腐蚀环境和风振疲劳耦合作用下输电塔线体系疲劳性能研究
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摘要
输电塔线体系作为复杂的生命线工程系统，投资巨大、影响深远，属于重要的生命线工程。然而，输电塔线体系同时具有高耸结构和大跨度结构的共同特点，对风荷载作用响应十分敏感。整个服役期间由于长期处于环境腐蚀和风致振动作用下，结构会产生疲劳损伤累积，致使体系的抗力和性能逐步退化，从而降低结构抵抗极端环境作用的能力，导致事故的发生。本文在理论推导和试验研究的基础上，对环境腐蚀和风振疲劳耦合作用下输电塔线体系的疲劳性能展开研究，主要包括以下几方面内容：
1）基于试验结果研究腐蚀对Q345等边角钢材料力学性能的影响规律，建立材料力学性能参数退化模型。首先基于重庆地区降雨时间及其分布特点建立混合分布模型和酸雨腐蚀模型，再通过该腐蚀模型研究Q345钢材的腐蚀速率随酸雨PH值、腐蚀方式和腐蚀时间的变化规律；根据弹性模量、极限强度和伸长率等力学参数随腐蚀时间、腐蚀方式和PH值的退化情况，给出相应的退化模型。
2）基于试验结果通过改进后的单点-似然法，建立Q345等边角钢纯疲劳和不同腐蚀时间的腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型。基于相关系数优化法对单点-似然法进行改进，提出确定疲劳S-N曲线表达式参数的改进回归分析方法，构造与之对应的实现算法；根据不同腐蚀时间作用下Q345等边角钢构件的疲劳试验结果，分析腐蚀时间对构件腐蚀状态和疲劳破坏模式的影响情况；由构件疲劳寿命随腐蚀时间的变化规律，建立构件P-S-N和γ-P-S-N曲线模型；根据曲线模型中各参数随腐蚀时间的变化规律，建立Q345等边角钢构件的t-P-S-N曲面模型，并采用该模型探讨不同腐蚀时间内Q345等边角钢构件疲劳寿命的变化规律。
3）基于试验结果通过改进后的单点-成组法，建立不同腐蚀方式作用下Q345等边角钢的腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型。对单点-成组法进行改进的基础上，提出S-N曲线表达式参数回归分析方法及其实现算法；根据不同腐蚀方式用下Q345等边角钢构件的疲劳试验结果，观察各腐蚀方式中构件的腐蚀状态和疲劳破坏模式；分析各腐蚀方式中构件疲劳寿命的变化规律，建立相应的构件P-S-N和γ-P-S-N曲线模型；结合理论推导及参数分析建立各腐蚀方式作用下Q345等边角钢构件的P-S-N曲面模型，然后，采用该模型探讨不同可靠度条件下腐蚀方式对Q345等边角钢构件疲劳寿命的影响规律。
4）通过腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下Q345等边角钢构件在低周往复加载作用下的试验结果，建立腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下构件各力学性能参数的退化模型。首先采用腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用对试件进行预损伤处理，然后，再对各试件进行低周往复加载试验，通过与无损伤试件的试验结果进行对比分析，观察构件承载力、刚度、延性耗能和滞回性能等在不同损伤工况下的变化规律，并建立相应的退化模型；最后，将腐蚀和疲劳损伤作用下力学性能参数的退化模型相结合建立联合模型，再根据耦合作用下试验结果的实际变化规律确定联合模型中的耦合参数值，从而建立构件各力学性能参数在不同耦合作用下的退化模型。
5）基于试验结果建立的构件疲劳S-N曲线模型和性能退化模型，对输电塔线体系的疲劳性能以及结构性能退化情况进行确定性研究。根据试验结果建立的Q345等边角钢构件S-N曲线模型分析腐蚀方式和腐蚀时间对输电塔体结构疲劳损伤和疲劳寿命的影响规律；同时，由不同腐蚀工况下的材性参数建立塔线体系并进行时程分析，再由材料疲劳S-N曲线模型分析各工况下塔体构件疲劳性能的变化规律；根据两种方法的计算结果对比分析材料疲劳模型和构件疲劳模型在输电塔线体系风振疲劳中的差异；通过腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下构件性能退化模型分析了输电塔线体系在不同损伤情况下抵抗外荷载能力的退化情况。
6）基于构件S-N曲线模型和建议自适应响应面法对输电塔线体系进行了风振疲劳随机性分析。首先，基于乘法定理以重庆市日极值风向风速气象数据，建立了风速条件概率密度的混合模型和风向角的概率密度函数模型，将两者相结合建立了风向风速的离散-连续混合联合分布模型；然后，根据构件腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型，对不同腐蚀方式和不同腐蚀时间作用下输电塔线体系的疲劳性能进行研究；同时，通过严格的数学推导给出了极限状态曲面中交叉项是否存在的判断准则，将该准则与完全二次多项式相结合建立了更加合理的自适应的响应面法，并构造了与之对应的实现算法；采用此自适应响应面法以腐蚀时间和风速为随机变量分析了输电塔线体系的疲劳可靠性。
Transmission tower-line system belongs to the important lifeline engineeringwhich is a project with enormous investment and profound influence. Transmissiontower-line system has the feature of high-rise structure and large-span structure,therefore, it is sensitive to wind. During the whole service stage, the structure wouldproduce fatigue damage accumulation affected by enviorment corrosion and windinduced vibration，which leads to the resistance and property of the system graduallydeteriorating. The capacity of the structure to resist the extreme load would bedecreased. In this paper, we should do research on the fatigue properties of transmissiontower-line system under the enviorment corrosion and wind-induced fatigue on the baseof theoretical derivation and experimental study. Mainly include the following contents:
1) Based on the influence law of experimental results about Q345equilateral steelangle, a parameters degradation model of the material mechanic capability isestablished. Firstly, an acid rain corrosion model is established based on the rainfall ofchongqing and distributional characteristics.The change low of corrosion rates of Q345studied by this corrosion model varying with acid rain ph value、corrosion means andcorrosion time. A corresponding degradation model is establised on the base of theelastic modular, ultimate strength、elongation and so on.
2) Based on the experimental results and improved single point-likelihood method,the S-N curve model which is about corrosion fatigue of Q345equilateral steel angle isestablised.A improved regression analysis method is given to ascertain S-N curveexpression argument on the base of improved single point-likelihood method. Theeffects of the corrosion time on the corrosion state of member and the fatigue damagemode are analyzed by fatigue experiment results. The P-S-N and γ-P-S-N curve modelof members is establised on the change law of members’ fatigue life with corrsion time.Based on the change law of parameter with time, the t-P-S-N curve model of membersis establised. The change law of fatigue life of Q345equilateral steel angle duringdifferent corrsion time is investigated by the model.
3) By means of improved Single Point-Group Method based on the experimentalresults, this article establishes corrosion fatigue S-N curve model of the Q345equalangle steel under the action of different corrosion ways. This article proposes theregression analysis method of S-N curve expression parameters and its implementation algorithm based on the improved Single Point–Group Method, and observes thecorrosion state and fatigue failure model of the member in every corrosion wayaccording to the results of the Q345equal angle steel fatigue experiment under theaction of different corrosion ways, and establishes the corresponding member P-S-Nand γ-P-S-N curve model by analyzing the varying pattern of the member fatigue life inevery corrosion way, and explores the influence pattern that corrosion way to the fatiguelife of the Q345equal angle steel member under different reliability conditions usingthe P-S–N curve model of the Q345equal angle steel member that established bycombining theoretical derivation and parameters analysis under the action of differentcorrosion ways.
4) The model of material mechanical properties under the effect of corrosion andfatigue will be taken out in the dissertation through the low cyclic loading test results ofQ345equilateral angle steel components. Those components above got differentdamage by corrosion, fatigue or corrosion couple with fatigue effect. First the specimenwill be treated with the damage of corrosion, fatigue or corrosion couple with fatigue inthree groups. Then all of the components in the three groups and some non-damagespecimen will be taken the low cyclic loading tests. The capacity of strength, stiffness,ductility and hysteretic behavior can be proved by the test of the components underdifferent damage condition before. The damage degradation model will be establishedthrough the test result. Finally, the combination parameters damage model of bothcorrosion and fatigue was established. This joint model of the degradation of thecorrosion and fatigue damage must be modified based on the actual variation of the testresults. So far the model of the degradation of the mechanical parameters in differentdamage was complimented.
5) Based on the component fatigue S-N curve model and the performancedegradation model established by the test results, the fatigue properties of thetransmission line system and structural performance degradation are definitively studied.According to the S-N curve model of Q345equal angle steel established by the testresults, this paper analyzes the variation law of corrosion way and time to thetransmission tower structure fatigue damage and fatigue life. At the same time, thispaper establishes the tower line system by different corrosion conditions of materialparameters, and then, does the time-history analysis of the previous tower line system.Further, this paper analyzes the variation law of tower component fatigue performance at the different conditions. Based on the calculation results of two above-mentionedmethods, this paper comparatively analyzes the Wind-induced vibration fatiguedifferences of the material fatigue model and the component fatigue model intransmission towers system. According to the component performance degradationmodel affected by corrosion, fatigue and coupling corrosion fatigue, this paper analyzesthe degradation of the structure resisted external loads in different injury cases of thetransmission towers system.
6) The fatigue property of transmission tower-line system has been studied basedon the proposed S-N models and adaptive response surface method. The jointdistribution model for both wind direction and wind speed is obtained by multiplyingthe distribution model of wind speed and wind direction together. Then the method forcalculating the wind-induced fatigue of transmission tower-line coupled system isproposed by combined with the joint distribution model and the Miner law. At last, thewind-induced fatigue of ultra-high voltage transmission tower-line coupled system isalso studied by the proposed method. A criterion for judging the existence of cross termsis derived mathematically in the present work. Combing this criterion with quadraticpolynomial of all possible terms via an indicative function, an adaptive response surface,which is more rational than traditional response surface, is proposed. And animplementation algorithm for judging criterion is put forward; the Structural reliabilityof ransmission tower-line system has been studied by the adaptive response surfacemethod.
1）基于试验结果研究腐蚀对Q345等边角钢材料力学性能的影响规律，建立材料力学性能参数退化模型。首先基于重庆地区降雨时间及其分布特点建立混合分布模型和酸雨腐蚀模型，再通过该腐蚀模型研究Q345钢材的腐蚀速率随酸雨PH值、腐蚀方式和腐蚀时间的变化规律；根据弹性模量、极限强度和伸长率等力学参数随腐蚀时间、腐蚀方式和PH值的退化情况，给出相应的退化模型。
2）基于试验结果通过改进后的单点-似然法，建立Q345等边角钢纯疲劳和不同腐蚀时间的腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型。基于相关系数优化法对单点-似然法进行改进，提出确定疲劳S-N曲线表达式参数的改进回归分析方法，构造与之对应的实现算法；根据不同腐蚀时间作用下Q345等边角钢构件的疲劳试验结果，分析腐蚀时间对构件腐蚀状态和疲劳破坏模式的影响情况；由构件疲劳寿命随腐蚀时间的变化规律，建立构件P-S-N和γ-P-S-N曲线模型；根据曲线模型中各参数随腐蚀时间的变化规律，建立Q345等边角钢构件的t-P-S-N曲面模型，并采用该模型探讨不同腐蚀时间内Q345等边角钢构件疲劳寿命的变化规律。
3）基于试验结果通过改进后的单点-成组法，建立不同腐蚀方式作用下Q345等边角钢的腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型。对单点-成组法进行改进的基础上，提出S-N曲线表达式参数回归分析方法及其实现算法；根据不同腐蚀方式用下Q345等边角钢构件的疲劳试验结果，观察各腐蚀方式中构件的腐蚀状态和疲劳破坏模式；分析各腐蚀方式中构件疲劳寿命的变化规律，建立相应的构件P-S-N和γ-P-S-N曲线模型；结合理论推导及参数分析建立各腐蚀方式作用下Q345等边角钢构件的P-S-N曲面模型，然后，采用该模型探讨不同可靠度条件下腐蚀方式对Q345等边角钢构件疲劳寿命的影响规律。
4）通过腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下Q345等边角钢构件在低周往复加载作用下的试验结果，建立腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下构件各力学性能参数的退化模型。首先采用腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用对试件进行预损伤处理，然后，再对各试件进行低周往复加载试验，通过与无损伤试件的试验结果进行对比分析，观察构件承载力、刚度、延性耗能和滞回性能等在不同损伤工况下的变化规律，并建立相应的退化模型；最后，将腐蚀和疲劳损伤作用下力学性能参数的退化模型相结合建立联合模型，再根据耦合作用下试验结果的实际变化规律确定联合模型中的耦合参数值，从而建立构件各力学性能参数在不同耦合作用下的退化模型。
5）基于试验结果建立的构件疲劳S-N曲线模型和性能退化模型，对输电塔线体系的疲劳性能以及结构性能退化情况进行确定性研究。根据试验结果建立的Q345等边角钢构件S-N曲线模型分析腐蚀方式和腐蚀时间对输电塔体结构疲劳损伤和疲劳寿命的影响规律；同时，由不同腐蚀工况下的材性参数建立塔线体系并进行时程分析，再由材料疲劳S-N曲线模型分析各工况下塔体构件疲劳性能的变化规律；根据两种方法的计算结果对比分析材料疲劳模型和构件疲劳模型在输电塔线体系风振疲劳中的差异；通过腐蚀、疲劳以及腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用下构件性能退化模型分析了输电塔线体系在不同损伤情况下抵抗外荷载能力的退化情况。
6）基于构件S-N曲线模型和建议自适应响应面法对输电塔线体系进行了风振疲劳随机性分析。首先，基于乘法定理以重庆市日极值风向风速气象数据，建立了风速条件概率密度的混合模型和风向角的概率密度函数模型，将两者相结合建立了风向风速的离散-连续混合联合分布模型；然后，根据构件腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型，对不同腐蚀方式和不同腐蚀时间作用下输电塔线体系的疲劳性能进行研究；同时，通过严格的数学推导给出了极限状态曲面中交叉项是否存在的判断准则，将该准则与完全二次多项式相结合建立了更加合理的自适应的响应面法，并构造了与之对应的实现算法；采用此自适应响应面法以腐蚀时间和风速为随机变量分析了输电塔线体系的疲劳可靠性。
Transmission tower-line system belongs to the important lifeline engineeringwhich is a project with enormous investment and profound influence. Transmissiontower-line system has the feature of high-rise structure and large-span structure,therefore, it is sensitive to wind. During the whole service stage, the structure wouldproduce fatigue damage accumulation affected by enviorment corrosion and windinduced vibration，which leads to the resistance and property of the system graduallydeteriorating. The capacity of the structure to resist the extreme load would bedecreased. In this paper, we should do research on the fatigue properties of transmissiontower-line system under the enviorment corrosion and wind-induced fatigue on the baseof theoretical derivation and experimental study. Mainly include the following contents:
1) Based on the influence law of experimental results about Q345equilateral steelangle, a parameters degradation model of the material mechanic capability isestablished. Firstly, an acid rain corrosion model is established based on the rainfall ofchongqing and distributional characteristics.The change low of corrosion rates of Q345studied by this corrosion model varying with acid rain ph value、corrosion means andcorrosion time. A corresponding degradation model is establised on the base of theelastic modular, ultimate strength、elongation and so on.
2) Based on the experimental results and improved single point-likelihood method,the S-N curve model which is about corrosion fatigue of Q345equilateral steel angle isestablised.A improved regression analysis method is given to ascertain S-N curveexpression argument on the base of improved single point-likelihood method. Theeffects of the corrosion time on the corrosion state of member and the fatigue damagemode are analyzed by fatigue experiment results. The P-S-N and γ-P-S-N curve modelof members is establised on the change law of members’ fatigue life with corrsion time.Based on the change law of parameter with time, the t-P-S-N curve model of membersis establised. The change law of fatigue life of Q345equilateral steel angle duringdifferent corrsion time is investigated by the model.
3) By means of improved Single Point-Group Method based on the experimentalresults, this article establishes corrosion fatigue S-N curve model of the Q345equalangle steel under the action of different corrosion ways. This article proposes theregression analysis method of S-N curve expression parameters and its implementation algorithm based on the improved Single Point–Group Method, and observes thecorrosion state and fatigue failure model of the member in every corrosion wayaccording to the results of the Q345equal angle steel fatigue experiment under theaction of different corrosion ways, and establishes the corresponding member P-S-Nand γ-P-S-N curve model by analyzing the varying pattern of the member fatigue life inevery corrosion way, and explores the influence pattern that corrosion way to the fatiguelife of the Q345equal angle steel member under different reliability conditions usingthe P-S–N curve model of the Q345equal angle steel member that established bycombining theoretical derivation and parameters analysis under the action of differentcorrosion ways.
4) The model of material mechanical properties under the effect of corrosion andfatigue will be taken out in the dissertation through the low cyclic loading test results ofQ345equilateral angle steel components. Those components above got differentdamage by corrosion, fatigue or corrosion couple with fatigue effect. First the specimenwill be treated with the damage of corrosion, fatigue or corrosion couple with fatigue inthree groups. Then all of the components in the three groups and some non-damagespecimen will be taken the low cyclic loading tests. The capacity of strength, stiffness,ductility and hysteretic behavior can be proved by the test of the components underdifferent damage condition before. The damage degradation model will be establishedthrough the test result. Finally, the combination parameters damage model of bothcorrosion and fatigue was established. This joint model of the degradation of thecorrosion and fatigue damage must be modified based on the actual variation of the testresults. So far the model of the degradation of the mechanical parameters in differentdamage was complimented.
5) Based on the component fatigue S-N curve model and the performancedegradation model established by the test results, the fatigue properties of thetransmission line system and structural performance degradation are definitively studied.According to the S-N curve model of Q345equal angle steel established by the testresults, this paper analyzes the variation law of corrosion way and time to thetransmission tower structure fatigue damage and fatigue life. At the same time, thispaper establishes the tower line system by different corrosion conditions of materialparameters, and then, does the time-history analysis of the previous tower line system.Further, this paper analyzes the variation law of tower component fatigue performance at the different conditions. Based on the calculation results of two above-mentionedmethods, this paper comparatively analyzes the Wind-induced vibration fatiguedifferences of the material fatigue model and the component fatigue model intransmission towers system. According to the component performance degradationmodel affected by corrosion, fatigue and coupling corrosion fatigue, this paper analyzesthe degradation of the structure resisted external loads in different injury cases of thetransmission towers system.
6) The fatigue property of transmission tower-line system has been studied basedon the proposed S-N models and adaptive response surface method. The jointdistribution model for both wind direction and wind speed is obtained by multiplyingthe distribution model of wind speed and wind direction together. Then the method forcalculating the wind-induced fatigue of transmission tower-line coupled system isproposed by combined with the joint distribution model and the Miner law. At last, thewind-induced fatigue of ultra-high voltage transmission tower-line coupled system isalso studied by the proposed method. A criterion for judging the existence of cross termsis derived mathematically in the present work. Combing this criterion with quadraticpolynomial of all possible terms via an indicative function, an adaptive response surface,which is more rational than traditional response surface, is proposed. And animplementation algorithm for judging criterion is put forward; the Structural reliabilityof ransmission tower-line system has been studied by the adaptive response surfacemethod.
引文
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