改进型回路脉动热管可视化及传热性能研究
|
摘要
脉动热管是一种新型高效的传热元件，随着散热技术要求的提高而受到更多的关注。脉动热管虽然结构简单，但由于工质状态为气液两相流，运行机理相当复杂，在实验研究和理论研究方面都需要不断提高，从而为实际工程提供技术支持。
本文搭建脉动热管实验台，对改进型回路脉动热管进行可视化实验和传热性能分析，明确了研究目标：观测改进型回路脉动热管工质流型及流动方式；分析脉动热管的启动运行温度特征曲线；分析脉动热管的传热性能；针对改进型回路结构分析温度脉动的非线性混沌特性。
具体的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
1.制作3个可视化试件，采用蒸馏水，无水乙醇和丙酮为工质，实验中观测到工质脉动中出现的主要流型为泡状流，汽液塞间隔分布的塞状流，塞状流与环状流并存的混合流，并没有在整个通道中观察到完全是环状流的流型。在不同阶段（充液阶段，启动阶段，运行阶段），不同放置方式和不同充液率下分析了工质的流动方式。
2.针对试件2对改进型回路板式脉动热管的启动阶段，稳定运行和干烧阶段的温度特征曲线进行分析。启动阶段壁面温度特征为温度渐进式启动，即温度缓慢地上升至脉动热管的稳定运行温度，然后缓慢进入稳定运行状态。从加热功率，倾斜角度，充液率，工质热物性和冷却水流量角度分析了不同因素对脉动热管启动的影响。
3.针对试件2和试件3分析了改进型回路板式脉动热管的传热性能。结果表明，脉动热管运行时存在一个最佳水流量，增大冷却水流量在一定程度上能够提高脉动热管的传热极限，在有倾角的工况下提高传热极限表现的更为明显；脉动热管在倾角为90°~60°范围运行时，倾角对传热的影响并不明显，但是倾角继续减少至45°和30°时，脉动热管不能稳定运行，传热恶化；在相同工况下试件2的传热性能优于试件3。
4.采用温度时间序列的相空间重构方法，对改进型回路脉动热管进行混沌分析，通过三维空间的吸引子分布状态能够反映出脉动热管的运行状态。随着加热功率的升高，吸引子从分散状态逐渐过渡到团状分布，然后再次过渡到分散状态，这说明脉动热管从启动之初的温度不稳定脉动过渡到稳定运行阶段，然后从稳定运行又逐渐向干烧阶段过渡。通过吸引子的分布特征可以表明改进型回路脉动热管存在混沌动力学特征。
Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a kind of new efficient heat transfer element, whichis paid more attention for cooling technology requirement improving. It possessessimple structure. However, working fluid state in PHP is gas-liquid two-phase flow,which causes complex operation mechanism of PHP. Experiment and theory studyneed constant improvement, so practical engineering can be provided technicalsupport.
Visualization and heat transfer performances were investigated by experiment.Research targets were as follows:(1) Observation of flow pattern and flow mode ofimproved closed loop PHP.(2) Analysis of start and operation characteristic curve.(3)Analysis of heat transfer performances.(4) Analysis of nonlinear chaoticperformance.
Specific research contents were as follows.
1. There were three visual specimens. Distilled water, ethanol and acetone wereused as the working fluids. It was found that flow pattern of working fluid includedbubbly flow, plug flow and mixed flow (plug flow and annular flow), but there wasno annular flow distributed in the whole channel. Flow modes of working fluid wereinvestigated with different stages (filling liquid stage, start, operation stage),inclination and filling ratios.
2. Start and operation characteristic curve of improved closed loop flat plate PHPwas studied with specimen NO.2. Start of PHP is of temperature progressive start, thatis to say, temperature rows slowly to stable operation temperature and then steps intostable operation stage. Moreover, input power, inclination, filling ratio, thermalproperties of working fluid and cooling water flow on start were investigated.
3. Heat transfer performances of improved closed loop flat plate PHP werestudied by specimen NO.2and specimen NO.3. It was found that there was theoptimal cooling water flow during operation. Heat transfer limit can be improved tosome extant with cooling water flow increasing, which is more obvious withinclination. Heat transfer performances were not obvious with inclination range from60°to90°. However, PHP cannot operate with small inclinations of45°and30°. Heat transfer performances of specimen NO.2were better than specimen NO.3at the sameconditions.
4. Chaotic performance of PHP was analyzed with phase space reconstruction oftemperature time sequence. Operation state of PHP can be reflected by distribution ofthree-dimensional space attractor. Attractors firstly disperse in the whole phase space,then appear mass status, finally transit to banding and distribute in the whole spacewith input power increasing. The phenomenon of attractor showed three operationstages of PHP, which are unstable pulsation stage, stable pulsation stage anddry-burning stage. Improved closed loop PHP possesses chaotic dynamiccharacteristics by attractor distribution.
本文搭建脉动热管实验台，对改进型回路脉动热管进行可视化实验和传热性能分析，明确了研究目标：观测改进型回路脉动热管工质流型及流动方式；分析脉动热管的启动运行温度特征曲线；分析脉动热管的传热性能；针对改进型回路结构分析温度脉动的非线性混沌特性。
具体的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
1.制作3个可视化试件，采用蒸馏水，无水乙醇和丙酮为工质，实验中观测到工质脉动中出现的主要流型为泡状流，汽液塞间隔分布的塞状流，塞状流与环状流并存的混合流，并没有在整个通道中观察到完全是环状流的流型。在不同阶段（充液阶段，启动阶段，运行阶段），不同放置方式和不同充液率下分析了工质的流动方式。
2.针对试件2对改进型回路板式脉动热管的启动阶段，稳定运行和干烧阶段的温度特征曲线进行分析。启动阶段壁面温度特征为温度渐进式启动，即温度缓慢地上升至脉动热管的稳定运行温度，然后缓慢进入稳定运行状态。从加热功率，倾斜角度，充液率，工质热物性和冷却水流量角度分析了不同因素对脉动热管启动的影响。
3.针对试件2和试件3分析了改进型回路板式脉动热管的传热性能。结果表明，脉动热管运行时存在一个最佳水流量，增大冷却水流量在一定程度上能够提高脉动热管的传热极限，在有倾角的工况下提高传热极限表现的更为明显；脉动热管在倾角为90°~60°范围运行时，倾角对传热的影响并不明显，但是倾角继续减少至45°和30°时，脉动热管不能稳定运行，传热恶化；在相同工况下试件2的传热性能优于试件3。
4.采用温度时间序列的相空间重构方法，对改进型回路脉动热管进行混沌分析，通过三维空间的吸引子分布状态能够反映出脉动热管的运行状态。随着加热功率的升高，吸引子从分散状态逐渐过渡到团状分布，然后再次过渡到分散状态，这说明脉动热管从启动之初的温度不稳定脉动过渡到稳定运行阶段，然后从稳定运行又逐渐向干烧阶段过渡。通过吸引子的分布特征可以表明改进型回路脉动热管存在混沌动力学特征。
Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a kind of new efficient heat transfer element, whichis paid more attention for cooling technology requirement improving. It possessessimple structure. However, working fluid state in PHP is gas-liquid two-phase flow,which causes complex operation mechanism of PHP. Experiment and theory studyneed constant improvement, so practical engineering can be provided technicalsupport.
Visualization and heat transfer performances were investigated by experiment.Research targets were as follows:(1) Observation of flow pattern and flow mode ofimproved closed loop PHP.(2) Analysis of start and operation characteristic curve.(3)Analysis of heat transfer performances.(4) Analysis of nonlinear chaoticperformance.
Specific research contents were as follows.
1. There were three visual specimens. Distilled water, ethanol and acetone wereused as the working fluids. It was found that flow pattern of working fluid includedbubbly flow, plug flow and mixed flow (plug flow and annular flow), but there wasno annular flow distributed in the whole channel. Flow modes of working fluid wereinvestigated with different stages (filling liquid stage, start, operation stage),inclination and filling ratios.
2. Start and operation characteristic curve of improved closed loop flat plate PHPwas studied with specimen NO.2. Start of PHP is of temperature progressive start, thatis to say, temperature rows slowly to stable operation temperature and then steps intostable operation stage. Moreover, input power, inclination, filling ratio, thermalproperties of working fluid and cooling water flow on start were investigated.
3. Heat transfer performances of improved closed loop flat plate PHP werestudied by specimen NO.2and specimen NO.3. It was found that there was theoptimal cooling water flow during operation. Heat transfer limit can be improved tosome extant with cooling water flow increasing, which is more obvious withinclination. Heat transfer performances were not obvious with inclination range from60°to90°. However, PHP cannot operate with small inclinations of45°and30°. Heat transfer performances of specimen NO.2were better than specimen NO.3at the sameconditions.
4. Chaotic performance of PHP was analyzed with phase space reconstruction oftemperature time sequence. Operation state of PHP can be reflected by distribution ofthree-dimensional space attractor. Attractors firstly disperse in the whole phase space,then appear mass status, finally transit to banding and distribute in the whole spacewith input power increasing. The phenomenon of attractor showed three operationstages of PHP, which are unstable pulsation stage, stable pulsation stage anddry-burning stage. Improved closed loop PHP possesses chaotic dynamiccharacteristics by attractor distribution.
引文
[1]姚寿广，马哲树，罗林，等，电子电器设备中高效热管散热技术的研究现状及发展，华东船舶工业学院学报，2003，(17)4：9~12
[2]吕永超，杨双根，电子设备热分析、热设计及热测试技术综述及最新进展，电子机械工程，2007，23（1）：510
[3]杨洪海，电子设备的散热问题与新型冷却技术的应用，新技术新工艺，2006，5：71~72
[4] Yang H H, Khandekar S, Groll M. Performance characteristics of pulsating heatpipes as integral thermal spreaders, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2009,48:815~824
[5] Gaugler R S, Heat transfer device, U. S. Patent,2350348,1944
[6] Grover G M, Evaporation-condensation heat transfer device, U. S. Patent,3229759,1966
[7] Grover G M, Cotter T P, Erickson G F, Structures of very high thermalconductivity, J. Applied physics,1964,35:1190~1192
[8]杨洪海，闭式回路脉动热管运行性能的研究：[博士学位论文]，上海：东华大学，2006
[9]张显明，徐进良，施慧烈，倾斜角度及加热方式对脉冲热管传热性能的影响，中国电机工程学报，2004，24（11）：222~227
[10]Akachi H, Polasek F, Sutlc P. Pulsating heat pipes.5th International Heat PipeSymposium, Melbourne, Australia,1996,208~217
[11]李惊涛，肖海平，董向元，等，脉动热管内微尺度两相流的电容层析成像测量，中国电机工程学报，2009，（29）17：103~107
[12]屈健，吴慧英，郑平，硅基微型振荡热管的流动可视化实验研究，中国科学，2010，（40）5：575~581
[13]冼海珍，刘晓敏，杨勇平，等，振荡流热管可视化实验，工程热物理学报，2011，（32）9：1583~1585
[14]屈健，吴慧英，唐慧敏，微小型振荡热管的流动可视化实验，航空动力学报，2009（4）4，766~771
[15]刘向东，时凯，郭雨含，等，闭式振荡热管内流动状态与传热性能实验研究，2010（31）10：1735~1738
[16]曹小林，席战利，周晋，等，脉动热管运行可视化及传热与流动特性的实验研究，热能动力工程，2004，（19）4：411~415
[17]曹小林，王伟，陈杰，等，环路型脉动热管启动特性的试验研究，流体机械，2009（37）5：57~60
[18]Xu J L, Li Y X, Wong T N. High speed fow visualization of a closed looppulsating heat pipe, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:3338~3351
[19]Tong B Y, Wong Y N, Ooi K T. Closed-loop pulsating heat pipe, Applied ThermalEngineering,2001,21:1845~1862
[20]Khandekar S. Thermo-hydrodynamics of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes,Doctoral dissertation, Universit t Stuttgart,2004
[21]Khandekar S, Charoensawan P, Groll M, et al. Closed loop pulsating heat pipesPart B: visualization and semi-empirical modeling. Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23:2021~2033
[22]Khandekar S, Groll M. An insight into thermo-hydrodynamic coupling in closedloop pulsating heat pipes, International Journal of ThermalSciences,2004(43):13~20
[23]李惊涛，李志宏，韩振兴，等，脉动热管的流型及流向分析，热能动力工程，2009（24）3：347~353
[24]王宇，李惟毅，充液率对单环路脉动热管启动运行的影响，中国电机工程学报，2011（31）17：79~85
[25]Li Q M, Zou J, Yang Z. Visualization of Two-Phase Flows in NanofuidOscillating Heat pipes, Journal of Heat Transfer,2011,133:052901(1-5)
[26]Bhuwakietkumjohn N, Rittidech S. Internal fow patterns on heat transfercharacteristics of a closed-loop oscillating heat-pipe with check valves usingethanol and a silver nano-ethanol mixture，Experimental Thermal and FluidScience,2010,34:1000~1007
[27]Hemadri V A, Gupta A, Khandekar S. Thermal radiators with embedded pulsatingheat pipes: Infra-red thermography and simulations, Applied ThermalEngineering,2011,31:1332~1346
[28]Xian H, Liu D, Shang F, et al. Experimental Study on the Heat TransferEnhancement of Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe by Acoustic Cavitation, DryingTechnology,2009,27:542~547
[29]Charoensawan P, Terdtoon P. Thermal performance of horizontal closed-looposcillating heat pipes, Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:460~466
[30]Kammuang-lue N, Sakulchangstjatal P, Terstoon P, et al. Correlation to Predictthe Maximum Heat Flux of a Vertical Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe, HeatTransfer Engineering,2009,30(12):961~972,
[31]Katpradit T, Wongratanaphisan T, Terdtoon P, et al. Correlation to predict heattransfer characteristics of a closed end oscillating heat pipe at critical state,Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25:2138~2151
[32]杨洪海，林天伦，万勍，等，开式脉动热管传热极限的试验研究，动力工程，2009（29）10：936~940
[33]Yang H H, Khandekar S, Groll M. Parametric studies on pulsating heat pipe,Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:49~59
[34]Shafii M B, Arabnejad S, Saboohi Y. Experimental Investigation of PulsatingHeat Pipes and a Proposed Correlation, Heat Transfer Engineering,2010,31(10):854~861
[35]Lips S, Bensalemc A, Bertin Y, et al. Experimental evidences of distinct heattransfer regimes in pulsating heat pipes (PHP), Applied Thermal Engineering,2010,30:900~907
[36]Arslan G, Ozdemir M. Correlation to predict heat transfer of an oscillating loopheat pipe consisting of three interconnected columns, Energy Conversion andManagement,2008,49:2337~2344
[37]Smoot C D, Ma H B, Wilson C A, et al. Heat Conduction Effect on OscillatingHeat Pipe Operation, Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications,2011,3:024501(1~6)
[38]冼海珍，刘登瀛，商福民，等，脉冲加热对振荡流热管传热性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2008，（29）8：1363~1366
[39]屈健，吴慧英，微型硅基振荡热管传热特性，化工学报，2011，（62）11：3046~3052
[40]Lin Y H, Kang S W, Wu T Y. Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)pulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:573~580
[41]李燕，贾力，张田田，脉动热管实验研究.工程热物理学报，2009（30）11：1901~1903.
[42]李燕，贾力，脉动热管传热性能实验研究，中国电机工程学报，2009（29）11：75~80
[43]张显明，徐进良，施慧烈，倾斜角度及加热方式对脉冲热管传热性能的影响，中国电机工程学报，2004（24）11：222~227
[44]苏磊，张红，丁锐，单回路脉动热管温度振荡特性实验研究，中国电机工程学报，2011，（31）20：67~74
[45]刘利华，张光玉，姜守忠，定壁温闭式环路型自激振荡热管传热性能的实验研究，2008（36）4：58~62
[46]崔晓钰，王妍，翁建华，等，不同工质振荡热管的传热性能.上海理工大学学报，2009（31）6：539~543
[47]汪双凤，西尾茂文，加热段冷却段长度分配对脉动热管性能的影响，华南理工大学学报，2007，（35）11：59~62
[48]商福民，刘登流，冼海珍，等，不同加热位置对振荡热管传热性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2008，（29）10：1731~1734
[49]Lin Z R, Wang S F, Chen J J. Experimental study on effective range of miniatureoscillating heat pipes, Applied Thermal Engineering,31(2011)880~886
[50]刘向东，陈永平，张程宾，等，闭式脉动热管启动性能的实验研究，宇航学报，2011（32）10：2300~2304.
[51]曹小林，周晋，晏刚，脉动热管的结构改进及其传热特性的实验研究，工程热物理学报，2004，(25)5：807~809
[52]刘建红，商福民，刘登瀛，脉动热管间协同耦合强化传热特性实验分析，2011（62）6：1549~1553
[53]商福民，刘登瀛，冼海珍，振荡流热管自激强化传热特性实验研究，工程热物理学报，2009,（30）3：461~464
[54]Shang F M, Liu D Y, Xian H Z, et al. Experiments on Enhanced Heat Transfer ofSelf-Exciting Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe with Non-Uniform Structure,International Journal of Food Engineering,2010,6(2):1~10
[55]商福民，刘登瀛，冼海珍，等，采用不等径结构自激振荡流热管实现强化传热，动力工程，2008（28）1：100~105
[56]Thompson S M, Cheng P, Ma H B. An experimental investigation of athree-dimensional fat-plate oscillating heat pipe with staggered microchannels,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54:3951~3959
[57]Thompson S M, Ma H B, Winholtz R A, et al. Experimental Investigation ofMiniature Three-Dimensional Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe, Journal of HeatTransfer,2009,131:043210(1~9)
[58]Borgmeyer B, Wilson C, Winholtz R A. Heat Transport Capability and FluidFlow Neutron Radiography of Three-Dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipes, Journalof Heat Transfer,2010,132:061502(1~7)
[59]Wilson C, Borgmeyer B, Winholtz R A. Thermal and Visual Observation of Waterand Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes, Journal of Heat Transfer,2011,133:061502(1~5)
[60]Thompson S M, Hathaway A A, Smoot C D, et al. Robust Thermal Performanceof a Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe During High-Gravity Loading, Journal ofHeat Transfer,2011,133:104504(1~5)
[61]Cheng P, Thompson S, Boswell J, et al. An Investigation of Flat-Plate OscillatingHeat Pipes, Journal of Electronic Packaging,2010,132(4):041009(1~6)
[62]Thompson S M, Ma H B, Wilson C. Investigation of a fat-plate oscillating heatpipe with Tesla-type check valves, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2011,35:1265~1273
[63]Wang S F, Lin Z R, Zhang W B, Experimental study on pulsating heat pipe withfunctional thermal fuids International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer52(2009)5276~5279
[64]林梓荣，汪双凤，张伟保，功能热流体强化脉动热管的热输送特性，化工学报，2009（60）6：1373~1379
[65]杨洪海，肖荪，Groll Manfred，工质热物性对脉动热管运行性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2010（31）1：97~99
[66]Wannapakhe S, Rittidech S, Bubphachot B, et al. Heat transfer rate of aclosed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves using silver nanofluid asworking fluid, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2009,23:1576~1582
[67]Lin Y H, Kang S W, Chen H L. Efect of silver nano-fuid on pulsating heat pipethermal performance, Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:1312~1317
[68]邱晟华，何永清，毕勤成，充灌磁性液体的脉动热管试验研究，西安交通大学学报，2010，（44）7：6~9
[69]Mohammadi M, Mohamma M, Shafii M B. Experimental Investigation ofPulsating Heat Pipe Using Ferro-fluid, Journal of Heat Transfer,2012,134:014504(1~3)
[70]Ji Y L, Ma H B, Su F M. Particle size effect on heat transfer performance in anoscillating heat pipe, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2011,35:724~727
[71]Riehl R R, Santos N D. Water-copper nanofuid application in an open looppulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering (2011),doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.01.017
[72]Qu J, Wu H Y, Cheng P. Thermal performance of an oscillating heat pipe withAl2O3–water nanofuids, International Communications in Heat and MassTransfer,2010,37:111~115
[73]Qu J, Wu H Y. Thermal performance comparison of oscillating heat pipes withSiO2/water and Al2O3/water nanofuids, International Journal of ThermalSciences,2011,50:1954~1962
[74]Fumoto K, Kawaji M, Kawanami T. Study on a Pulsating Heat Pipe WithSelf-Rewetting Fluid, Journal of Electronic Packaging,2010,132:031005(1~4)
[75]褚红蕊，解国珍，刘蕾，用于脉动热管的二元混合工质热力特性探讨，制冷与空调，2010（10）6：21~25
[76]褚红蕊，解国珍，刘蕾，混合工质热力参数特性与脉动热管适应性研究，制冷与空调，2011（25）3：216~219
[77]陈陶菲，徐德好，刘向东，板式脉动热管强化传热方法研究，电子机械工程，2011，（27）4:5~8
[78]徐德好，陈陶菲，刘向东，等，板式脉动热管内气液两相流流型演化及传热分析，东南大学学报：自然科学版，2011，41(3)：558~562
[79]刘向东，郝英立，闭式循环振荡热管内气液两相流数值模拟，东南大学学报，2009（39）5：961~966
[80]齐俊峰，郑立秋，孙世梅，振荡热管太阳能集热器数值模拟研究，吉林省教育学院学报，2010（26）12：153~154
[81]柴本银，邵敏，李选友，等，振荡流热管换热器的数值模拟及场协同分析，工程热物理学报，2010，（31）4：637~640
[82]Qu W, Ma H B. Theoretical analysis of startup of a pulsating heat pipe,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2007,50:2309~2316
[83]杨彬，曲伟，平板脉动热管的流动和传热特性研究，工程热物理学报，2009，(30)5：827~830
[84]曲伟，杨彬，袁达忠，等，脉动热管扩热板的耦合性能，工程热物理学报，2010，（31）8：1347~1350
[85]李玉华，曲伟，袁达忠，角管脉动热管的结构和尺度效应研究，工程热物理学报，2009（30）12：2102~2104
[86]Rifat S B, Zhao X, Doherty P S. Analytical and numerical simulation of thethermal performance of ‘mini’ gravitational and‘micro’ gravitational heat pipes,Applied Thermal Engineering,2002,22:1047~1068
[87]Holley B, Faghri A. Analysis of pulsating heat pipe with capillary wick andvarying channel diameter, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:2635~2651
[88]胡朝发，贾力，脉动热管气液塞振荡运动模型，化工学报，2011（62）S1：113~117
[89]商福民，刘建红，刘登瀛，振荡流热管内流动及传热特性计算分析，长春工程学院学报，2011，（12）2：41~47
[90]冼海珍，刘晓敏，刘登瀛，等，振荡流热管振荡相变传热特性.工程热物理学报，2010,（31）4：685~688
[91]Vadim S. Nikolayev. A Dynamic Film Model of the Pulsating Heat Pipe, Journalof Heat Transfer,2011,133:081504(1~9)
[92]Das S P, Nikolayev V S, Lefevre F. Thermally induced two-phase oscillating fowinside a capillary tube, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,53:3905~3913
[93]Shao W, Zhang Y W. Effects of Film Evaporation and Condensation onOscillatory Flow and Heat Transfer in an Oscillating Heat Pipe, Journal of HeatTransfer,2011,133:042901(1~11)
[94]Yuan D Z, Qu W, Ma T Z. Flow and heat transfer of liquid plug and neighboringvapor slugs in a pulsating heat pipe, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer,2010,53:1260~1268
[95]Arabnejad S, Rasoulian R, Shafii M B. Numerical Investigation of thePerformance of a U-Shaped Pulsating Heat Pipe, Heat Transfer Engineering,2010,31(14):1155~1164
[96]Mameli M, Marengo M, Zinna S. Numerical model of a multi-turn Closed LoopPulsating Heat Pipe: Effects of the local pressure losses due to meanderings,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55:1036~1047
[97]马永锡，张红，振荡热管模型中液膜的分析与假定.化学工程，2010（38）5：22~25
[98]马永锡，张红，振荡热管当量导热系数数值模拟与试验研究，石油化工设备，2009（38）6：11~14
[99]苏磊，张红，回路脉动热管稳定运行理论模型的建立与分析，南京工业大学学报，2009（31）5：68~73
[100] Zuo Z J, North M T. High heat flux heat pipe mechanism for cooling ofelectronics. IEEE Transactions on components and packing technologies,2001,24:220~225
[101] Wong T N, Tong B Y. Theoretical modeling of pulsating heat pipe,11thInternational Heat Pipe Conference, Tokyo, Japan,1999
[102] Lee Y W, Chang T L. Application of NARX neural networks in thermaldynamics identifcation of a pulsating heat pipe, Energy Conversion andManagement,2009,50:1069~1078
[103] Chen P H, Lee Y W, Chang T L. Predicting thermal instability in a closedloop pulsating heat pipe system, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:1566~1576
[104]曹滨斌，纳米流体扩容型脉动热管的传热研究：[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2010
[105] Qu J, Wu H Y, Cheng P, et al. Non-linear analyses of temperatureoscillations in a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat andMass Transfer,2009,52(15-16):3481~3489.
[106]宋延熙，徐进良，脉冲热管温度时间序列的非线性混沌分析，化工学报，2008，（59）10：2470~2477
[107] Song, Y X, Xu J L. Chaotic behavior of pulsating heat pipes. InternationalJournal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52(13-14):2932~2941.
[108] Wang A L, Yang C X. Grassberger Procaccia algorithm for evaluating thefractal characteristic of strange attractors. Acta Physica Sinica,2002,51(12):2719~2728.
[109] Rittidech S, Boonyaem A, Tipnet P. CPU cooling of desktop PC byclosed-end oscillating heat pipe(CEOHP), American Journal of Applied Sciences,2005,2(12):1574~1577
[110] Maydanik Yury F, Dmitrin Valery I, Pastukhov Vladimir G. Compact coolerfor electronics on the basis of a pulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:3511~3517
[111]林天轮，杨洪海，吴利辉，空调用脉动热管余冷回收装置的试验研究，制冷与空调，2010（10）6：56~58
[112]韩洪达，杨洪海，尹世永，等，脉动热管用于空调系统排风余热(冷)回收初探，暖通空调，2009（39）5：109~111
[113]林天轮，杨洪海.脉动热管用于空调排风余冷回收的试验研究，节能，2010，8：22~26
[114]林天轮，杨洪海，周亚素，等，空调用脉动热管换热器的最小启动温差研究，建筑热能通风空调，2011，（30）3：19~21
[115] Supirattanakul P, Rittidech S, Bubphachot B. Application of a closed-looposcillating heat pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV) on performanceenhancement in air conditioning system, Energy and Buildings,2011,43:1531~1535
[116] Rittidech S, Dangeton W, Soponronnarit S. Closed-ended oscillatingheat-pipe (CEOHP) air-preheater for energy thrift in a dryer, AppliedEnergy,2005,81:198~208
[117] Meena P, Rittidech S, Poomsa-ad N. Application of closed-loop oscillatingheat-pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV)air-preheater for reducedrelative-humidity in drying systems, Applied Energy,2007,84:553~564
[118]柴本银，李选友，周慎杰，等，振荡流热管研究现状及在干燥系统中的应用研究，化工机械，2009（36）2：78~82
[119]柴本银，李选友，周慎杰，等，木材干燥的振荡流热管换热器设计与试验，农业机械学报，2009（40）9：161~164
[120]史勇春，李选友，柴本银，等，自激振荡流热管换热器回收干燥尾气余热的实验研究，中国工程热物理学会传热传质学术会议论文集，郑州：郑州大学，2008：444~448
[121] Rittidech S, Wannapakne S. Experimental study of the performance of a solarcollector by closed-end oscillating heat pipe(CEOHP), Applied ThermalEngineering,2007,27:1978~1985
[122] Rittidech S, Donmaung A, Kumsombut K. Experimental study of theperformance of a circular tube solar collector with closed-loop oscillatingheat-pipe with check valve (CLOHP/CV), Renewable Energy,2009,34:2234~2238
[123] Nuntaphan A, Vithayasai S, Vorayos N. Use of oscillating heat pipe techniqueas extended surface in wire-on-tube heat exchanger for heat transfer enhancement,International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37:287~292
[124] Jiao A J, Ma H B, Critser J K. Experimental investigation of cryogenicoscillating heat pipes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52:3504~3509
[125] Han X, Ma H B, Jiao A J, et al. Investigations on the heat transport capabilityof a cryogenic oscillating heat pipe and its application in achieving ultra-fastcooling rates for cell vitrifcation cryopreservation, Cryobiology,2008,56:195~203
[126] Natsume K, Mito T, Yanagi N, et al. Heat transfer performance of cryogenicoscillating heat pipes for effective cooling of superconducting magnets,Cryogenics,2011,51:309~314
[127]王宇，回路脉动热管运行传热特性及管路结构改进的研究：[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2011
[128]梁玉辉，李惟毅，史维秀，倾角及充液率对并联式脉动热管的影响，化工学报，2011，62（S2）：46~51
[129]马永锡，振荡热管传热机理及传热性能的研究：[博士学位论文]，南京：南京工业大学，2006
[130]胡朝发，贾力，板式脉动热管启动特性及传热性能的研究，北京：北京交通大学，2010
[131] Xu J L, Zhang X M. Start-up and steady thermal oscillation of a pulsatingheat pipe, Heat Mass Transfer,2005,41:685~694
[132]徐荣吉，王瑞祥，丛伟，等，脉动热管启动过程的实验研究，西安交通大学学报，2007，41（5）：530~533
[133]卢侃，孙建华编译，混沌学传奇，上海：上海翻译出版公司，1991
[134]黄润生，黄浩，混沌极其应用，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2005
[135]刘宗华，混沌动力学基础极其应用，北京：高等教育出版社，2006
[136]郝柏林，从抛物线谈起——混沌动力学引论，上海：上海科技教育出版社，1993
[137]钱伟长，非线性力学的新发展——稳定性、分叉、突变、混沌，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1988
[138] Abarbanel H D I, analysis of observed chaotic data, New York: Springer–Verlag,1996
[139]史维秀，李惟毅，潘利生，等，乙醇水溶液脉动热管传热特性研究，机械工程学报，2011,47（24）：117~121
[140] Takens F. Detecting strange attractors in turbulence, Lecture Notes inMathematics,1981,898:361~381
[141] Shi W X, Li W Y, Pan L S, et al. The heat transfer properties and chaoticanalysis of parallel type pulsating heat pipe. Transactions of Tianjin University,2011,17(6):435~439
[2]吕永超，杨双根，电子设备热分析、热设计及热测试技术综述及最新进展，电子机械工程，2007，23（1）：510
[3]杨洪海，电子设备的散热问题与新型冷却技术的应用，新技术新工艺，2006，5：71~72
[4] Yang H H, Khandekar S, Groll M. Performance characteristics of pulsating heatpipes as integral thermal spreaders, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2009,48:815~824
[5] Gaugler R S, Heat transfer device, U. S. Patent,2350348,1944
[6] Grover G M, Evaporation-condensation heat transfer device, U. S. Patent,3229759,1966
[7] Grover G M, Cotter T P, Erickson G F, Structures of very high thermalconductivity, J. Applied physics,1964,35:1190~1192
[8]杨洪海，闭式回路脉动热管运行性能的研究：[博士学位论文]，上海：东华大学，2006
[9]张显明，徐进良，施慧烈，倾斜角度及加热方式对脉冲热管传热性能的影响，中国电机工程学报，2004，24（11）：222~227
[10]Akachi H, Polasek F, Sutlc P. Pulsating heat pipes.5th International Heat PipeSymposium, Melbourne, Australia,1996,208~217
[11]李惊涛，肖海平，董向元，等，脉动热管内微尺度两相流的电容层析成像测量，中国电机工程学报，2009，（29）17：103~107
[12]屈健，吴慧英，郑平，硅基微型振荡热管的流动可视化实验研究，中国科学，2010，（40）5：575~581
[13]冼海珍，刘晓敏，杨勇平，等，振荡流热管可视化实验，工程热物理学报，2011，（32）9：1583~1585
[14]屈健，吴慧英，唐慧敏，微小型振荡热管的流动可视化实验，航空动力学报，2009（4）4，766~771
[15]刘向东，时凯，郭雨含，等，闭式振荡热管内流动状态与传热性能实验研究，2010（31）10：1735~1738
[16]曹小林，席战利，周晋，等，脉动热管运行可视化及传热与流动特性的实验研究，热能动力工程，2004，（19）4：411~415
[17]曹小林，王伟，陈杰，等，环路型脉动热管启动特性的试验研究，流体机械，2009（37）5：57~60
[18]Xu J L, Li Y X, Wong T N. High speed fow visualization of a closed looppulsating heat pipe, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:3338~3351
[19]Tong B Y, Wong Y N, Ooi K T. Closed-loop pulsating heat pipe, Applied ThermalEngineering,2001,21:1845~1862
[20]Khandekar S. Thermo-hydrodynamics of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes,Doctoral dissertation, Universit t Stuttgart,2004
[21]Khandekar S, Charoensawan P, Groll M, et al. Closed loop pulsating heat pipesPart B: visualization and semi-empirical modeling. Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23:2021~2033
[22]Khandekar S, Groll M. An insight into thermo-hydrodynamic coupling in closedloop pulsating heat pipes, International Journal of ThermalSciences,2004(43):13~20
[23]李惊涛，李志宏，韩振兴，等，脉动热管的流型及流向分析，热能动力工程，2009（24）3：347~353
[24]王宇，李惟毅，充液率对单环路脉动热管启动运行的影响，中国电机工程学报，2011（31）17：79~85
[25]Li Q M, Zou J, Yang Z. Visualization of Two-Phase Flows in NanofuidOscillating Heat pipes, Journal of Heat Transfer,2011,133:052901(1-5)
[26]Bhuwakietkumjohn N, Rittidech S. Internal fow patterns on heat transfercharacteristics of a closed-loop oscillating heat-pipe with check valves usingethanol and a silver nano-ethanol mixture，Experimental Thermal and FluidScience,2010,34:1000~1007
[27]Hemadri V A, Gupta A, Khandekar S. Thermal radiators with embedded pulsatingheat pipes: Infra-red thermography and simulations, Applied ThermalEngineering,2011,31:1332~1346
[28]Xian H, Liu D, Shang F, et al. Experimental Study on the Heat TransferEnhancement of Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe by Acoustic Cavitation, DryingTechnology,2009,27:542~547
[29]Charoensawan P, Terdtoon P. Thermal performance of horizontal closed-looposcillating heat pipes, Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:460~466
[30]Kammuang-lue N, Sakulchangstjatal P, Terstoon P, et al. Correlation to Predictthe Maximum Heat Flux of a Vertical Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe, HeatTransfer Engineering,2009,30(12):961~972,
[31]Katpradit T, Wongratanaphisan T, Terdtoon P, et al. Correlation to predict heattransfer characteristics of a closed end oscillating heat pipe at critical state,Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25:2138~2151
[32]杨洪海，林天伦，万勍，等，开式脉动热管传热极限的试验研究，动力工程，2009（29）10：936~940
[33]Yang H H, Khandekar S, Groll M. Parametric studies on pulsating heat pipe,Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:49~59
[34]Shafii M B, Arabnejad S, Saboohi Y. Experimental Investigation of PulsatingHeat Pipes and a Proposed Correlation, Heat Transfer Engineering,2010,31(10):854~861
[35]Lips S, Bensalemc A, Bertin Y, et al. Experimental evidences of distinct heattransfer regimes in pulsating heat pipes (PHP), Applied Thermal Engineering,2010,30:900~907
[36]Arslan G, Ozdemir M. Correlation to predict heat transfer of an oscillating loopheat pipe consisting of three interconnected columns, Energy Conversion andManagement,2008,49:2337~2344
[37]Smoot C D, Ma H B, Wilson C A, et al. Heat Conduction Effect on OscillatingHeat Pipe Operation, Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications,2011,3:024501(1~6)
[38]冼海珍，刘登瀛，商福民，等，脉冲加热对振荡流热管传热性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2008，（29）8：1363~1366
[39]屈健，吴慧英，微型硅基振荡热管传热特性，化工学报，2011，（62）11：3046~3052
[40]Lin Y H, Kang S W, Wu T Y. Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)pulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:573~580
[41]李燕，贾力，张田田，脉动热管实验研究.工程热物理学报，2009（30）11：1901~1903.
[42]李燕，贾力，脉动热管传热性能实验研究，中国电机工程学报，2009（29）11：75~80
[43]张显明，徐进良，施慧烈，倾斜角度及加热方式对脉冲热管传热性能的影响，中国电机工程学报，2004（24）11：222~227
[44]苏磊，张红，丁锐，单回路脉动热管温度振荡特性实验研究，中国电机工程学报，2011，（31）20：67~74
[45]刘利华，张光玉，姜守忠，定壁温闭式环路型自激振荡热管传热性能的实验研究，2008（36）4：58~62
[46]崔晓钰，王妍，翁建华，等，不同工质振荡热管的传热性能.上海理工大学学报，2009（31）6：539~543
[47]汪双凤，西尾茂文，加热段冷却段长度分配对脉动热管性能的影响，华南理工大学学报，2007，（35）11：59~62
[48]商福民，刘登流，冼海珍，等，不同加热位置对振荡热管传热性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2008，（29）10：1731~1734
[49]Lin Z R, Wang S F, Chen J J. Experimental study on effective range of miniatureoscillating heat pipes, Applied Thermal Engineering,31(2011)880~886
[50]刘向东，陈永平，张程宾，等，闭式脉动热管启动性能的实验研究，宇航学报，2011（32）10：2300~2304.
[51]曹小林，周晋，晏刚，脉动热管的结构改进及其传热特性的实验研究，工程热物理学报，2004，(25)5：807~809
[52]刘建红，商福民，刘登瀛，脉动热管间协同耦合强化传热特性实验分析，2011（62）6：1549~1553
[53]商福民，刘登瀛，冼海珍，振荡流热管自激强化传热特性实验研究，工程热物理学报，2009,（30）3：461~464
[54]Shang F M, Liu D Y, Xian H Z, et al. Experiments on Enhanced Heat Transfer ofSelf-Exciting Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe with Non-Uniform Structure,International Journal of Food Engineering,2010,6(2):1~10
[55]商福民，刘登瀛，冼海珍，等，采用不等径结构自激振荡流热管实现强化传热，动力工程，2008（28）1：100~105
[56]Thompson S M, Cheng P, Ma H B. An experimental investigation of athree-dimensional fat-plate oscillating heat pipe with staggered microchannels,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54:3951~3959
[57]Thompson S M, Ma H B, Winholtz R A, et al. Experimental Investigation ofMiniature Three-Dimensional Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe, Journal of HeatTransfer,2009,131:043210(1~9)
[58]Borgmeyer B, Wilson C, Winholtz R A. Heat Transport Capability and FluidFlow Neutron Radiography of Three-Dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipes, Journalof Heat Transfer,2010,132:061502(1~7)
[59]Wilson C, Borgmeyer B, Winholtz R A. Thermal and Visual Observation of Waterand Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes, Journal of Heat Transfer,2011,133:061502(1~5)
[60]Thompson S M, Hathaway A A, Smoot C D, et al. Robust Thermal Performanceof a Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe During High-Gravity Loading, Journal ofHeat Transfer,2011,133:104504(1~5)
[61]Cheng P, Thompson S, Boswell J, et al. An Investigation of Flat-Plate OscillatingHeat Pipes, Journal of Electronic Packaging,2010,132(4):041009(1~6)
[62]Thompson S M, Ma H B, Wilson C. Investigation of a fat-plate oscillating heatpipe with Tesla-type check valves, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2011,35:1265~1273
[63]Wang S F, Lin Z R, Zhang W B, Experimental study on pulsating heat pipe withfunctional thermal fuids International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer52(2009)5276~5279
[64]林梓荣，汪双凤，张伟保，功能热流体强化脉动热管的热输送特性，化工学报，2009（60）6：1373~1379
[65]杨洪海，肖荪，Groll Manfred，工质热物性对脉动热管运行性能的影响，工程热物理学报，2010（31）1：97~99
[66]Wannapakhe S, Rittidech S, Bubphachot B, et al. Heat transfer rate of aclosed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves using silver nanofluid asworking fluid, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2009,23:1576~1582
[67]Lin Y H, Kang S W, Chen H L. Efect of silver nano-fuid on pulsating heat pipethermal performance, Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28:1312~1317
[68]邱晟华，何永清，毕勤成，充灌磁性液体的脉动热管试验研究，西安交通大学学报，2010，（44）7：6~9
[69]Mohammadi M, Mohamma M, Shafii M B. Experimental Investigation ofPulsating Heat Pipe Using Ferro-fluid, Journal of Heat Transfer,2012,134:014504(1~3)
[70]Ji Y L, Ma H B, Su F M. Particle size effect on heat transfer performance in anoscillating heat pipe, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2011,35:724~727
[71]Riehl R R, Santos N D. Water-copper nanofuid application in an open looppulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering (2011),doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.01.017
[72]Qu J, Wu H Y, Cheng P. Thermal performance of an oscillating heat pipe withAl2O3–water nanofuids, International Communications in Heat and MassTransfer,2010,37:111~115
[73]Qu J, Wu H Y. Thermal performance comparison of oscillating heat pipes withSiO2/water and Al2O3/water nanofuids, International Journal of ThermalSciences,2011,50:1954~1962
[74]Fumoto K, Kawaji M, Kawanami T. Study on a Pulsating Heat Pipe WithSelf-Rewetting Fluid, Journal of Electronic Packaging,2010,132:031005(1~4)
[75]褚红蕊，解国珍，刘蕾，用于脉动热管的二元混合工质热力特性探讨，制冷与空调，2010（10）6：21~25
[76]褚红蕊，解国珍，刘蕾，混合工质热力参数特性与脉动热管适应性研究，制冷与空调，2011（25）3：216~219
[77]陈陶菲，徐德好，刘向东，板式脉动热管强化传热方法研究，电子机械工程，2011，（27）4:5~8
[78]徐德好，陈陶菲，刘向东，等，板式脉动热管内气液两相流流型演化及传热分析，东南大学学报：自然科学版，2011，41(3)：558~562
[79]刘向东，郝英立，闭式循环振荡热管内气液两相流数值模拟，东南大学学报，2009（39）5：961~966
[80]齐俊峰，郑立秋，孙世梅，振荡热管太阳能集热器数值模拟研究，吉林省教育学院学报，2010（26）12：153~154
[81]柴本银，邵敏，李选友，等，振荡流热管换热器的数值模拟及场协同分析，工程热物理学报，2010，（31）4：637~640
[82]Qu W, Ma H B. Theoretical analysis of startup of a pulsating heat pipe,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2007,50:2309~2316
[83]杨彬，曲伟，平板脉动热管的流动和传热特性研究，工程热物理学报，2009，(30)5：827~830
[84]曲伟，杨彬，袁达忠，等，脉动热管扩热板的耦合性能，工程热物理学报，2010，（31）8：1347~1350
[85]李玉华，曲伟，袁达忠，角管脉动热管的结构和尺度效应研究，工程热物理学报，2009（30）12：2102~2104
[86]Rifat S B, Zhao X, Doherty P S. Analytical and numerical simulation of thethermal performance of ‘mini’ gravitational and‘micro’ gravitational heat pipes,Applied Thermal Engineering,2002,22:1047~1068
[87]Holley B, Faghri A. Analysis of pulsating heat pipe with capillary wick andvarying channel diameter, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48:2635~2651
[88]胡朝发，贾力，脉动热管气液塞振荡运动模型，化工学报，2011（62）S1：113~117
[89]商福民，刘建红，刘登瀛，振荡流热管内流动及传热特性计算分析，长春工程学院学报，2011，（12）2：41~47
[90]冼海珍，刘晓敏，刘登瀛，等，振荡流热管振荡相变传热特性.工程热物理学报，2010,（31）4：685~688
[91]Vadim S. Nikolayev. A Dynamic Film Model of the Pulsating Heat Pipe, Journalof Heat Transfer,2011,133:081504(1~9)
[92]Das S P, Nikolayev V S, Lefevre F. Thermally induced two-phase oscillating fowinside a capillary tube, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,53:3905~3913
[93]Shao W, Zhang Y W. Effects of Film Evaporation and Condensation onOscillatory Flow and Heat Transfer in an Oscillating Heat Pipe, Journal of HeatTransfer,2011,133:042901(1~11)
[94]Yuan D Z, Qu W, Ma T Z. Flow and heat transfer of liquid plug and neighboringvapor slugs in a pulsating heat pipe, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer,2010,53:1260~1268
[95]Arabnejad S, Rasoulian R, Shafii M B. Numerical Investigation of thePerformance of a U-Shaped Pulsating Heat Pipe, Heat Transfer Engineering,2010,31(14):1155~1164
[96]Mameli M, Marengo M, Zinna S. Numerical model of a multi-turn Closed LoopPulsating Heat Pipe: Effects of the local pressure losses due to meanderings,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55:1036~1047
[97]马永锡，张红，振荡热管模型中液膜的分析与假定.化学工程，2010（38）5：22~25
[98]马永锡，张红，振荡热管当量导热系数数值模拟与试验研究，石油化工设备，2009（38）6：11~14
[99]苏磊，张红，回路脉动热管稳定运行理论模型的建立与分析，南京工业大学学报，2009（31）5：68~73
[100] Zuo Z J, North M T. High heat flux heat pipe mechanism for cooling ofelectronics. IEEE Transactions on components and packing technologies,2001,24:220~225
[101] Wong T N, Tong B Y. Theoretical modeling of pulsating heat pipe,11thInternational Heat Pipe Conference, Tokyo, Japan,1999
[102] Lee Y W, Chang T L. Application of NARX neural networks in thermaldynamics identifcation of a pulsating heat pipe, Energy Conversion andManagement,2009,50:1069~1078
[103] Chen P H, Lee Y W, Chang T L. Predicting thermal instability in a closedloop pulsating heat pipe system, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:1566~1576
[104]曹滨斌，纳米流体扩容型脉动热管的传热研究：[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2010
[105] Qu J, Wu H Y, Cheng P, et al. Non-linear analyses of temperatureoscillations in a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe. International Journal of Heat andMass Transfer,2009,52(15-16):3481~3489.
[106]宋延熙，徐进良，脉冲热管温度时间序列的非线性混沌分析，化工学报，2008，（59）10：2470~2477
[107] Song, Y X, Xu J L. Chaotic behavior of pulsating heat pipes. InternationalJournal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52(13-14):2932~2941.
[108] Wang A L, Yang C X. Grassberger Procaccia algorithm for evaluating thefractal characteristic of strange attractors. Acta Physica Sinica,2002,51(12):2719~2728.
[109] Rittidech S, Boonyaem A, Tipnet P. CPU cooling of desktop PC byclosed-end oscillating heat pipe(CEOHP), American Journal of Applied Sciences,2005,2(12):1574~1577
[110] Maydanik Yury F, Dmitrin Valery I, Pastukhov Vladimir G. Compact coolerfor electronics on the basis of a pulsating heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering,2009,29:3511~3517
[111]林天轮，杨洪海，吴利辉，空调用脉动热管余冷回收装置的试验研究，制冷与空调，2010（10）6：56~58
[112]韩洪达，杨洪海，尹世永，等，脉动热管用于空调系统排风余热(冷)回收初探，暖通空调，2009（39）5：109~111
[113]林天轮，杨洪海.脉动热管用于空调排风余冷回收的试验研究，节能，2010，8：22~26
[114]林天轮，杨洪海，周亚素，等，空调用脉动热管换热器的最小启动温差研究，建筑热能通风空调，2011，（30）3：19~21
[115] Supirattanakul P, Rittidech S, Bubphachot B. Application of a closed-looposcillating heat pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV) on performanceenhancement in air conditioning system, Energy and Buildings,2011,43:1531~1535
[116] Rittidech S, Dangeton W, Soponronnarit S. Closed-ended oscillatingheat-pipe (CEOHP) air-preheater for energy thrift in a dryer, AppliedEnergy,2005,81:198~208
[117] Meena P, Rittidech S, Poomsa-ad N. Application of closed-loop oscillatingheat-pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV)air-preheater for reducedrelative-humidity in drying systems, Applied Energy,2007,84:553~564
[118]柴本银，李选友，周慎杰，等，振荡流热管研究现状及在干燥系统中的应用研究，化工机械，2009（36）2：78~82
[119]柴本银，李选友，周慎杰，等，木材干燥的振荡流热管换热器设计与试验，农业机械学报，2009（40）9：161~164
[120]史勇春，李选友，柴本银，等，自激振荡流热管换热器回收干燥尾气余热的实验研究，中国工程热物理学会传热传质学术会议论文集，郑州：郑州大学，2008：444~448
[121] Rittidech S, Wannapakne S. Experimental study of the performance of a solarcollector by closed-end oscillating heat pipe(CEOHP), Applied ThermalEngineering,2007,27:1978~1985
[122] Rittidech S, Donmaung A, Kumsombut K. Experimental study of theperformance of a circular tube solar collector with closed-loop oscillatingheat-pipe with check valve (CLOHP/CV), Renewable Energy,2009,34:2234~2238
[123] Nuntaphan A, Vithayasai S, Vorayos N. Use of oscillating heat pipe techniqueas extended surface in wire-on-tube heat exchanger for heat transfer enhancement,International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37:287~292
[124] Jiao A J, Ma H B, Critser J K. Experimental investigation of cryogenicoscillating heat pipes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52:3504~3509
[125] Han X, Ma H B, Jiao A J, et al. Investigations on the heat transport capabilityof a cryogenic oscillating heat pipe and its application in achieving ultra-fastcooling rates for cell vitrifcation cryopreservation, Cryobiology,2008,56:195~203
[126] Natsume K, Mito T, Yanagi N, et al. Heat transfer performance of cryogenicoscillating heat pipes for effective cooling of superconducting magnets,Cryogenics,2011,51:309~314
[127]王宇，回路脉动热管运行传热特性及管路结构改进的研究：[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2011
[128]梁玉辉，李惟毅，史维秀，倾角及充液率对并联式脉动热管的影响，化工学报，2011，62（S2）：46~51
[129]马永锡，振荡热管传热机理及传热性能的研究：[博士学位论文]，南京：南京工业大学，2006
[130]胡朝发，贾力，板式脉动热管启动特性及传热性能的研究，北京：北京交通大学，2010
[131] Xu J L, Zhang X M. Start-up and steady thermal oscillation of a pulsatingheat pipe, Heat Mass Transfer,2005,41:685~694
[132]徐荣吉，王瑞祥，丛伟，等，脉动热管启动过程的实验研究，西安交通大学学报，2007，41（5）：530~533
[133]卢侃，孙建华编译，混沌学传奇，上海：上海翻译出版公司，1991
[134]黄润生，黄浩，混沌极其应用，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2005
[135]刘宗华，混沌动力学基础极其应用，北京：高等教育出版社，2006
[136]郝柏林，从抛物线谈起——混沌动力学引论，上海：上海科技教育出版社，1993
[137]钱伟长，非线性力学的新发展——稳定性、分叉、突变、混沌，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1988
[138] Abarbanel H D I, analysis of observed chaotic data, New York: Springer–Verlag,1996
[139]史维秀，李惟毅，潘利生，等，乙醇水溶液脉动热管传热特性研究，机械工程学报，2011,47（24）：117~121
[140] Takens F. Detecting strange attractors in turbulence, Lecture Notes inMathematics,1981,898:361~381
[141] Shi W X, Li W Y, Pan L S, et al. The heat transfer properties and chaoticanalysis of parallel type pulsating heat pipe. Transactions of Tianjin University,2011,17(6):435~439
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |