消除了通货膨胀因素的稀土定基实际价格指数,并进行价格水平波动分析,得出12种中国主要稀土原材料产品价格几乎都较大幅度低于基期1988年的同类产品水平,中重稀土产品的价格水平下降幅度较为显著的结论。此外,建立随市场定价模型,分别利用2000-2011年的年度数据及2008.01-2011.12的月度数据进行计量实证分析,测定两个时段稀土国际贸易交易势力的变化情况,得出在稀土国际市场中,供需方的交易势力未达到公平均衡,需求方美国、欧盟以及韩国的交易势力大于供给方中国交易势力的结论。并且通过两时段的计量结果对比,得出韩国在中国实施稀土新政之后,交易势力于2008-2011年期间上升幅度较为显著的结论。
As a valuable non-renewable resource, Rare Earth is widely used in sophisticated technology and military fields. In the international rare earth market, the United States, Japan and the European Union are the major consumers of rare earth raw materials. As the largest rare earth supplier, China's rare earth reserves, output and export volume is ranked first in the world. China is supplying more than90%the world's rare earth consumption with its36%reserve. However, China has not attained its justified say matching it as a rare earth export power in the international market although China occupied a lion's share since China increased its output and export in1985. The value added out of rare earth's secondary processing or re-utilization by rare earth consumption countries increased several tens or even hundreds of times.
Due to its strategic position, non-renewability and scarcity nature, the Chinese government has adopted a series of measures to protect rare earth resources, such as reducing export quotas, raising export tariffs, levying resource tax, and strengthening environmental protection inspection, which led to some price increase since early2011. These measures taken by Chinese government were criticized by major rare earth consumers. They are appealing to the WTO against the Chinese government's rare earth export restrictions. Rare earth export conflict is gradually towards the tendency of upgrading.
In addition, dealers'hoarding rare earth products for rising profit speculation and hot money's involvement, leading to exponential price growing of rare earth concentrates and oxides since the beginning of2011. Did the recent price rise of rare earth resulted from the value return or profit speculation? It is uncertain.
All the following problems need to be studied, including:is RE international market pricing is fair and reasonable? Is the value of RE raw materials undervalued? Is the current RE price enough to compensate the producers'cost and appropriate profit?
This paper aim to study the fair pricing mechanism, establish an intrinsic and fair value compensation system and estimate the shadow price to determine the compensation fairness for the intrinsic rare earth value based on the innovative international trade fair pricing mechanism theory for non-renewable resources. This paper analyzes the factors affecting trade forces fairness between international RE buyers and sellers. Some policy suggestions are put forward to encourage RE international price fluctuates within the fair price range.
The core opinion of this paper is:the major deciding factors for RE international trade fair pricing mechanism are intrinsic value compensation and trade forces fairness (including fairness of Industry trade forces and national policy transactions forces) based on the fairness of the RE international trading platform system.
The paper can be divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It explains some major concepts and research methods, put forward the core argument and outline based on elaborating the research background and significance. It also states the innovative points and limitations. International trade forces is defined as international trading subjects'ability affecting international price by means of industry factors and system factors, including trading forces for suppliers and consumers' industry organizations, as well as trading forces for national policies.
The second chapter is the literature review. It summarizes the historical researches on fairness and equitable price, including the research status of the determining and measurement of fair and equitable price, equitable price mechanism in the international trade. Then it summarizes the literatures on pricing mechanism, including the description of researches on pricing mechanism of resource products in international trade by focusing on the two components of fair pricing mechanism, value compensation of resource products and trading forces fairness. The research progress of RE international pricing system and its empirical studies are summarized. A comprehensive literature is the conclusion.
Chapter3is the establishment of international trade fair price system for non-renewable resources. It discusses trading platform's fairness system, intrinsic value's fair compensation for trading target, trade subjects'trade forces fairness. It then puts forward a fair price mechanism for non-renewable resources by analyzing and verifying the economic mechanism that the formation, operation and management of non-renewable resources'fair price mechanism is co-determined by the resource's intrinsic value fair compensation mechanism and trading forces fair mechanism composed by trade forces of industry organizations and those of national policy.
Chapter4is the global tendencies for rare earth production, trade and supply and demand. It introduces rare earth's reserve and production from the overall perspective by analyzing major countries'rare earth trade, consumption and industry situations. Analysis on the global production capacity, overall and structural supply-demand is performed by predicting the supply-demand situation in the following five years.
Chapter5is the study of rare earth intrinsic value compensation system fairness. Based on RE's value composition in the international market, it studies the major factors affecting the system fairness of rare earth intrinsic value compensation, including value fairness compensation factors on rare earth interests, business value, inter-generational value and ecological value. China is applied as the case to measure the intrinsic value compensation fairness for rare earth trade. The actual price of RE concentrate in Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech Co., Ltd (REHT) is calculated by adding the shadow price and environment cost. The actual price and sale price are contrasted to determine the price fairness of RE concentrate based on the intrinsic value fairness compensation system.
Chapter6is the fairness mechanism of rare earth transactions forces. It studies the factors affecting the trading forces fairness of industry organization and national policy as well as their conducting mechanism on the basis of the economic mechanism that RE trading forces decides its international price. A market pricing model is constructed to measure RE trade forces fairness by using factors affecting the trading forces fairness of industry organization and national policy as two variables.
Chapter7is conclusions and policy implications. It makes a general summarization on the whole text. Policy recommendations are then put forward from the aspects of intrinsic value compensation, industrial structure adjustment and the implementation of the strategic reserve system.
The major research methods are listed as follows:firstly, theoretically inductive and deductive methods, mainly used in discussing fair price system for non-renewable resource products.
The second, empirical method is applied to construct RE intrinsic value compensation system by combining mathematical economics and econometrics to measure RE's shadow price in chapter5. Empirical method is also used in Chapter6to measure the trading forces fairness in RE international market. The third is Comparative approach. It is practiced in Chapter6to analyze the major factors affecting national policy's trading forces by contrasting RE trade, management and strategic policy of major suppliers and consumers.
The following are some conclusions:a global fair RE price is the fair and balanced outcome of the intrinsic value fairness compensation as well as international trade forces based on the system fairness of international trade platform. The fair price for rare earth is the de facto price at Marshall Balance under the condition of perfect competition.
The RE price formed out of international trade fairness pricing system demonstrates the equilibrium fluctuation range between the supply and demand of RE intrinsic value compensation under the actual condition of imperfect competition. The price of rare earth international trade fair pricing mechanism is a fair reflection of the intrinsic value of the compensation of rare earth products in the industrial organization of trading forces and the forces of national policy transactions under the action of supply and demand equilibrium trading range under the actual imperfect competition condition.
Build rare earth intrinsic value of compensation system in the intrinsic value of the compensation fair mechanism of rare earth, the establishment of the shadow price determination model to concentrate products of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech is the object of empirical research to determine fair compensation for the price of the concentrate and its market price comparison, the Baotou Steel concentrates intrinsic value has not been fully compensate the conclusion.
Fair mechanism of rare earth forces of international trade transactions, the decomposition of rare earth international trade transactions forces Factors Analysis and fair mechanism of trading forces and international trade policy trading forces in two parts for the industrial organization, obtained the international market of rare earth supply higher side strong market competition and demand, market monopoly coexistence of oligopolistic markets a wide range of conclusions.
Another important conclusion of the1988-2008years during the12kinds of rare earth products in China, classified in accordance with the categories of light rare earth and heavy rare earth, is estimated to eliminate the inflation factor of rare earth real price index and price fluctuations in the level analysis, the12kinds of rare earth raw materials prices almost more substantial level of similar products below the base period1988, the more significant conclusions of the decline of the price level of the heavy rare earth products. In addition, the establishment of fair quantify rare earth international trade transactions forces with the price to the market model, come to the rare earth in the international market, the forces of supply and demand side of the transaction does not meet the fair and balanced demand-side trading forces greater than conclusion of the forces of supply-side trading.
究竟稀土国际市场定价是否公平合理,原材料产品的价值是否被低估,国际价格是否能够足额补偿稀土供给方生产稀土耗费的所有成本,并使其获得合理利润,都是亟待研究的问题。本文在这样的大背景之下,以提炼创新的非再生资源国际贸易公平价格机制为基础,探索稀土国际贸易公平价格机制,建立稀土产品的内在价值公平补偿体系,测算稀土影子价格,判定稀土产品内在价值补偿的公平程度；分析国际交易主体间交易势力公平的影响因素,并采用随市场定价模型测定交易势力的公平程度,提出了促进稀土国际贸易价格形成于公平价格区间的政策建议。本文的核心观点为：稀土国际贸易交易平台制度公平基础上的内在价值补偿、交易势力公平(包括产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力的公平)是稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素。
全文共分为七章,第一章为导论,在阐明研究背景及意义的基础上,对本文主要涉及的核心概念进行解释,并提出核心观点及研究框架,阐述研究方法,说明创新与不足等。并初步提出了国际交易势力的概念,定义其为国际市场交易主体通过产业因素以及制度因素影响国际市场价格的能力,主要由国际供给方和需求方的产业组织交易势力以及国家政策交易势力构成。
第二章,相关文献述评。首先对价格机制理论的演变与发展进行文献总结,并对资源产品国际贸易价格机制的相关文献进行梳理,在此基础上对公平价格机制的研究进行总结,主要为包含产品价值补偿、交易势力公平两大主要构成要素的公平价格一般机制研究以及关于国际贸易公平价格机制的研究；其后,对稀土国际贸易公平价格及机制进行文献梳理；最后进行综合性文献述评。
第三章,非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制的建立。在论述交易平台制度公平、交易标的内在价值公平补偿,交易主体交易势力公平等理论支点的基础上,创新、提炼、构建非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制,分析论证非再生资源公平价格机制的形成、运行、管理是由资源内在价值补偿公平机制及包含产业组织交易势力和国家政策交易势力的交易势力公平机制共同决定的经济机理。
第四章,世界稀土生产、贸易及供需趋势。本部分从整体上介绍稀土的国际储量、生产,分国别分析主要国家稀土贸易消费以及产业状况,在此基础上对稀土国际产能、整体供求以及结构性供需情况进行分析,并对未来五年稀土的供给和需求情况进行预测。
第五章,稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制研究。以稀土国际贸易产品的价值构成情况为基础,分析影响稀土产品国际贸易内在价值公平补偿的主要因素,包括稀土权益价值公平补偿因素、经营价值公平补偿因素、代际价值公平补偿因素、生态价值公平补偿因素等。最后以中国为例进行稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平测度。本部分在构建稀土国际贸易内在价值公平补偿体系的基础上,采取测算稀土产品影子价格并加成稀土外部性成本的方式获得中国内蒙古包钢稀土高科公司稀土精矿的实际价格,并与其销售价格进行差值比较,测度稀土精矿价格的公平程度。
第六章,稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制研究。本部分的研究以稀土国际贸易交易势力决定国际价格的作用路径为基础,分别研究产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力公平的影响因素及传导路径；以影响产业组织及国家政策交易势力公平的主要因素为变量,构建随市场定价模型,测定稀土国际贸易交易势力的公平度。第七章,结论与政策启示。对全文作一般性总结,从稀土内在价值补偿、稀土产业结构调整以及实施战略储备等方面提出政策建议。
采用的主要研究方法为：理论归纳及演绎的方法,主要应用于第三章非再生资源产品国际贸易公平价格机制理论的建立中。实证研究的方法,在第五章稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制的研究中,采用数理经济学和计量经济学相结合的方法,构建稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿体系,并据此进行稀土产品的影子价格实证测算；在第六章稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制的研究中,运用随市场定价模型对稀土国际贸易交易势力进行实证公平测度。比较研究的方法,主要应用于第六章稀土国际贸易政策交易势力公平机制的研究中,通过对主要稀土供给和需求国的稀土贸易、管理以及战略政策的比较分析,提炼影响国家政策交易势力公平的主要因素。
本文的基本结论为：在国际贸易交易平台制度公平的基础上,稀土国际贸易公平价格是产品内在价值公平补偿以及国际贸易交易势力公平均衡的结果。完全竞争条件下,稀土国际贸易公平价格是马歇尔均衡的时点价格；现实的不完全竞争条件下,稀土国际贸易公平价格机制形成的价格落在产业组织交易势力以及国家政策交易势力作用下的公平反映稀土产品内在价值补偿情况的供给和需求的均衡波动区间之中。在稀土国际贸易内在价值补偿公平机制的研究中,构建稀土内在价值补偿体系,建立影子价格测定模型,以内蒙古包钢稀土高科的精矿产品为实证研究对象,确定精矿的公平补偿价格,并与其市场价格进行比较,得出包钢稀土的精矿产品内在价值未得到充分补偿的结论。在稀土国际贸易交易势力公平机制的研究中,将稀土国际贸易交易势力分解为产业组织交易势力及国际贸易政策交易势力两个部分进行影响因素分析及公平机制机理研究,得出稀土国际市场是供给方市场较强竞争性与需求方市场较高垄断性并存的供给方交易势力小于需求方交易势力的产品多元化的寡占型市场的结论。另一较为重要的结论为,对1988-2008年期间的12种中国的主要稀土产品按照轻稀土以及中重稀土的门类归类,测算消除了通货膨胀因素的稀土定基实际价格指数,并进行价格水平波动分析,得出12种中国主要稀土原材料产品价格几乎都较大幅度低于基期1988年的同类产品水平,中重稀土产品的价格水平下降幅度较为显著的结论。此外,建立随市场定价模型,分别利用2000-2011年的年度数据及2008.01-2011.12的月度数据进行计量实证分析,测定两个时段稀土国际贸易交易势力的变化情况,得出在稀土国际市场中,供需方的交易势力未达到公平均衡,需求方美国、欧盟以及韩国的交易势力大于供给方中国交易势力的结论。并且通过两时段的计量结果对比,得出韩国在中国实施稀土新政之后,交易势力于2008-2011年期间上升幅度较为显著的结论。
As a valuable non-renewable resource, Rare Earth is widely used in sophisticated technology and military fields. In the international rare earth market, the United States, Japan and the European Union are the major consumers of rare earth raw materials. As the largest rare earth supplier, China's rare earth reserves, output and export volume is ranked first in the world. China is supplying more than90%the world's rare earth consumption with its36%reserve. However, China has not attained its justified say matching it as a rare earth export power in the international market although China occupied a lion's share since China increased its output and export in1985. The value added out of rare earth's secondary processing or re-utilization by rare earth consumption countries increased several tens or even hundreds of times.
Due to its strategic position, non-renewability and scarcity nature, the Chinese government has adopted a series of measures to protect rare earth resources, such as reducing export quotas, raising export tariffs, levying resource tax, and strengthening environmental protection inspection, which led to some price increase since early2011. These measures taken by Chinese government were criticized by major rare earth consumers. They are appealing to the WTO against the Chinese government's rare earth export restrictions. Rare earth export conflict is gradually towards the tendency of upgrading.
In addition, dealers'hoarding rare earth products for rising profit speculation and hot money's involvement, leading to exponential price growing of rare earth concentrates and oxides since the beginning of2011. Did the recent price rise of rare earth resulted from the value return or profit speculation? It is uncertain.
All the following problems need to be studied, including:is RE international market pricing is fair and reasonable? Is the value of RE raw materials undervalued? Is the current RE price enough to compensate the producers'cost and appropriate profit?
This paper aim to study the fair pricing mechanism, establish an intrinsic and fair value compensation system and estimate the shadow price to determine the compensation fairness for the intrinsic rare earth value based on the innovative international trade fair pricing mechanism theory for non-renewable resources. This paper analyzes the factors affecting trade forces fairness between international RE buyers and sellers. Some policy suggestions are put forward to encourage RE international price fluctuates within the fair price range.
The core opinion of this paper is:the major deciding factors for RE international trade fair pricing mechanism are intrinsic value compensation and trade forces fairness (including fairness of Industry trade forces and national policy transactions forces) based on the fairness of the RE international trading platform system.
The paper can be divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It explains some major concepts and research methods, put forward the core argument and outline based on elaborating the research background and significance. It also states the innovative points and limitations. International trade forces is defined as international trading subjects'ability affecting international price by means of industry factors and system factors, including trading forces for suppliers and consumers' industry organizations, as well as trading forces for national policies.
The second chapter is the literature review. It summarizes the historical researches on fairness and equitable price, including the research status of the determining and measurement of fair and equitable price, equitable price mechanism in the international trade. Then it summarizes the literatures on pricing mechanism, including the description of researches on pricing mechanism of resource products in international trade by focusing on the two components of fair pricing mechanism, value compensation of resource products and trading forces fairness. The research progress of RE international pricing system and its empirical studies are summarized. A comprehensive literature is the conclusion.
Chapter3is the establishment of international trade fair price system for non-renewable resources. It discusses trading platform's fairness system, intrinsic value's fair compensation for trading target, trade subjects'trade forces fairness. It then puts forward a fair price mechanism for non-renewable resources by analyzing and verifying the economic mechanism that the formation, operation and management of non-renewable resources'fair price mechanism is co-determined by the resource's intrinsic value fair compensation mechanism and trading forces fair mechanism composed by trade forces of industry organizations and those of national policy.
Chapter4is the global tendencies for rare earth production, trade and supply and demand. It introduces rare earth's reserve and production from the overall perspective by analyzing major countries'rare earth trade, consumption and industry situations. Analysis on the global production capacity, overall and structural supply-demand is performed by predicting the supply-demand situation in the following five years.
Chapter5is the study of rare earth intrinsic value compensation system fairness. Based on RE's value composition in the international market, it studies the major factors affecting the system fairness of rare earth intrinsic value compensation, including value fairness compensation factors on rare earth interests, business value, inter-generational value and ecological value. China is applied as the case to measure the intrinsic value compensation fairness for rare earth trade. The actual price of RE concentrate in Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech Co., Ltd (REHT) is calculated by adding the shadow price and environment cost. The actual price and sale price are contrasted to determine the price fairness of RE concentrate based on the intrinsic value fairness compensation system.
Chapter6is the fairness mechanism of rare earth transactions forces. It studies the factors affecting the trading forces fairness of industry organization and national policy as well as their conducting mechanism on the basis of the economic mechanism that RE trading forces decides its international price. A market pricing model is constructed to measure RE trade forces fairness by using factors affecting the trading forces fairness of industry organization and national policy as two variables.
Chapter7is conclusions and policy implications. It makes a general summarization on the whole text. Policy recommendations are then put forward from the aspects of intrinsic value compensation, industrial structure adjustment and the implementation of the strategic reserve system.
The major research methods are listed as follows:firstly, theoretically inductive and deductive methods, mainly used in discussing fair price system for non-renewable resource products.
The second, empirical method is applied to construct RE intrinsic value compensation system by combining mathematical economics and econometrics to measure RE's shadow price in chapter5. Empirical method is also used in Chapter6to measure the trading forces fairness in RE international market. The third is Comparative approach. It is practiced in Chapter6to analyze the major factors affecting national policy's trading forces by contrasting RE trade, management and strategic policy of major suppliers and consumers.
The following are some conclusions:a global fair RE price is the fair and balanced outcome of the intrinsic value fairness compensation as well as international trade forces based on the system fairness of international trade platform. The fair price for rare earth is the de facto price at Marshall Balance under the condition of perfect competition.
The RE price formed out of international trade fairness pricing system demonstrates the equilibrium fluctuation range between the supply and demand of RE intrinsic value compensation under the actual condition of imperfect competition. The price of rare earth international trade fair pricing mechanism is a fair reflection of the intrinsic value of the compensation of rare earth products in the industrial organization of trading forces and the forces of national policy transactions under the action of supply and demand equilibrium trading range under the actual imperfect competition condition.
Build rare earth intrinsic value of compensation system in the intrinsic value of the compensation fair mechanism of rare earth, the establishment of the shadow price determination model to concentrate products of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-Tech is the object of empirical research to determine fair compensation for the price of the concentrate and its market price comparison, the Baotou Steel concentrates intrinsic value has not been fully compensate the conclusion.
Fair mechanism of rare earth forces of international trade transactions, the decomposition of rare earth international trade transactions forces Factors Analysis and fair mechanism of trading forces and international trade policy trading forces in two parts for the industrial organization, obtained the international market of rare earth supply higher side strong market competition and demand, market monopoly coexistence of oligopolistic markets a wide range of conclusions.
Another important conclusion of the1988-2008years during the12kinds of rare earth products in China, classified in accordance with the categories of light rare earth and heavy rare earth, is estimated to eliminate the inflation factor of rare earth real price index and price fluctuations in the level analysis, the12kinds of rare earth raw materials prices almost more substantial level of similar products below the base period1988, the more significant conclusions of the decline of the price level of the heavy rare earth products. In addition, the establishment of fair quantify rare earth international trade transactions forces with the price to the market model, come to the rare earth in the international market, the forces of supply and demand side of the transaction does not meet the fair and balanced demand-side trading forces greater than conclusion of the forces of supply-side trading.
引文
①徐光宪.强烈呼吁国家建立稀土战略元素储备[J].中国高新区,2009(08)：17-18
③国务院关于促进稀土行业持续健康发展的若干意见,有色冶金节能,2011-08-15
①叶宏伟.国际市场势力与出口商品结构升级[D],浙江大学博士论文,2011：9
①湘财证券钢铁有色研究小组.稀土行业深度研究报告,2010(4)：6
②稀上永磁材料用途http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
③根据唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20整理
④根据蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23整理
⑤根据郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15整理
①根据李永绣,周新木,辜子英.稀土抛光材料的生产、应用及其新进展[J].稀土,2002(10)：71-74整理
①李世福.世界价格理论研究成果综述[J].太原师范学院学报,2007(1)
②王万山.软件产品价格机制研究[D].江西财经大学博士学位论文,2003
①交易势力是本文以市场势力为基础提出的一个概念,关于交易势力的文献总结,主要是梳理国内外关于市场势力的研究
①湘财证券钢铁有色研究小组.稀土行业深度研究报告,2010(4)：6
②稀土永磁材料用途http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
③根据唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20整理
④根据蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23整理
⑤根据郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15整理
①王世春著.论公平贸易[M].北京：商务印书馆,2006(12)：16-17
①随市场定价行为是指：美元升值条件下,出口商维持原价,或者提高出口价格的现象,是出口商市场势力的体现
①刘光溪.多哈会议与WTO首轮谈判多边贸易谈判文件集[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2002：4
①扫描WTO.标准计量与质量,2001(12)
②非歧视性贸易原则.中国农业科技导报,200(2)：75
①汤明.鄱阳湖九江濒湖县区生态补偿研究[D].南昌大学硕士论文,2010-01-05
②刘劲松.中国矿产资源补偿机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2005(2)
③谢地,邵波.论我国自然资源价格形成机制的重构[J].学习与探索,2005(6)：226229
④李国平,张云.矿产资源的价值补偿模式及国际经验[J].资源科学,2005(9)：70-76
①侯东哲,李振宇,沈健等.浅析资源补偿制度的形成原理-以矿产资源为例[J].现代商业,2008(3)
②安晓明.自然资源价值及其补偿问题研究[D].吉林大学博士论文,2004
①黄和平,毕军,张炳等.物质流分析研究述评[J].生态学报,2007(1)
①平狄克·鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学(第四版)[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
①REO表示稀土氧化物,国际上通常将稀土储量、矿物及产品产量等折合为稀土氧化物的重量计量
②苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2009：47
①Dr. Anthony N. Mariano, The Nature of Economic REE and Y Minerals on a World Level, presented at the MIT Energy Initiative Workshop, April 29,2010
②U.S. Department of Energy, Critical Materials Strategy, December 2010
①我国稀土产业现状和发展趋势,中国冶金报,2010-5-25
①思远.2010年美国稀土产业状况[J].稀土信息,2011(3)
①赵新宇.不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D].吉林大学博士论文,2006
②任海兵.矿产资源有偿获取研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2011
①赵新宇.论代际公平视角下不可再生资源利用的外部性[J].当代经济研究,2008(11)
②高志强,周启星.稀十矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011(12)：2915-2922
①吴文洁,胡健.我国石油税费制度及其国际比较分析[J].西安石油大学学报：社会科学版,2007,16(1)：5-13
①卢朝栋.美国矿产资源管理简况[J].矿产保护与利用,1985(6)
①卢朝栋.美国矿产资源管理简况[J].矿产保护与利用,1985(6)
①王冰玉.浅谈我国矿业安全生的现状及应对策略[J].中国城市经济,2011(17)：233-234
①贾健,青木,纪双城等.多国费尽心思“淘”稀土[N].环球时报,2011-05-14
①王媛媛.中国稀土出口落入“比较优势陷阱”的问题分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(6)：5960
①国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015),2009-01-07,http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zytz/200901/t20090107_113776.htm
①中华人民共和国国务院第592号令.土地复垦条例,2011-03-05,news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2011-03/11/c_121176719.htm
②Knipers J R, Carlson C. Hardrock. Reclamation Bonding Practices in theWestern United State. National Wildlife Federation, February,2000
③Erickson D L. Policies for the Planning and Reclamation of Coal-mined Landscapes:an International Comparison. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995, (4):453-468
①金丹,卞正富.国内外十地复垦政策法规比较与借鉴[J].中国土地科学,2009(10)：67-72
②曾敏,彭红霞,刘凤梅.安远新龙稀土矿山地质环境综合治理研究[J].金属矿山,2011(3)：136-139
①郭锦辉.中国稀上产权现状状况.中国经济时报,2011-10-20
[1]保罗·A.萨缪尔森,陈迅,白远良译.萨缪尔森辞典[M].北京：京华出版社,2001
[2]鲍荣华,关凤俊.矿产资源保护的理论基点[J].中国地质,1995(7)：18-19
[3]曹建海.关于“过度竞争”的经济学含义[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,1999(06)：12-17
[4]陈志.论公平价格理论与我国粮食直补政策的完善[J].农业现代化研究,2008(05)
[5]陈昆玉.信息经济评述[J].情报理论与实践,2001(3),175-177
[6]邓家妹,邓家询.2005.坚持科学发展观,实现我国稀土产业可持续发展.世界有色金属,3(2)：10—13.
[7]方建春、宋玉华.资源性商品国际市场上中国的市场势力研究[J].财贸经济,2010(6)：67-72
[8]方敏、胡小平.加入世贸组织对中国矿产资源国家安全的影响和策略[J].中国地质矿业经济,2002(8)：12-15
[9]国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015),2009-01-07,http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zytz/200901/t20090107_113776.htm
[10]贺小勇.WTO框架下中美原材料出口限制争端的法律问题[J].国际商务研究,2010(3)：3-18
[11]侯东哲、李振宇、沈健、周小林.浅析资源补偿制度的形成原理——以矿产资源为例[J].现代商业,2008
[12]高志强,周启星.稀土矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011(12)：2915-2922
[13]郭芳.代表性国家矿产资源状况、保障措施及其启其实[J].中国矿业,2009,(03)
[14]郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15
[15]红枫.中国是如何动摇我们的稀土产业的——法国罗纳公司《稀土跟踪》刊文[J].稀土信息,1992(12)：1-3
[16]胡振琪、程琳琳.我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的构想[J].环境保护,2006(19)
[17](美)J·S·贝恩.产业组织[M],北京：商务印书馆,1981：141-148
[18]贾格迪什·巴格瓦蒂.雷薇译.现代自由贸易[M],北京：中信出版社,2003：38
[19]季杰.国际管理贸易的发展及其影响[J].国外经济管理,1998(3)：36
[20]江南.世界稀土产业格局的异变与中国的应对[J].经济论坛,2010(11)：162-164
[21]蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23
[22]江西省发改委.江西稀土产业发展指导意见,http://www.jxdpc.gov.cn/cydx/cyzc/201011/t20101128_29667.htm,2007年1月15日
[23]金丹,卞正富.国内外土地复垦政策法规比较与借鉴[J].中国土地科学,2009(10)：67-72
[24]金建.社会主义初级阶段价格机制理论[M].广州：新世纪出版社,1989：38
[25]金赛美.“两型”社会建设中资源价格形成机制的分析与思考[J].价格月刊,2009(11)：91-93
[26]卡恩.规制经济学：原理与制度[M].北京：商务印书馆,1970
[27]凯恩斯.就业、利息和货币通论[M].北京：商务印书馆,2002
[28]雷春文,林大全.稀土金属生产对作业工人健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,1985(05)：278-282
[29]雷明.可持续发展下绿色核算[M].北京：地质出版社,1999
[30]李纲.微观信息经济学的理论与应用[J].情报理论与实践,1997(4)：199-201
[31]李国平,李恒伟.基于矿产资源租的国内外矿产资源有偿使用制度比较[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(2)：153-159
[32]李国平,李恒伟,龚杰昌.矿产资源税计征公式改革研究[J].资源科学,2011(5)： 838-843
[33]李男,孟磊.我国矿产资源权利金制度构建研究——谈美国矿产资源权利金制度对我国的启发与借鉴[J].经济师,2008(12)：108-109
[34]李世福.世界价格理论研究成果综述[J].太原师范学院学报,2007(1)
[35]李小月,卢锟.国际能源价格变动对我国能源价格机制形成的影响[J].中国矿业,2008(1)：59-62
[36]李艺、汪寿阳.大宗商品国际定价权研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2007
[37]李宗键、艾明娟.中国的稀土出口定价影响力分析[J].知识经济,2010(3)：71
[38]厉以宁,涯尔福特.资源核算与价格政策工作组工作报告.中国环境与发展国际合作委员会文件汇编[M].北京：中国环境出版社,1995：36-67
[39]梁咏.WTO框架下稀土纠纷可能引致之争端与解决[J].太平洋学报,2011(5)：60-68
[40]刘劲松.中国矿产资源补偿机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2005(02)
[41]罗斯·M斯塔尔著.鲁昌,许永国译.一般均衡理论[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2003年
[42]罗汉伟.WTO稀土争端尘埃落定入世议定书捆住中国手脚[J].中国经济周刊,2011年08月30日
[43]罗杰·珀曼,马越,迈克尔·科蒙著,侯元兆等译著.自然资源与环境经济学[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2002：223
[44]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆,1991
[45]马中.环境与自然经济学概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[46]梅新育.美国“公平贸易”政策下的贸易争端[J].经济世界,2001(9)：28
[47]民建中央专题调研组.推进我国能源价格形成机制的改革创新[J].中国经济导刊,2009(4)：31-33
[48]穆鸿铎.价格机制论[M].重庆：重庆出版社,1991：11-12
[49]牛晓帆.西方产业组织理论的演化与新发展[J].经济研究,2004(03)：116-123
[50]平狄克·鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学(第四版)[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
[51]乔彬、李国平、杨妮妮.产业聚集测度方法的演变和新发展[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(04)：124-133
[52]宋谨僖,钱梅芬,王兆松.赣南某稀土矿工人健康状况及劳动卫生学调查报告[J].赣南医学院学报,1988(01)：56-58
[53]孙枫.铁矿石价格的形成机制—基于复式拍卖模型的分析[J].盐城师范学院学报,2008(12)：31-32
[54]苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2009
[55]孙泽生、蒋帅都.中国稀土出口市场势力的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2009(4)：31-37
[56]唐国华,朱小静.农地征用补偿的公平价格问题探讨——基于马克思地租地价理论[J].经济研究导刊,2011(15)
[57]谭娜.世界狂挖中国稀土：草原的灾难[J].今日科苑,2011(22)：59-60
[58]唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20
[59]王波.我国战略性矿产资源储备的运作问题研究[J].学术论丛,2008,(52)
[60]王冰玉.浅谈我国矿业安全生的现状及应对策略[J].中国城市经济,2011(17)：233-234
[61]瓦尔拉斯.纯粹政治经济学要义中译本[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990
[62]王克强,俞虹.美、日两国矿产资源储备机制及其对我国的其实[J].经济体制改革,2011(05)：142-246
[63]王立彬.中国稀土等矿山从400个整合为116个,http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/13761102.html.
[64]汪荣有.经济公正论-社会主义市场经济条件下经济公正研究[M].北京：人民出版社,2010：167
[65]王万山.软件产品价格机制研究[D].江西财经大学博士学位论文,2003
[66]王媛媛.中国稀土出口落入“比较优势陷阱”的问题分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(06)
[67]王云霞、李国平.产业链现状研究综述[J].工业技术经济,2006(10)：59-63
[68]魏晓平,王立杰.矿产资源价值动态模型的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1997(1)：57-59
[69]瓮凤春.资源产品国际垄断价格的形成机制—以我国的稀土和铁矿石贸易为例[M].北方经贸,2011(3)
[70]吴文洁,胡健.我国石油税费制度及其国际比较分析[J].西安石油大学学报：社会科学版,2007(1)：5-13
[71]稀土永磁材料用途.http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
[72]夏佐铎,姚书振.矿产资源资产经济价值的研究[J].中国矿业,2002(4)：16-20
[73]谢地、邵波.论我国自然资源价格形成机制的重构[J].学习与探索,2005(6)：226--229
[74]徐大方,谢邦俊著.近代价格理论的逻辑发展[J].上海市：上海科学技术文献出版社,1995
[75]许大纯.国外矿产资源储备的立法例和主要法律制度及其对我国矿产资源储备立法的其实[J].资源、产业,2001(7)
[76]徐光宪.强烈呼吁国家建立稀土战略元素储备[J].中国高新区,2009(8)：17-18
[77]徐光宪,师昌绪.关于保护白云鄂博矿钍和稀土资源避免黄河和包头收到放射性污染的紧急呼吁[J].中国科学学院学刊,2005(6)：448-450
[78]徐光宪.稀土产业要加强知识产权保护[J].稀土信息,2004(1)：12-13
[79]姚傑宝.流域水权制度研究[D].河海大学博士论文,2005
[80]仰炬.我国大宗商品政府管制方法及策略研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2010
[81]杨新臣.危机中的中国稀土产业：关于定价权的悲剧[J].经济研究导刊,2009(36)：98-100
[82]杨英、林在进.铁矿石市场价格形成机制实证分析[J].中国物价,2009(10)：20-23
[83]杨艳红.WTO争端解决机制的不完全契约理论及启示[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2011(3)：15-19
[84]苑涛.WTO概论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：37-38
[85]约翰.伊特韦尔等编,陈岱孙主编译.新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典第二卷E-J[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996
[86]战勇.世界贸易组织WTO规则[M].大连：东北财经大学出版社,2009：23-24
[87]张伯伦.垄断竞争理论[M].上海：三联出版社,1958
[88]张敦富,魏金周,曹利军等.环境经济[M].北京：人民出版社,1994：45-47
[89]中国长城铝业公司和河南省物价局联合课题组.铝产品价格形成机制与市场调控研究[J].管理世界,1996(2)：117-122
[90]张光文.关于自然资源价格的形成及体系的探讨[J].现代经济探讨.2001(6)：26-29
[91]张建清.克林顿政府对外贸易政策调整剖析[J].世界经济,1998(10)：45
[92]张鲁波.中国稀土出口定价权研究[D].中国地质大学,2010
[93]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1996：6
[94]郑先勇,黄汉民.中国铁矿石谈判失利的成因分析-基于供需方博弈视角[J].国际经贸探索,2010(5)
[95]张新安,张迎新.美国能源部出台“关键矿产战略”[J].国际动态与参考,2011(11)：10
[96]赵新宇.不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D].吉林大学博士论文,2006
[97]赵新宇.论代际公平视角下不可再生资源利用的外部性[J].当代经济研究,2008(11)
[98]张元智.国际贸易领域反倾销措施合理性的探讨[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),1999(3)
[99]章铮.边际机会成本定价-自然资源定价的理论框架[J].自然资源学报.1996(11)：107-112
[100]曾敏,彭红霞,刘凤梅.安远新龙稀土矿山地质环境综合治理研究[J].金属矿山,2011(3)：136-139.
[101]周晓艳,汪德华.西方产业组织理论买方垄断势力衡量方法的述评[J].产业经济研究,2006(2)：68-74
[102]周志斌.自然资源价值探讨[J].国际石油经济,2004(1)
[103]A.John, R.Pecchenino. An Over Lapping Generations Model of Growth and the Environment. Journal of Economics.1994, (104):1393-1410
[104]Anthony N. Mariano, The Nature of Economic REE and Y Minerals on a World Level, Presented at the MIT Energy Initiative Workshop, April 29,2010
[105]Amartya Sen. Choice, Welfare and Measurement. Oxford:Blackwell; Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1982
[106]Amartya Sen. Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam:North-Holland,1985b
[107]Andreas Stamate. A Short History of the "Just Price" Controversy in the Ⅻ-th and ⅩⅢ-th Centuries. The Romanian Economic,2011,39:257-270
[108]Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa theologiae. Trans. and cd. M. Lefebure, New York: Mc Graw-Hill; London:Eyre Mehtuen,1975:215-216
[109]Arden, R.; Holly, S.; Turner, P. The Asymmetric Adjustment of Prices:Theory and Evidence from UK Manufacturing.Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics,1997
[110]Atkinson. The Economics of Inequality. Oxford:Clarendon Press, A.B.1975
[111]Atkinson. Social Justice and Public Policy. Brighton:Wheatsheaf. Cambridge. Mass:MIT Press, A.B.1983
[112]Bagwell Kyle, Robert W. Staiger. The Economics of the World Trading System. Cambridge:The MIS Press,2002:76-118
[113]Baker, Jonathan B.& Bresnahan, Timothy F.,1988.Estimating the Residual Demand Curve Facing a Single Firm, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.6(3), pages 283-300
[114]Benson, Bruce L.Spatial Price Theory and an Efficient Congestion Toll Established by the Free Market. Economic Inquiry,1984,22:244-252
[115]Benetti, Carlo; Cartelier, Jean. Money and Price Theory. International Journal of Applied Economics & Econometrics,2001,9:203-223
[116]Bradsher, Keith. Backpedaling, China Eases Proposal to Ban Exports of Some Vital Minerals, New York Times.2009,4
[117]Bradsher, Keith.China tightens grip on rare minerals, New York Times.2009,9
[118]Bringezu S, ed. Neue Ansaetze der Ummeltstatistik. Berlin:Birkhaeuser Verlag, 1995
[119]Bringezu S. Ressourcennutzung in Wirtschaftsr aeumen. Berlin:Springer Verlag, 2000
[120]Carruth, A. A.; Hooker, M. A.; Oswald, A. J. Unemployment Equilibrium and Input Prices:Theory and Evidence from the United States. University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS), 1997
[121]Cawood, F. T. Determining the Optimal Rent for South African Mineral Resources, PhD diss.,1999. University of the Witwatersr and Johannesburg, South Africa
[122]Cerda, R. A.. Market power and primary commodity prices:the case of copper. Applied Economics Letters 14(10),2007:775-778
[123]Chen X Q, Zhao T T, Guo Y Q, etal. Material Input and Output Analysis of Chinese Economy System. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitaties Pekinensis, 2003,39(4):538-547
[124]Chi-man Hui, Eddie; Sze-mun Ho, Vivian. Does the Planning System Affect Housing Prices? Theory and with Evidence from Hong Kong. Habitat International, 2003,27:339-259
[125]Christopher J.; Mitra, Pradeep K. Commodity Taxation with Administered and Free market Prices:Theory and an Application to China. Journal of Public Economics, 1992,47:207-225
[126]Clark, Stephen A. The Valuation Problem in Arbitrage Price Theory. Journal of Mathematical Economics,1993,22:463-478
[127]C. Peter Timmer. Rice Price Formation in the Short Run and Long Run:The Role of Market Structure in Explaining Volatility." CGD Working Paper 172. Washington, D.C.:Center for Global Development. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422136/,2009
[128]De Roover, R. The Concept of the Just Price:Theory and Economic Policy, Journal of Economic History,1958:418-434
[129]Dow, Louis A., Institutionalism and Contemporary Price Theory, American Journal of Economics & Sociology,1961,20:181-193
[130]D.W. Pearce, R.K.Turner. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment. Harvester Whesatsheaf,1990:321-342
[131]Erickson D L. Policies for the Planning and Reclamation of Coal-mined Landscapes:an International Comparison. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995, (4):453-468
[132]Fine, Ben. The Historical Approach to Rent and Price Theory Reconsidered. Australian Economic Papers,1983,22:132-143
[133]Foley, D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector. Yale Economic Essays. 1967,7(1):45-98
[134]Friedman, D. In defense of Thomas Aquinas and the Just Price. History of Political Economy,1980 12(2):234-242
[135]Gillman, Max. Keynes's Treatise:Aggregate Price Theory for Modern Analysis?, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought.2002,9:430-451
[136]Goldenberg, P.K. and Knetter, M.M., Measuring the Intensity of Competition in Export Markets, Journal of International Economics 47,27-60.1999
[137]Greenhut, John G.; Smith, Dean H. An Operational Model for Spatial Price Theory. Review of Regional Studies,1993(33):115-128
[138]Greenhut, John G.; Greenhut, M. L. Using Modern Price Theory, Not Herfindahl-Hirschman for Antitrust Principles and Policies. Journal of Forensic Economics, 1995(8):247-259.
[139]Hall,R.E., Market structure and macroeconomic fluctuations. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity,1986, pp.285-322
[140]Hall, R.E., The relation between Price and marginal cost in US industry Journal of Political Economy,1988, PP.921-947
[141]Hare, R.M. Moral Thinking:Its levels, Methods and Point. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1981
[142]Harsanyi, J.C. Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1955,63:309-321
[143]Hemler, Michael L.; Longstaff, Francis A. General Equilibrium Stock Index Futures Prices:Theory and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis,1991,26:287-308
[144]H.Hotelling. The Economics of Exhaustible Resources.Journal of Polition. 1934(39):137-175
[145]Hulsmann, Jorg G. From Value Theory to Praxeology. Introduction to The Third Edition of Epistemological Problems of Economics by Ludwig von Mises,2002
[146]Jeffrey A. Frankel, Andrew K. Rose. "Determinants of Agricultural and Mineral Commodity Prices" HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP10-038,2009
[147]Johnson, George E. Uncertainty and Price Theory:Comment. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1964,78:647-648
[148]Johan Rode. Iron Ore Price Start to Turn on the Spot.2009(10), http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9147c06e-b8e6-11de-98ee-00144feab49a.html#axzz1FbMI Gfdn
[149]J.Olson,C.KnaPP.Exhaustible Resources Allocation in an Overlapping Generations Economy. Journal of environmental economics and management.1997, (32):277-292
[150]Kamhon Kan; Sunny Kai-Sun Kwong, Louis; Ka-Yui Lung, Charles.The Dynamics and Volatility of Commercial and Residential Property Prices:Theory and Evidence. Journal of Regional Science,2004,44:95-123
[151]Keith R.Long, Bradley S.Van Gosen, Nora K. Foley, Developing a Rare Earth Elements Mine,2010, http://geology.com/usgs/developing-a-rare-earth-elements-mine/
[152]Knipers J R, Carlson C. Hardrock. Reclamation Bonding Practices in the Western United State. National Wildlife Federation, February,2000
[153]Krugman, P., Pricing to Market When the Exchange Rate Changes, NBER, Working Paper 1926,1986
[154]Lee, Frederic S.Marginalist Controversy and Post Keynesian Price Theory. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,1990,13:252-263
[155]Lee, Frederic S. From Post-Keynesian to Historical Price Theory, Part Ⅰ:Facts, Theory and Empirically Grounded Pricing Model. Review of Political Economy,1994, 6:303-336
[156]Lee, Frederic S. Pricing, the Pricing Model and Post-Keynesian Price Theory. Review of Political Economy,1996,8:87-99
[157]Liebhafsky, H. H. Price Theory as Jurisprudence:Law and Economics, Chicago Style. Journal of Economic Issues (Association for Evolutionary Economics),1976,10: 23-43
[158]Litzenberger, Robert H.; Ramaswamy, Krishna. The Effect of Personal Taxes and Dividends on Capital Asset Prices:Theory and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics,1979,7:163-195
[159]Meek, R. Studies on the Labor Theory of Value.2nd edn. New York. London: Monthly view Press,1973:12-13
[160]Mills, Edwin S. Uncertainty and Price Theory. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1959,73:116-130
[161]Montgomery, E. Shaw, K. Pensions and wages:An Hedonic Price Theory Approach. International Economic Review,1992,33:111-128
[162]Murphy, Robert P. The Labor Theory of Value:A Critique of Carson's Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. Journal of Libertarian Studies.2006,20:17-33
[163]Osborne, Theresa. Market News in Commodity Price Theory:Application to the Ethiopian Grain Market. Review of Economic Studies,2004,71:133-164
[164]Price A H, Nance A S. Export Barriers and Global Trade in Raw Materials:The Steel Industry Experience. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/10/43959882.pdf
[165]P. Diamond. National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model. American Economics Review.1965 (4):1126-1150
[166]P.G.Babu, K.S.Kumar, N.S.Murthy. An over lapping generations model with exhaustible resources and stock Pollution. Ecological Economics.1997, (21):35-43
[167]Pigou. The Economics of Welfare.4th edn. London:Macmillan, A.C.1952
[168]Radetzki, Marian. A Handbook of Primary Commodities in the Global Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge UP,2008
[169]Rawls. J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge. Mass:Harvard University Press,1971: 60-65
[170]R.B.Howarth, R.B.Norgaard. Intergeneration Resource Right, Efficiency and Social optimally. Land Economics.1990(66):1-11
[171]R.B.Howarth. Intergenerational Equilibria and Exhaustible Resources:an Over Lapping Generation Approach. Eeologieal Economies.1991(3):237-252
[172]R.B.Howarth. Intergenerational Equilibria and Exhaustible Resources Constraint. Environmental Economy Management.1991(21):225-243
[173]R.B.Howarth, R.B.Norgaard. Environmental Valuation under Sustainable Development. American Economic Review.1992(82):473-477
[174]Rhee, Robert J. A Price Theory of Legal Bargaining:An Inquiry into the Selection of Settlement and Litigation under Uncertainty. Emory Law Journal,2007,56:619-692.
[175]Rothbard, Murray N. An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, vol.Ⅰ Economic Thought before Adam Smith, Ludwig von Mises Institute. Auburn, Alabama,1995
[176]Roberta Piermartini E. The Role of Export Taxes in the Field of Primary Commodities,2004, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/discussion_papers4_e.pdf
[177]Shapiro, Nina; Sawyer, Malcolm. Post Keynesian Price Theory. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,2003(25):355-365
[178]Simon A. Schropp. Trade Policy Flexibility and Enforcement in the WTO:A Law and Economics Analysis. London:Cambridge University Press,2009:48-62
[179]Tan, Ling Hui, Krishna, Kala. The Dynamic Behavior of Quota License Prices: Theory and Evidence from the Hong Kong Apparel Quotas. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series:1136,1993
[180]Vance, Laurence M. The Myth of the Just Price The Lou Church Memorial Lecture in Religion and Economics. Austrian Scholars Conference,2008
[181]Vigdor, Jacob L. Liquidity Constraints and Housing Prices:Theory and Evidence from the VA Mortgage. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers:10611,2004
[182]Weintraub, Sidney. Real Versus Price Theories of Distribution. American Economic Review,1961,51:62-73
[183]World Trade Report 2010 Trade in Natural Resources, http://www.wto.org
[184]Wren, Daniel A. Medieval or Modern? A Scholastic's View of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics.2000,28:109-119
③国务院关于促进稀土行业持续健康发展的若干意见,有色冶金节能,2011-08-15
①叶宏伟.国际市场势力与出口商品结构升级[D],浙江大学博士论文,2011：9
①湘财证券钢铁有色研究小组.稀土行业深度研究报告,2010(4)：6
②稀上永磁材料用途http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
③根据唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20整理
④根据蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23整理
⑤根据郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15整理
①根据李永绣,周新木,辜子英.稀土抛光材料的生产、应用及其新进展[J].稀土,2002(10)：71-74整理
①李世福.世界价格理论研究成果综述[J].太原师范学院学报,2007(1)
②王万山.软件产品价格机制研究[D].江西财经大学博士学位论文,2003
①交易势力是本文以市场势力为基础提出的一个概念,关于交易势力的文献总结,主要是梳理国内外关于市场势力的研究
①湘财证券钢铁有色研究小组.稀土行业深度研究报告,2010(4)：6
②稀土永磁材料用途http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
③根据唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20整理
④根据蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23整理
⑤根据郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15整理
①王世春著.论公平贸易[M].北京：商务印书馆,2006(12)：16-17
①随市场定价行为是指：美元升值条件下,出口商维持原价,或者提高出口价格的现象,是出口商市场势力的体现
①刘光溪.多哈会议与WTO首轮谈判多边贸易谈判文件集[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2002：4
①扫描WTO.标准计量与质量,2001(12)
②非歧视性贸易原则.中国农业科技导报,200(2)：75
①汤明.鄱阳湖九江濒湖县区生态补偿研究[D].南昌大学硕士论文,2010-01-05
②刘劲松.中国矿产资源补偿机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2005(2)
③谢地,邵波.论我国自然资源价格形成机制的重构[J].学习与探索,2005(6)：226229
④李国平,张云.矿产资源的价值补偿模式及国际经验[J].资源科学,2005(9)：70-76
①侯东哲,李振宇,沈健等.浅析资源补偿制度的形成原理-以矿产资源为例[J].现代商业,2008(3)
②安晓明.自然资源价值及其补偿问题研究[D].吉林大学博士论文,2004
①黄和平,毕军,张炳等.物质流分析研究述评[J].生态学报,2007(1)
①平狄克·鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学(第四版)[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
①REO表示稀土氧化物,国际上通常将稀土储量、矿物及产品产量等折合为稀土氧化物的重量计量
②苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2009：47
①Dr. Anthony N. Mariano, The Nature of Economic REE and Y Minerals on a World Level, presented at the MIT Energy Initiative Workshop, April 29,2010
②U.S. Department of Energy, Critical Materials Strategy, December 2010
①我国稀土产业现状和发展趋势,中国冶金报,2010-5-25
①思远.2010年美国稀土产业状况[J].稀土信息,2011(3)
①赵新宇.不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D].吉林大学博士论文,2006
②任海兵.矿产资源有偿获取研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2011
①赵新宇.论代际公平视角下不可再生资源利用的外部性[J].当代经济研究,2008(11)
②高志强,周启星.稀十矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011(12)：2915-2922
①吴文洁,胡健.我国石油税费制度及其国际比较分析[J].西安石油大学学报：社会科学版,2007,16(1)：5-13
①卢朝栋.美国矿产资源管理简况[J].矿产保护与利用,1985(6)
①卢朝栋.美国矿产资源管理简况[J].矿产保护与利用,1985(6)
①王冰玉.浅谈我国矿业安全生的现状及应对策略[J].中国城市经济,2011(17)：233-234
①贾健,青木,纪双城等.多国费尽心思“淘”稀土[N].环球时报,2011-05-14
①王媛媛.中国稀土出口落入“比较优势陷阱”的问题分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(6)：5960
①国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015),2009-01-07,http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zytz/200901/t20090107_113776.htm
①中华人民共和国国务院第592号令.土地复垦条例,2011-03-05,news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2011-03/11/c_121176719.htm
②Knipers J R, Carlson C. Hardrock. Reclamation Bonding Practices in theWestern United State. National Wildlife Federation, February,2000
③Erickson D L. Policies for the Planning and Reclamation of Coal-mined Landscapes:an International Comparison. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995, (4):453-468
①金丹,卞正富.国内外十地复垦政策法规比较与借鉴[J].中国土地科学,2009(10)：67-72
②曾敏,彭红霞,刘凤梅.安远新龙稀土矿山地质环境综合治理研究[J].金属矿山,2011(3)：136-139
①郭锦辉.中国稀上产权现状状况.中国经济时报,2011-10-20
[1]保罗·A.萨缪尔森,陈迅,白远良译.萨缪尔森辞典[M].北京：京华出版社,2001
[2]鲍荣华,关凤俊.矿产资源保护的理论基点[J].中国地质,1995(7)：18-19
[3]曹建海.关于“过度竞争”的经济学含义[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,1999(06)：12-17
[4]陈志.论公平价格理论与我国粮食直补政策的完善[J].农业现代化研究,2008(05)
[5]陈昆玉.信息经济评述[J].情报理论与实践,2001(3),175-177
[6]邓家妹,邓家询.2005.坚持科学发展观,实现我国稀土产业可持续发展.世界有色金属,3(2)：10—13.
[7]方建春、宋玉华.资源性商品国际市场上中国的市场势力研究[J].财贸经济,2010(6)：67-72
[8]方敏、胡小平.加入世贸组织对中国矿产资源国家安全的影响和策略[J].中国地质矿业经济,2002(8)：12-15
[9]国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015),2009-01-07,http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zytz/200901/t20090107_113776.htm
[10]贺小勇.WTO框架下中美原材料出口限制争端的法律问题[J].国际商务研究,2010(3)：3-18
[11]侯东哲、李振宇、沈健、周小林.浅析资源补偿制度的形成原理——以矿产资源为例[J].现代商业,2008
[12]高志强,周启星.稀土矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011(12)：2915-2922
[13]郭芳.代表性国家矿产资源状况、保障措施及其启其实[J].中国矿业,2009,(03)
[14]郭耘,卢冠忠.稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2007(2)：1-15
[15]红枫.中国是如何动摇我们的稀土产业的——法国罗纳公司《稀土跟踪》刊文[J].稀土信息,1992(12)：1-3
[16]胡振琪、程琳琳.我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的构想[J].环境保护,2006(19)
[17](美)J·S·贝恩.产业组织[M],北京：商务印书馆,1981：141-148
[18]贾格迪什·巴格瓦蒂.雷薇译.现代自由贸易[M],北京：中信出版社,2003：38
[19]季杰.国际管理贸易的发展及其影响[J].国外经济管理,1998(3)：36
[20]江南.世界稀土产业格局的异变与中国的应对[J].经济论坛,2010(11)：162-164
[21]蒋利军.稀土储氢材料现状及展望[J].四川稀土,2010(1)：18-23
[22]江西省发改委.江西稀土产业发展指导意见,http://www.jxdpc.gov.cn/cydx/cyzc/201011/t20101128_29667.htm,2007年1月15日
[23]金丹,卞正富.国内外土地复垦政策法规比较与借鉴[J].中国土地科学,2009(10)：67-72
[24]金建.社会主义初级阶段价格机制理论[M].广州：新世纪出版社,1989：38
[25]金赛美.“两型”社会建设中资源价格形成机制的分析与思考[J].价格月刊,2009(11)：91-93
[26]卡恩.规制经济学：原理与制度[M].北京：商务印书馆,1970
[27]凯恩斯.就业、利息和货币通论[M].北京：商务印书馆,2002
[28]雷春文,林大全.稀土金属生产对作业工人健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,1985(05)：278-282
[29]雷明.可持续发展下绿色核算[M].北京：地质出版社,1999
[30]李纲.微观信息经济学的理论与应用[J].情报理论与实践,1997(4)：199-201
[31]李国平,李恒伟.基于矿产资源租的国内外矿产资源有偿使用制度比较[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(2)：153-159
[32]李国平,李恒伟,龚杰昌.矿产资源税计征公式改革研究[J].资源科学,2011(5)： 838-843
[33]李男,孟磊.我国矿产资源权利金制度构建研究——谈美国矿产资源权利金制度对我国的启发与借鉴[J].经济师,2008(12)：108-109
[34]李世福.世界价格理论研究成果综述[J].太原师范学院学报,2007(1)
[35]李小月,卢锟.国际能源价格变动对我国能源价格机制形成的影响[J].中国矿业,2008(1)：59-62
[36]李艺、汪寿阳.大宗商品国际定价权研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2007
[37]李宗键、艾明娟.中国的稀土出口定价影响力分析[J].知识经济,2010(3)：71
[38]厉以宁,涯尔福特.资源核算与价格政策工作组工作报告.中国环境与发展国际合作委员会文件汇编[M].北京：中国环境出版社,1995：36-67
[39]梁咏.WTO框架下稀土纠纷可能引致之争端与解决[J].太平洋学报,2011(5)：60-68
[40]刘劲松.中国矿产资源补偿机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2005(02)
[41]罗斯·M斯塔尔著.鲁昌,许永国译.一般均衡理论[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2003年
[42]罗汉伟.WTO稀土争端尘埃落定入世议定书捆住中国手脚[J].中国经济周刊,2011年08月30日
[43]罗杰·珀曼,马越,迈克尔·科蒙著,侯元兆等译著.自然资源与环境经济学[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2002：223
[44]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆,1991
[45]马中.环境与自然经济学概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[46]梅新育.美国“公平贸易”政策下的贸易争端[J].经济世界,2001(9)：28
[47]民建中央专题调研组.推进我国能源价格形成机制的改革创新[J].中国经济导刊,2009(4)：31-33
[48]穆鸿铎.价格机制论[M].重庆：重庆出版社,1991：11-12
[49]牛晓帆.西方产业组织理论的演化与新发展[J].经济研究,2004(03)：116-123
[50]平狄克·鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学(第四版)[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
[51]乔彬、李国平、杨妮妮.产业聚集测度方法的演变和新发展[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007(04)：124-133
[52]宋谨僖,钱梅芬,王兆松.赣南某稀土矿工人健康状况及劳动卫生学调查报告[J].赣南医学院学报,1988(01)：56-58
[53]孙枫.铁矿石价格的形成机制—基于复式拍卖模型的分析[J].盐城师范学院学报,2008(12)：31-32
[54]苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究[M].北京：中国财政经济出版社,2009
[55]孙泽生、蒋帅都.中国稀土出口市场势力的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2009(4)：31-37
[56]唐国华,朱小静.农地征用补偿的公平价格问题探讨——基于马克思地租地价理论[J].经济研究导刊,2011(15)
[57]谭娜.世界狂挖中国稀土：草原的灾难[J].今日科苑,2011(22)：59-60
[58]唐寅轩.浅谈我国稀土荧光材料市场[J].中国金属通报,2011(17)：20
[59]王波.我国战略性矿产资源储备的运作问题研究[J].学术论丛,2008,(52)
[60]王冰玉.浅谈我国矿业安全生的现状及应对策略[J].中国城市经济,2011(17)：233-234
[61]瓦尔拉斯.纯粹政治经济学要义中译本[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990
[62]王克强,俞虹.美、日两国矿产资源储备机制及其对我国的其实[J].经济体制改革,2011(05)：142-246
[63]王立彬.中国稀土等矿山从400个整合为116个,http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/13761102.html.
[64]汪荣有.经济公正论-社会主义市场经济条件下经济公正研究[M].北京：人民出版社,2010：167
[65]王万山.软件产品价格机制研究[D].江西财经大学博士学位论文,2003
[66]王媛媛.中国稀土出口落入“比较优势陷阱”的问题分析[J].中国集体经济,2011(06)
[67]王云霞、李国平.产业链现状研究综述[J].工业技术经济,2006(10)：59-63
[68]魏晓平,王立杰.矿产资源价值动态模型的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1997(1)：57-59
[69]瓮凤春.资源产品国际垄断价格的形成机制—以我国的稀土和铁矿石贸易为例[M].北方经贸,2011(3)
[70]吴文洁,胡健.我国石油税费制度及其国际比较分析[J].西安石油大学学报：社会科学版,2007(1)：5-13
[71]稀土永磁材料用途.http://www.xscy.cn/xgzs/165922776.htm
[72]夏佐铎,姚书振.矿产资源资产经济价值的研究[J].中国矿业,2002(4)：16-20
[73]谢地、邵波.论我国自然资源价格形成机制的重构[J].学习与探索,2005(6)：226--229
[74]徐大方,谢邦俊著.近代价格理论的逻辑发展[J].上海市：上海科学技术文献出版社,1995
[75]许大纯.国外矿产资源储备的立法例和主要法律制度及其对我国矿产资源储备立法的其实[J].资源、产业,2001(7)
[76]徐光宪.强烈呼吁国家建立稀土战略元素储备[J].中国高新区,2009(8)：17-18
[77]徐光宪,师昌绪.关于保护白云鄂博矿钍和稀土资源避免黄河和包头收到放射性污染的紧急呼吁[J].中国科学学院学刊,2005(6)：448-450
[78]徐光宪.稀土产业要加强知识产权保护[J].稀土信息,2004(1)：12-13
[79]姚傑宝.流域水权制度研究[D].河海大学博士论文,2005
[80]仰炬.我国大宗商品政府管制方法及策略研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2010
[81]杨新臣.危机中的中国稀土产业：关于定价权的悲剧[J].经济研究导刊,2009(36)：98-100
[82]杨英、林在进.铁矿石市场价格形成机制实证分析[J].中国物价,2009(10)：20-23
[83]杨艳红.WTO争端解决机制的不完全契约理论及启示[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2011(3)：15-19
[84]苑涛.WTO概论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：37-38
[85]约翰.伊特韦尔等编,陈岱孙主编译.新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典第二卷E-J[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996
[86]战勇.世界贸易组织WTO规则[M].大连：东北财经大学出版社,2009：23-24
[87]张伯伦.垄断竞争理论[M].上海：三联出版社,1958
[88]张敦富,魏金周,曹利军等.环境经济[M].北京：人民出版社,1994：45-47
[89]中国长城铝业公司和河南省物价局联合课题组.铝产品价格形成机制与市场调控研究[J].管理世界,1996(2)：117-122
[90]张光文.关于自然资源价格的形成及体系的探讨[J].现代经济探讨.2001(6)：26-29
[91]张建清.克林顿政府对外贸易政策调整剖析[J].世界经济,1998(10)：45
[92]张鲁波.中国稀土出口定价权研究[D].中国地质大学,2010
[93]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1996：6
[94]郑先勇,黄汉民.中国铁矿石谈判失利的成因分析-基于供需方博弈视角[J].国际经贸探索,2010(5)
[95]张新安,张迎新.美国能源部出台“关键矿产战略”[J].国际动态与参考,2011(11)：10
[96]赵新宇.不可再生资源可持续利用的经济学分析[D].吉林大学博士论文,2006
[97]赵新宇.论代际公平视角下不可再生资源利用的外部性[J].当代经济研究,2008(11)
[98]张元智.国际贸易领域反倾销措施合理性的探讨[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),1999(3)
[99]章铮.边际机会成本定价-自然资源定价的理论框架[J].自然资源学报.1996(11)：107-112
[100]曾敏,彭红霞,刘凤梅.安远新龙稀土矿山地质环境综合治理研究[J].金属矿山,2011(3)：136-139.
[101]周晓艳,汪德华.西方产业组织理论买方垄断势力衡量方法的述评[J].产业经济研究,2006(2)：68-74
[102]周志斌.自然资源价值探讨[J].国际石油经济,2004(1)
[103]A.John, R.Pecchenino. An Over Lapping Generations Model of Growth and the Environment. Journal of Economics.1994, (104):1393-1410
[104]Anthony N. Mariano, The Nature of Economic REE and Y Minerals on a World Level, Presented at the MIT Energy Initiative Workshop, April 29,2010
[105]Amartya Sen. Choice, Welfare and Measurement. Oxford:Blackwell; Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1982
[106]Amartya Sen. Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam:North-Holland,1985b
[107]Andreas Stamate. A Short History of the "Just Price" Controversy in the Ⅻ-th and ⅩⅢ-th Centuries. The Romanian Economic,2011,39:257-270
[108]Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa theologiae. Trans. and cd. M. Lefebure, New York: Mc Graw-Hill; London:Eyre Mehtuen,1975:215-216
[109]Arden, R.; Holly, S.; Turner, P. The Asymmetric Adjustment of Prices:Theory and Evidence from UK Manufacturing.Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics,1997
[110]Atkinson. The Economics of Inequality. Oxford:Clarendon Press, A.B.1975
[111]Atkinson. Social Justice and Public Policy. Brighton:Wheatsheaf. Cambridge. Mass:MIT Press, A.B.1983
[112]Bagwell Kyle, Robert W. Staiger. The Economics of the World Trading System. Cambridge:The MIS Press,2002:76-118
[113]Baker, Jonathan B.& Bresnahan, Timothy F.,1988.Estimating the Residual Demand Curve Facing a Single Firm, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.6(3), pages 283-300
[114]Benson, Bruce L.Spatial Price Theory and an Efficient Congestion Toll Established by the Free Market. Economic Inquiry,1984,22:244-252
[115]Benetti, Carlo; Cartelier, Jean. Money and Price Theory. International Journal of Applied Economics & Econometrics,2001,9:203-223
[116]Bradsher, Keith. Backpedaling, China Eases Proposal to Ban Exports of Some Vital Minerals, New York Times.2009,4
[117]Bradsher, Keith.China tightens grip on rare minerals, New York Times.2009,9
[118]Bringezu S, ed. Neue Ansaetze der Ummeltstatistik. Berlin:Birkhaeuser Verlag, 1995
[119]Bringezu S. Ressourcennutzung in Wirtschaftsr aeumen. Berlin:Springer Verlag, 2000
[120]Carruth, A. A.; Hooker, M. A.; Oswald, A. J. Unemployment Equilibrium and Input Prices:Theory and Evidence from the United States. University of Warwick, Department of Economics, The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS), 1997
[121]Cawood, F. T. Determining the Optimal Rent for South African Mineral Resources, PhD diss.,1999. University of the Witwatersr and Johannesburg, South Africa
[122]Cerda, R. A.. Market power and primary commodity prices:the case of copper. Applied Economics Letters 14(10),2007:775-778
[123]Chen X Q, Zhao T T, Guo Y Q, etal. Material Input and Output Analysis of Chinese Economy System. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitaties Pekinensis, 2003,39(4):538-547
[124]Chi-man Hui, Eddie; Sze-mun Ho, Vivian. Does the Planning System Affect Housing Prices? Theory and with Evidence from Hong Kong. Habitat International, 2003,27:339-259
[125]Christopher J.; Mitra, Pradeep K. Commodity Taxation with Administered and Free market Prices:Theory and an Application to China. Journal of Public Economics, 1992,47:207-225
[126]Clark, Stephen A. The Valuation Problem in Arbitrage Price Theory. Journal of Mathematical Economics,1993,22:463-478
[127]C. Peter Timmer. Rice Price Formation in the Short Run and Long Run:The Role of Market Structure in Explaining Volatility." CGD Working Paper 172. Washington, D.C.:Center for Global Development. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422136/,2009
[128]De Roover, R. The Concept of the Just Price:Theory and Economic Policy, Journal of Economic History,1958:418-434
[129]Dow, Louis A., Institutionalism and Contemporary Price Theory, American Journal of Economics & Sociology,1961,20:181-193
[130]D.W. Pearce, R.K.Turner. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment. Harvester Whesatsheaf,1990:321-342
[131]Erickson D L. Policies for the Planning and Reclamation of Coal-mined Landscapes:an International Comparison. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995, (4):453-468
[132]Fine, Ben. The Historical Approach to Rent and Price Theory Reconsidered. Australian Economic Papers,1983,22:132-143
[133]Foley, D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector. Yale Economic Essays. 1967,7(1):45-98
[134]Friedman, D. In defense of Thomas Aquinas and the Just Price. History of Political Economy,1980 12(2):234-242
[135]Gillman, Max. Keynes's Treatise:Aggregate Price Theory for Modern Analysis?, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought.2002,9:430-451
[136]Goldenberg, P.K. and Knetter, M.M., Measuring the Intensity of Competition in Export Markets, Journal of International Economics 47,27-60.1999
[137]Greenhut, John G.; Smith, Dean H. An Operational Model for Spatial Price Theory. Review of Regional Studies,1993(33):115-128
[138]Greenhut, John G.; Greenhut, M. L. Using Modern Price Theory, Not Herfindahl-Hirschman for Antitrust Principles and Policies. Journal of Forensic Economics, 1995(8):247-259.
[139]Hall,R.E., Market structure and macroeconomic fluctuations. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity,1986, pp.285-322
[140]Hall, R.E., The relation between Price and marginal cost in US industry Journal of Political Economy,1988, PP.921-947
[141]Hare, R.M. Moral Thinking:Its levels, Methods and Point. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1981
[142]Harsanyi, J.C. Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1955,63:309-321
[143]Hemler, Michael L.; Longstaff, Francis A. General Equilibrium Stock Index Futures Prices:Theory and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis,1991,26:287-308
[144]H.Hotelling. The Economics of Exhaustible Resources.Journal of Polition. 1934(39):137-175
[145]Hulsmann, Jorg G. From Value Theory to Praxeology. Introduction to The Third Edition of Epistemological Problems of Economics by Ludwig von Mises,2002
[146]Jeffrey A. Frankel, Andrew K. Rose. "Determinants of Agricultural and Mineral Commodity Prices" HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP10-038,2009
[147]Johnson, George E. Uncertainty and Price Theory:Comment. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1964,78:647-648
[148]Johan Rode. Iron Ore Price Start to Turn on the Spot.2009(10), http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9147c06e-b8e6-11de-98ee-00144feab49a.html#axzz1FbMI Gfdn
[149]J.Olson,C.KnaPP.Exhaustible Resources Allocation in an Overlapping Generations Economy. Journal of environmental economics and management.1997, (32):277-292
[150]Kamhon Kan; Sunny Kai-Sun Kwong, Louis; Ka-Yui Lung, Charles.The Dynamics and Volatility of Commercial and Residential Property Prices:Theory and Evidence. Journal of Regional Science,2004,44:95-123
[151]Keith R.Long, Bradley S.Van Gosen, Nora K. Foley, Developing a Rare Earth Elements Mine,2010, http://geology.com/usgs/developing-a-rare-earth-elements-mine/
[152]Knipers J R, Carlson C. Hardrock. Reclamation Bonding Practices in the Western United State. National Wildlife Federation, February,2000
[153]Krugman, P., Pricing to Market When the Exchange Rate Changes, NBER, Working Paper 1926,1986
[154]Lee, Frederic S.Marginalist Controversy and Post Keynesian Price Theory. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,1990,13:252-263
[155]Lee, Frederic S. From Post-Keynesian to Historical Price Theory, Part Ⅰ:Facts, Theory and Empirically Grounded Pricing Model. Review of Political Economy,1994, 6:303-336
[156]Lee, Frederic S. Pricing, the Pricing Model and Post-Keynesian Price Theory. Review of Political Economy,1996,8:87-99
[157]Liebhafsky, H. H. Price Theory as Jurisprudence:Law and Economics, Chicago Style. Journal of Economic Issues (Association for Evolutionary Economics),1976,10: 23-43
[158]Litzenberger, Robert H.; Ramaswamy, Krishna. The Effect of Personal Taxes and Dividends on Capital Asset Prices:Theory and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics,1979,7:163-195
[159]Meek, R. Studies on the Labor Theory of Value.2nd edn. New York. London: Monthly view Press,1973:12-13
[160]Mills, Edwin S. Uncertainty and Price Theory. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1959,73:116-130
[161]Montgomery, E. Shaw, K. Pensions and wages:An Hedonic Price Theory Approach. International Economic Review,1992,33:111-128
[162]Murphy, Robert P. The Labor Theory of Value:A Critique of Carson's Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. Journal of Libertarian Studies.2006,20:17-33
[163]Osborne, Theresa. Market News in Commodity Price Theory:Application to the Ethiopian Grain Market. Review of Economic Studies,2004,71:133-164
[164]Price A H, Nance A S. Export Barriers and Global Trade in Raw Materials:The Steel Industry Experience. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/10/43959882.pdf
[165]P. Diamond. National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model. American Economics Review.1965 (4):1126-1150
[166]P.G.Babu, K.S.Kumar, N.S.Murthy. An over lapping generations model with exhaustible resources and stock Pollution. Ecological Economics.1997, (21):35-43
[167]Pigou. The Economics of Welfare.4th edn. London:Macmillan, A.C.1952
[168]Radetzki, Marian. A Handbook of Primary Commodities in the Global Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge UP,2008
[169]Rawls. J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge. Mass:Harvard University Press,1971: 60-65
[170]R.B.Howarth, R.B.Norgaard. Intergeneration Resource Right, Efficiency and Social optimally. Land Economics.1990(66):1-11
[171]R.B.Howarth. Intergenerational Equilibria and Exhaustible Resources:an Over Lapping Generation Approach. Eeologieal Economies.1991(3):237-252
[172]R.B.Howarth. Intergenerational Equilibria and Exhaustible Resources Constraint. Environmental Economy Management.1991(21):225-243
[173]R.B.Howarth, R.B.Norgaard. Environmental Valuation under Sustainable Development. American Economic Review.1992(82):473-477
[174]Rhee, Robert J. A Price Theory of Legal Bargaining:An Inquiry into the Selection of Settlement and Litigation under Uncertainty. Emory Law Journal,2007,56:619-692.
[175]Rothbard, Murray N. An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, vol.Ⅰ Economic Thought before Adam Smith, Ludwig von Mises Institute. Auburn, Alabama,1995
[176]Roberta Piermartini E. The Role of Export Taxes in the Field of Primary Commodities,2004, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/discussion_papers4_e.pdf
[177]Shapiro, Nina; Sawyer, Malcolm. Post Keynesian Price Theory. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,2003(25):355-365
[178]Simon A. Schropp. Trade Policy Flexibility and Enforcement in the WTO:A Law and Economics Analysis. London:Cambridge University Press,2009:48-62
[179]Tan, Ling Hui, Krishna, Kala. The Dynamic Behavior of Quota License Prices: Theory and Evidence from the Hong Kong Apparel Quotas. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series:1136,1993
[180]Vance, Laurence M. The Myth of the Just Price The Lou Church Memorial Lecture in Religion and Economics. Austrian Scholars Conference,2008
[181]Vigdor, Jacob L. Liquidity Constraints and Housing Prices:Theory and Evidence from the VA Mortgage. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers:10611,2004
[182]Weintraub, Sidney. Real Versus Price Theories of Distribution. American Economic Review,1961,51:62-73
[183]World Trade Report 2010 Trade in Natural Resources, http://www.wto.org
[184]Wren, Daniel A. Medieval or Modern? A Scholastic's View of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics.2000,28:109-119
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |