设施盐渍化土壤离子互作及生态修复研究
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摘要
本研究是在对崇明现代农业园区设施栽培区域土壤质量调查的基础上，针对设施土壤离子互作和对芹菜生长及元素吸收的影响、不同类型改良剂对设施土壤和黄瓜产量效应进行的研究。该研究主要分为三部分，主要研究结果如下:
1．为了达到针对不同程度问题土壤进行不同管理的目的，本研究对崇明现代农业园区设施土壤原位EC值、土壤有机质含量、pH值及盐分含量和芦笋(AsparagusOfficinalis L.)产量的空间变异性进行了分析。结果显示，在每个管理区域，温室土壤有机质、pH值、盐分含量及其成份表现出弱或中等的变异，而在整个区域表现出中等或强的空间变异性。这表明，土壤性质的变化的主导因子是施肥等人为因素，而土壤性质的自然变化则处于次要位置。土壤中钠盐并不是主导盐分，而钙镁盐含量偏高（ESP <15）。原位EC值和1:5土水比测定的土壤EC值有显著的正相关关系。95%以上的温室土壤的盐分含量超过一般蔬菜最佳生长所需的上限。虽然在每个管理区域内芦笋产量表现出较弱的空间变异性，但不同施肥管理措施显著影响设施栽培下的芦笋产量，并且高盐分含量会导致芦笋产量的显著下降。
为研究温室土壤质量退化的原因，于2007-2009年分别跟踪调查了温室连作（芦笋）、温室轮作（主要种植黄瓜、茄子、西红柿、南瓜和辣椒等）及露地轮作（花菜-玉米）下，农户施肥和灌溉后作物产量及土壤质量的变化。结果发现，不同种植制度显著影响土壤质量。温室栽培显著提高了土壤中有机碳、矿质氮、有效磷和可交换钾的含量，温室连作和温室轮作分别导致土壤pH下降0.6和0.4个单位，而露地土壤pH值变化不大。同时，温室栽培的土壤中硝酸盐和氯离子含量均显著增加，温室土壤盐渍化随种植年限的增加有加重的趋势，而露地土壤盐分变化不明显。另外，尤其是芦笋单作温室，土壤EC值甚至高达10mS cm~(-1)以上，远远高于露地花菜-玉米轮作土壤的0.27mS cm~(-1)。调查发现，农户缺乏田间管理指导、一味追求短时期内的高产、温室栽培复种指数高、过量施用无机肥是导致温室土壤严重盐渍化的主要原因。另外，不当灌溉也是其中一个原因。
2．为研究磷、钾对不同钙镁水平下土壤中有效元素含量、作物生长及元素吸收的影响，本研究采用由运用高位草炭和沙子按95：5（w/w）混合制成的含有3%有机质的模拟土壤，在模拟土壤中种植芹菜，并定期浇施营养液，然后跟踪调查模拟土壤性质及芹菜生长、产量、品质和营养吸收状况。研究结果显示，磷和钙镁有显著的互作关系，磷能降低模拟土壤的EC值，尤其是在高钙镁水平下，和对照相比，磷能显著降低模拟土壤的EC值。同时，磷在0~4mM之间，随着磷浓度的提高，芹菜地上部鲜重、干物量、叶面积、以及叶片中的磷、钙和镁浓度均显著地增加，而根冠比、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量，可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C及氮钾浓度却均有下降的趋势。和低（钙4mM和镁4mM）、高水平（钙16mM和镁16mM）的钙镁相比，中水平（钙8mM和镁8mM）的钙镁显著的提高了芹菜地上部鲜重、总干物量和叶面积。本研究显示，在中钙镁水平下，4~8mM的磷供应对芹菜的营养需求是合适的。和对照相比，钾处理和钙镁处理均显著提高了土壤的EC值。虽然土壤中钙镁随着钾浓度的提高有下降的趋势，但在每一个钾水平上，随着钙镁水平的提高能显著提高土壤中可利用镁的含量，显著降低钾的含量，而对钙的含量没有显著的影响。另外，土壤中可利用锰的含量随着钙镁水平的增加有上升的趋势。相关分析表明，土壤中可利用钾含量和芹菜根、茎、叶中钾含量分别存在显著的正相关关系；土壤中的钙、镁分别和芹菜茎和叶中的钙和镁有显著的相关关系。和对照相比，钾显著提高了芹菜产量，而高的钙镁水平却显著抑制芹菜的生长。回归分析显示，芹菜茎中的可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别和土壤的EC值存在二次相关关系；芹菜根中的钾含量与钠和镁含量分别存在显著的负相关关系，而与钙含量没有显著的相关关系。芹菜茎和叶中的钾含量与钠和钙含量分别存在显著的负相关关系，而与镁含量没有显著的相关关系。
3．为研究不同类型改良剂对温室土壤性质和黄瓜产量及品质的影响，本研究选用有机物料（草炭、谷糠、芦笋秸秆、草屑和大豆秸秆）、吸附物料（风化煤和活性炭）、螯合剂（木酢溶解壳聚糖、乙酸溶解壳聚糖）、微生物菌肥（木霉菌、连茬王和护根宝）和无机肥料（硫酸亚铁、磷酸二氢钾和氯化钾）等五种不同类型改良剂作为试验材料。结果显示，不同有机物料的有效元素含量差异显著，谷糠碳含量高、芦笋秸秆钾含量高、草屑磷钾含量高、大豆秸秆氮含量高，而芦笋秸秆和草屑铜含量超标。有机物料均能显著提高土壤的有机碳和可利用钾含量。同时，大豆秸秆能显著提高土壤中矿质氮的含量，芦笋秸秆能显著提高土壤中可利用磷含量。除草炭外，其它有机物料均能显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性，谷糠和大豆秸秆能显著提高土壤淀粉酶含量，同时，谷糠和芦笋秸秆又显著降低了土壤中的脲酶含量。和对照相比，草炭、谷糠、芦笋秸秆、草屑和大豆秸秆分别提高黄瓜产量15.9%、10.1%、58.7%、49.7%和26.7%。有机物料还能显著降低黄瓜中的硝酸盐含量。和对照相比，活性炭和风化煤均能增加土壤的缓冲性，显著促进黄瓜的生长，提高其产量和品质。木酢溶解壳聚糖和乙酸溶解壳聚糖处理土壤均对黄瓜有显著的促进效应，但它们之间却没有显著的差异，这表明在农业生产中能够用木酢替代乙酸溶解壳聚糖。另外，微生物菌肥（尤其是木霉菌）、无机肥料均能不同程度提高温室黄瓜产量，并且降低黄瓜中的硝酸盐含量。本试验研究表明，将不同类型的改良剂进行组合对温室土壤进行改良，效果会更好。
This experiment was performed to study soil ionic interaction and its effect on celery(Apium graveolens L.) growth and elemental uptake, and the effects of different soilamendments on greenhouse soil properties and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) yield, based onthe assessment of soil quality and asparagus yield in an area of greenhouse cultivation onChongming Island, China. This study included three parts and results were as follows:
1. This study was undertaken to determine the spatial variability of in situ electricalconductivity (ECa), pH, organic matter, soil salinity and spear yield of asparagus (AsparagusOfficinalis L.) in an area of plastic-greenhouse cultivation on Chongming Island, China,which could help the growers for good management practices. Results showed that soil spatialvariability was weak or moderate in each of greenhouse management areas, but moderate orstronge for all the study area. This indicated that the impacts of human activities ongreenhouse soil spatial variability were prominent, such as fertilization and managementpractices, but natural factors such as the formation of terrestrial were second. In thegreenhouse soil, sodium salt was not prominent (ESP <15). There was a significantcorrelation between ECa and1:5soil/water EC. Total soil salt content was more than theupperlimitation of plant adaption in95%of total area of greenhouse cultivation. The spatialvariability of asparagus spear yield was weak for different growers. However, differentmanagement practices significantly affected soil salinity and asparagus spear yield ingreenhouse cultivation, and excessive salinity of greenhouse soil could result in decreasedasparagus spear yield.
Fertilization, irrigation, crop yield and soil quality were investigated from2007to2009in different cropping systems (greenhouse monoculture, greenhouse rotation and open fieldrotation) in order to study the reason of greenhouse soil degradation. Results showed thatdifferent cropping systems significantly affected soil quality. Although soil organic carbon,mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium content increased ingreenhouse cultivation compared to open field rotation, greenhouse cultivation significantlyincreased soil EC, and NO3-and Cl-contents. Meanwhile, pH values decreased by0.6and0.4 in the greenhouse monoculture and greenhouse rotation, repectively, while did notsignificantly change in open field rotation. In addition, greenhouse soil salinization had adeterious trend with increasing planting year, while EC value did not significantly change inopen field rotation. In asparagus monoculture greenhouse, soil EC even approached10mScm~(-1), which outclassed soil EC (0.27mS cm~(-1)) in open-field rotation. Investigation indicatedthat high cropping index, excessive fertilizer input and inappropriate irrigation resulted ingreenhouse soil quality degradation due to weak farmer’s skill and local extention services.
2. Greenhouse pot experiments were performed to optimize phosphorus (P) fertilizationunder different Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels and to study effects of thesenutrients on celery growth, quality and nutrient uptake. Results showed that P treatmentscould significantly decrease electrical conductivity in the substrate, while substrate ECincreased with increasing the level of Ca and Mg. Meanwhile, there were significantinteractions between P application and the level of Ca and Mg. Celery above-ground freshweight, total dry biomass, leaf area and P concentration in celery leaves significantlyincreased at low P treatments (0-4mM), whereas at high P treatments (4~(-1)6mM) did notsignificant change. The opposite trend was observed for root/shoot ratio, leaf chlorophyll,carotenoids, soluble protein, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and nitrogenconcentration in celery leaves. The medium levels of Ca and Mg (8mM Ca and8mM Mg)significantly increased celery above-ground fresh weight, total dry biomass and leaf areacompared to the low (4mM Ca and4mM Mg) and high (16mM Ca and16mM Mg) level ofCa and Mg at the4~(-1)6mM P treatments. This study suggested that4-8mM P applicationunder medium levels of Ca and Mg was appropriate to satisfy the nutritional requirements forimprovement of horticultural characteristics. Meanwhile, interactions between availableelements in the mixed organic substrate of peat and sand (95:5, w/w) as affected by potassium(K) under different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels, and effect of these nutrients oncelery growth, quality and nutrient uptake were studied. Results showed that EC values insubstrate significantly increased with increasing K application, and the level of Ca and Mg insupplied nutrient solution, respectively. K application could significantly decreased availableCa and Mg contents in substrate. Increased level of Ca and Mg significantly increased Mgcontent in substrate and decreased K, while did not significantly affect Ca. Mn content in substrate significantly increased with increasing level of Ca and Mg. available K content insubstrate had significant relation with K content in root, stalk and leaf of celery, and Ca andMg in substrate were significantly related with in stalk and leaf. K application significantlyincreased celery yield, while high level of Ca and Mg inhibited celery growth. Soluble proteinand vitamin C in stalk of celery had significant relation with EC in substrate, respectively. Caand Mn contents in leaves of celery were significantly related with yield, respectively. Kcontent in root of celery was significantly negatively related with Na and Mg in root, whilenot related with Ca. K content in stalk and leaves of celery were significantly negativelyrelated with Na and Ca, respectively, while not related with Mg.
3. The use of organic materials (peat moss, bran coat, asparagus residues, turf clippingand soybean residues), adsorption materials (weathered coal and activated carbon), chelators(wood vinegar dissolved chitosan and acetic acide dissolved chitosan), microbial fertilizers(trichoderma,“Lian chawang” and “Hu genbao”) and mineral fertilizers (FeSO4, KH2PO4andKCl) as soil amendments for greenhouse cucumber production was studied. Different organicmaterials have different properties, especially elemental contents. The content of carbon inbran coat was highest among all the organic materials, the potassium content in asparagusresidue highest, the contents of phosphorus and potassium in turf clipping highest, andnitrogen content in soybean residues highest. However, the contents of copper in asparagusresidue and turf clipping were more than the standard when as soil amendments. Organicmaterials significantly increased soil organic carbon and available potassium content. Soilmineral nitrogen was significantly increased by soybean residues and asparagus residuessignificantly increased soil available phosphorus content. Organic materials significantlyincreased soil catalase and invertase activities except for peat moss. Soil amylase activity wassignificantly increased by mildewy bran coat and soybean residues, while mildewy bran coatand asparagus residues significantly decreased soil urease activities. Organic materialssignificantly increased cucumber yield and decreased nitrate contents. Asparagus residuetreatment could significantly increased potassium and magnesium contents in cucumber fruit.Active carbon and weathered coal could increase the buffering capacity of greenhouse soil,and improve cucumber growth, yield and quality. The wood vinegar solution of chitosan andthe acetic acid solution of chitosan treatments have significantly promoting effects on cucumber compared to the control, but no significant difference was observed between them,indicating wood vinegar could substitute acetic acid in agricultural production. In addition,trichoderma and mineral fertilizers could increased cucumber yield and decreased the NO_3-content in cucumber fruit compared to the control. This study suggested that the combinationof different types of amendments was applied to the greenhouse soil, which could achievebetter results.
1．为了达到针对不同程度问题土壤进行不同管理的目的，本研究对崇明现代农业园区设施土壤原位EC值、土壤有机质含量、pH值及盐分含量和芦笋(AsparagusOfficinalis L.)产量的空间变异性进行了分析。结果显示，在每个管理区域，温室土壤有机质、pH值、盐分含量及其成份表现出弱或中等的变异，而在整个区域表现出中等或强的空间变异性。这表明，土壤性质的变化的主导因子是施肥等人为因素，而土壤性质的自然变化则处于次要位置。土壤中钠盐并不是主导盐分，而钙镁盐含量偏高（ESP <15）。原位EC值和1:5土水比测定的土壤EC值有显著的正相关关系。95%以上的温室土壤的盐分含量超过一般蔬菜最佳生长所需的上限。虽然在每个管理区域内芦笋产量表现出较弱的空间变异性，但不同施肥管理措施显著影响设施栽培下的芦笋产量，并且高盐分含量会导致芦笋产量的显著下降。
为研究温室土壤质量退化的原因，于2007-2009年分别跟踪调查了温室连作（芦笋）、温室轮作（主要种植黄瓜、茄子、西红柿、南瓜和辣椒等）及露地轮作（花菜-玉米）下，农户施肥和灌溉后作物产量及土壤质量的变化。结果发现，不同种植制度显著影响土壤质量。温室栽培显著提高了土壤中有机碳、矿质氮、有效磷和可交换钾的含量，温室连作和温室轮作分别导致土壤pH下降0.6和0.4个单位，而露地土壤pH值变化不大。同时，温室栽培的土壤中硝酸盐和氯离子含量均显著增加，温室土壤盐渍化随种植年限的增加有加重的趋势，而露地土壤盐分变化不明显。另外，尤其是芦笋单作温室，土壤EC值甚至高达10mS cm~(-1)以上，远远高于露地花菜-玉米轮作土壤的0.27mS cm~(-1)。调查发现，农户缺乏田间管理指导、一味追求短时期内的高产、温室栽培复种指数高、过量施用无机肥是导致温室土壤严重盐渍化的主要原因。另外，不当灌溉也是其中一个原因。
2．为研究磷、钾对不同钙镁水平下土壤中有效元素含量、作物生长及元素吸收的影响，本研究采用由运用高位草炭和沙子按95：5（w/w）混合制成的含有3%有机质的模拟土壤，在模拟土壤中种植芹菜，并定期浇施营养液，然后跟踪调查模拟土壤性质及芹菜生长、产量、品质和营养吸收状况。研究结果显示，磷和钙镁有显著的互作关系，磷能降低模拟土壤的EC值，尤其是在高钙镁水平下，和对照相比，磷能显著降低模拟土壤的EC值。同时，磷在0~4mM之间，随着磷浓度的提高，芹菜地上部鲜重、干物量、叶面积、以及叶片中的磷、钙和镁浓度均显著地增加，而根冠比、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量，可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C及氮钾浓度却均有下降的趋势。和低（钙4mM和镁4mM）、高水平（钙16mM和镁16mM）的钙镁相比，中水平（钙8mM和镁8mM）的钙镁显著的提高了芹菜地上部鲜重、总干物量和叶面积。本研究显示，在中钙镁水平下，4~8mM的磷供应对芹菜的营养需求是合适的。和对照相比，钾处理和钙镁处理均显著提高了土壤的EC值。虽然土壤中钙镁随着钾浓度的提高有下降的趋势，但在每一个钾水平上，随着钙镁水平的提高能显著提高土壤中可利用镁的含量，显著降低钾的含量，而对钙的含量没有显著的影响。另外，土壤中可利用锰的含量随着钙镁水平的增加有上升的趋势。相关分析表明，土壤中可利用钾含量和芹菜根、茎、叶中钾含量分别存在显著的正相关关系；土壤中的钙、镁分别和芹菜茎和叶中的钙和镁有显著的相关关系。和对照相比，钾显著提高了芹菜产量，而高的钙镁水平却显著抑制芹菜的生长。回归分析显示，芹菜茎中的可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别和土壤的EC值存在二次相关关系；芹菜根中的钾含量与钠和镁含量分别存在显著的负相关关系，而与钙含量没有显著的相关关系。芹菜茎和叶中的钾含量与钠和钙含量分别存在显著的负相关关系，而与镁含量没有显著的相关关系。
3．为研究不同类型改良剂对温室土壤性质和黄瓜产量及品质的影响，本研究选用有机物料（草炭、谷糠、芦笋秸秆、草屑和大豆秸秆）、吸附物料（风化煤和活性炭）、螯合剂（木酢溶解壳聚糖、乙酸溶解壳聚糖）、微生物菌肥（木霉菌、连茬王和护根宝）和无机肥料（硫酸亚铁、磷酸二氢钾和氯化钾）等五种不同类型改良剂作为试验材料。结果显示，不同有机物料的有效元素含量差异显著，谷糠碳含量高、芦笋秸秆钾含量高、草屑磷钾含量高、大豆秸秆氮含量高，而芦笋秸秆和草屑铜含量超标。有机物料均能显著提高土壤的有机碳和可利用钾含量。同时，大豆秸秆能显著提高土壤中矿质氮的含量，芦笋秸秆能显著提高土壤中可利用磷含量。除草炭外，其它有机物料均能显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性，谷糠和大豆秸秆能显著提高土壤淀粉酶含量，同时，谷糠和芦笋秸秆又显著降低了土壤中的脲酶含量。和对照相比，草炭、谷糠、芦笋秸秆、草屑和大豆秸秆分别提高黄瓜产量15.9%、10.1%、58.7%、49.7%和26.7%。有机物料还能显著降低黄瓜中的硝酸盐含量。和对照相比，活性炭和风化煤均能增加土壤的缓冲性，显著促进黄瓜的生长，提高其产量和品质。木酢溶解壳聚糖和乙酸溶解壳聚糖处理土壤均对黄瓜有显著的促进效应，但它们之间却没有显著的差异，这表明在农业生产中能够用木酢替代乙酸溶解壳聚糖。另外，微生物菌肥（尤其是木霉菌）、无机肥料均能不同程度提高温室黄瓜产量，并且降低黄瓜中的硝酸盐含量。本试验研究表明，将不同类型的改良剂进行组合对温室土壤进行改良，效果会更好。
This experiment was performed to study soil ionic interaction and its effect on celery(Apium graveolens L.) growth and elemental uptake, and the effects of different soilamendments on greenhouse soil properties and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) yield, based onthe assessment of soil quality and asparagus yield in an area of greenhouse cultivation onChongming Island, China. This study included three parts and results were as follows:
1. This study was undertaken to determine the spatial variability of in situ electricalconductivity (ECa), pH, organic matter, soil salinity and spear yield of asparagus (AsparagusOfficinalis L.) in an area of plastic-greenhouse cultivation on Chongming Island, China,which could help the growers for good management practices. Results showed that soil spatialvariability was weak or moderate in each of greenhouse management areas, but moderate orstronge for all the study area. This indicated that the impacts of human activities ongreenhouse soil spatial variability were prominent, such as fertilization and managementpractices, but natural factors such as the formation of terrestrial were second. In thegreenhouse soil, sodium salt was not prominent (ESP <15). There was a significantcorrelation between ECa and1:5soil/water EC. Total soil salt content was more than theupperlimitation of plant adaption in95%of total area of greenhouse cultivation. The spatialvariability of asparagus spear yield was weak for different growers. However, differentmanagement practices significantly affected soil salinity and asparagus spear yield ingreenhouse cultivation, and excessive salinity of greenhouse soil could result in decreasedasparagus spear yield.
Fertilization, irrigation, crop yield and soil quality were investigated from2007to2009in different cropping systems (greenhouse monoculture, greenhouse rotation and open fieldrotation) in order to study the reason of greenhouse soil degradation. Results showed thatdifferent cropping systems significantly affected soil quality. Although soil organic carbon,mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium content increased ingreenhouse cultivation compared to open field rotation, greenhouse cultivation significantlyincreased soil EC, and NO3-and Cl-contents. Meanwhile, pH values decreased by0.6and0.4 in the greenhouse monoculture and greenhouse rotation, repectively, while did notsignificantly change in open field rotation. In addition, greenhouse soil salinization had adeterious trend with increasing planting year, while EC value did not significantly change inopen field rotation. In asparagus monoculture greenhouse, soil EC even approached10mScm~(-1), which outclassed soil EC (0.27mS cm~(-1)) in open-field rotation. Investigation indicatedthat high cropping index, excessive fertilizer input and inappropriate irrigation resulted ingreenhouse soil quality degradation due to weak farmer’s skill and local extention services.
2. Greenhouse pot experiments were performed to optimize phosphorus (P) fertilizationunder different Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels and to study effects of thesenutrients on celery growth, quality and nutrient uptake. Results showed that P treatmentscould significantly decrease electrical conductivity in the substrate, while substrate ECincreased with increasing the level of Ca and Mg. Meanwhile, there were significantinteractions between P application and the level of Ca and Mg. Celery above-ground freshweight, total dry biomass, leaf area and P concentration in celery leaves significantlyincreased at low P treatments (0-4mM), whereas at high P treatments (4~(-1)6mM) did notsignificant change. The opposite trend was observed for root/shoot ratio, leaf chlorophyll,carotenoids, soluble protein, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and nitrogenconcentration in celery leaves. The medium levels of Ca and Mg (8mM Ca and8mM Mg)significantly increased celery above-ground fresh weight, total dry biomass and leaf areacompared to the low (4mM Ca and4mM Mg) and high (16mM Ca and16mM Mg) level ofCa and Mg at the4~(-1)6mM P treatments. This study suggested that4-8mM P applicationunder medium levels of Ca and Mg was appropriate to satisfy the nutritional requirements forimprovement of horticultural characteristics. Meanwhile, interactions between availableelements in the mixed organic substrate of peat and sand (95:5, w/w) as affected by potassium(K) under different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels, and effect of these nutrients oncelery growth, quality and nutrient uptake were studied. Results showed that EC values insubstrate significantly increased with increasing K application, and the level of Ca and Mg insupplied nutrient solution, respectively. K application could significantly decreased availableCa and Mg contents in substrate. Increased level of Ca and Mg significantly increased Mgcontent in substrate and decreased K, while did not significantly affect Ca. Mn content in substrate significantly increased with increasing level of Ca and Mg. available K content insubstrate had significant relation with K content in root, stalk and leaf of celery, and Ca andMg in substrate were significantly related with in stalk and leaf. K application significantlyincreased celery yield, while high level of Ca and Mg inhibited celery growth. Soluble proteinand vitamin C in stalk of celery had significant relation with EC in substrate, respectively. Caand Mn contents in leaves of celery were significantly related with yield, respectively. Kcontent in root of celery was significantly negatively related with Na and Mg in root, whilenot related with Ca. K content in stalk and leaves of celery were significantly negativelyrelated with Na and Ca, respectively, while not related with Mg.
3. The use of organic materials (peat moss, bran coat, asparagus residues, turf clippingand soybean residues), adsorption materials (weathered coal and activated carbon), chelators(wood vinegar dissolved chitosan and acetic acide dissolved chitosan), microbial fertilizers(trichoderma,“Lian chawang” and “Hu genbao”) and mineral fertilizers (FeSO4, KH2PO4andKCl) as soil amendments for greenhouse cucumber production was studied. Different organicmaterials have different properties, especially elemental contents. The content of carbon inbran coat was highest among all the organic materials, the potassium content in asparagusresidue highest, the contents of phosphorus and potassium in turf clipping highest, andnitrogen content in soybean residues highest. However, the contents of copper in asparagusresidue and turf clipping were more than the standard when as soil amendments. Organicmaterials significantly increased soil organic carbon and available potassium content. Soilmineral nitrogen was significantly increased by soybean residues and asparagus residuessignificantly increased soil available phosphorus content. Organic materials significantlyincreased soil catalase and invertase activities except for peat moss. Soil amylase activity wassignificantly increased by mildewy bran coat and soybean residues, while mildewy bran coatand asparagus residues significantly decreased soil urease activities. Organic materialssignificantly increased cucumber yield and decreased nitrate contents. Asparagus residuetreatment could significantly increased potassium and magnesium contents in cucumber fruit.Active carbon and weathered coal could increase the buffering capacity of greenhouse soil,and improve cucumber growth, yield and quality. The wood vinegar solution of chitosan andthe acetic acid solution of chitosan treatments have significantly promoting effects on cucumber compared to the control, but no significant difference was observed between them,indicating wood vinegar could substitute acetic acid in agricultural production. In addition,trichoderma and mineral fertilizers could increased cucumber yield and decreased the NO_3-content in cucumber fruit compared to the control. This study suggested that the combinationof different types of amendments was applied to the greenhouse soil, which could achievebetter results.
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