单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车能量管理策略研究
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摘要
混合动力汽车HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV)能量管理策略是决定混合动力汽车性能的关键技术之一，合理有效的能量管理策略是混合动力汽车降低综合燃油消耗、排放和保持良好动力性的关键。因此开展对混合动力汽车能量管理策略的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本论文针对一款全新的单电机ISG(Integrated Starter Generator, ISG)型AMT(Automated Manual Transmission, AMT)重度混合动力系统，结合行星齿轮机构和AMT的工作特性，对该系统的能量管理策略进行研究，主要研究内容如下：
①根据单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车动力传动系统的结构特点，对行星齿轮机构的转速和转矩工作特性进行了深入研究，分析了该混合动力传动系统各工作模式下的工作原理，给出了系统输出转速、转矩以及各动力源功率分配关系式，在此基础上，确定了该混合动力系统各工作模式之间的状态切换关系。
②根据单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车的结构、功能特点和动力性指标，进行发动机、ISG电机、镍氢动力电池、AMT变速器、行星齿轮机构、湿式多片离合器及其液压控制系统参数的匹配研究。在关键零部件参数匹配的基础上，对发动机、ISG电机和镍氢动力电池进行台架性能实验，建立了表达发动机、ISG电机、镍氢动力电池性能特性的数值模型；通过对液压泵站的性能测试，获得了比例阀的占空比与湿式多片离合器接合压力的数值关系；在此基础上，对混合动力系统的动力性进行了分析，通过典型城市工况仿真分析结果，验证了该混合动力传动系统部件参数匹配的合理性。
③建立了单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车驱动工作模式下的动力学方程，综合考虑发动机效率、ISG电机电动和发电效率、镍氢动力电池充放电效率以及传动系效率，分析推导了该混合动力汽车各典型驱动工作模式下的系统效率计算模型；以动力部件（包括发动机、ISG电机和镍氢动力电池）的性能特性作为约束条件，建立起不同驱动工作模式下的系统效率优化模型，获得了在给定车速、加速度条件下的系统工作模式切换规律、AMT换挡规律以及ISG电机最佳电动转矩和发电转矩；在满足制动法规的前提条件下，建立起整车再生制动工况下的能量回收模型，以动力电池能量回收最大化为目标，综合考虑整车制动强度、ISG电机制动力、AMT挡位和动力电池SOC(State of Charge, SOC)，制定了再生制动工况下的能量回收控制策略和AMT换挡控制策略。
④针对固定循环工况下所制定的混合动力汽车能量管理策略存在的局限性，从ADVISOR软件中选取覆盖车辆实际行驶工况的20个典型循环工况，以整车综合燃油消耗和动力电池寿命为综合优化目标，利用粒子群算法对各工况下能量管理策略中所涉及的关键参数进行优化，并根据优化结果建立数据库，提出了基于行驶工况识别的混合动力汽车动态能量管理策略。最后，选择随机工况对所制定的能量管理策略进行仿真，结果表明：本文所制定的动态能量管理策略与未采用工况识别的能量管理策略相比，车辆综合燃油消耗下降10.70%，动力电池温升和平均有效工作电流分别下降2.46℃和1.63A。
⑤研制了单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力传动系统硬件在环仿真试验台架。利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台和dSPACE实时控制工具，开发了试验台架的实时监控系统，分别对纯电动行驶中启动发动机模式、行车充电驱动模式、ISG电机助力驱动模式以及再生制动模式进行了试验测试，结果表明本文所提出的整车能量管理策略具有良好的控制效果。
Energy management strategy of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is one of the keytechnologies to decide the performance of HEV, and a reasonable and effective energymanagement strategy plays an important role in reducing total fuel consumption andemissions, as well as maintaining good dynamic performance. Therefore, research onenergy management strategy of HEV has great theoretical significance and applicationvalue.
In this dissertation, aiming at a novel AMT full hybrid electrical vehicle with singleIntegrated Starter Generator (ISG), the working characters of planetary gears andAutomated Manual Transmission (AMT) are investigated to study the energymanagement strategy of the hybrid system. These main researches and conclusions areas followed.
①According to the structural features of the HEV powertrain system, the workingfeatures of rotate speed and torque of the planetary gears are deeply researched, and theoperating principle of each mode of the HEV powertrain system is analyzed, theexpressions of rotate speed, torque and power supply power allocation for system outputare deduced. On this basis, the state switch relationship between different operationmodes is obtained.
②According to the structural and function features as well as the dynamicproperty index of the HEV, the matching research on relevant parameters of engine, ISG,Ni-MH power batteries, AMT, planetary gears, wet clutches and hydraulic controlsystem has been done. Based on parameters matching of key components, numericalmodels of performance characteristics of engine, ISG and Ni-MH power battery arebuilt by doing bench test. The numerical relationship between duty circle of theproportional valve and engaging pressure of the wet multi-plate clutch is obtained byperformance test of the hydraulic power unit. Based on the above, the dynamic propertyof the hybrid system is analyzed and then the rationality of parameters matching of thepowertrain is verified by analysis of simulation result under typical urban drivingconditions.
③Kinetic equations of the HEV under driving modes are established, and theefficiency calculation model of the HEV system under typical driving modes is deducedconsidering the efficiency of engine, ISG, Ni-MH batteries and powertrain system.Considering the performance characteristics of power components (including the engine, ISG motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries) as constraint, efficiency optimization modelsof the system under different driving modes are built to obtain switching law of systemworking modes, shift schedule of AMT and the optimized motoring and generatingtorque of the ISG motor under a given speed and acceleration condition. By meeting therequirement of brake regulations, energy recovering model of the HEV is built. Tomaintain the maximal energy recovering, the control strategies of energy recovering andshift schedule of AMT are proposed considering the vehicle braking strength, brakingforce of ISG, AMT gear and the State of Charge (SOC) of Ni-MH batteries.
④According to the limitations existed in the energy management strategy ofhybrid electric vehicle (HEV) under fixed driving cycle condition,20typical cycleconditions which stand for vehicle real driving conditions are chosen from ADVISORsoftware and the key control parameters involved in the energy management strategiesunder each driving cycle are optimized by using particle swarm algorithm aiming at thecomprehensive goal of vehicle total fuel consumption and power battery life, after that,relevant optimized results are saved in database, and then, the dynamic energymanagement strategy of HEV based on the recognition of driving conditions is proposed.Finally, the energy management strategy is simulated under a random driving condition,the simulation results show that the vehicle fuel consumption dropped by10.70%, thepower battery temperature rise and the average effective work current decreased by2.46℃and1.63Arespectively by using dynamic energy management strategycompared with energy management strategy without driving condition recognition.
⑤Hardware in the loop simulation test bench of the powertrain of the HEV andreal-time monitoring system of the test bench are developed. Different working modesof HEV such as starting engine in only electric driving condition, charging battery indriving condition, ISG assistance driving and regenerative braking are tested to verifygood control effect of the energy management control strategy in this dissertation.
本论文针对一款全新的单电机ISG(Integrated Starter Generator, ISG)型AMT(Automated Manual Transmission, AMT)重度混合动力系统，结合行星齿轮机构和AMT的工作特性，对该系统的能量管理策略进行研究，主要研究内容如下：
①根据单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车动力传动系统的结构特点，对行星齿轮机构的转速和转矩工作特性进行了深入研究，分析了该混合动力传动系统各工作模式下的工作原理，给出了系统输出转速、转矩以及各动力源功率分配关系式，在此基础上，确定了该混合动力系统各工作模式之间的状态切换关系。
②根据单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车的结构、功能特点和动力性指标，进行发动机、ISG电机、镍氢动力电池、AMT变速器、行星齿轮机构、湿式多片离合器及其液压控制系统参数的匹配研究。在关键零部件参数匹配的基础上，对发动机、ISG电机和镍氢动力电池进行台架性能实验，建立了表达发动机、ISG电机、镍氢动力电池性能特性的数值模型；通过对液压泵站的性能测试，获得了比例阀的占空比与湿式多片离合器接合压力的数值关系；在此基础上，对混合动力系统的动力性进行了分析，通过典型城市工况仿真分析结果，验证了该混合动力传动系统部件参数匹配的合理性。
③建立了单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力汽车驱动工作模式下的动力学方程，综合考虑发动机效率、ISG电机电动和发电效率、镍氢动力电池充放电效率以及传动系效率，分析推导了该混合动力汽车各典型驱动工作模式下的系统效率计算模型；以动力部件（包括发动机、ISG电机和镍氢动力电池）的性能特性作为约束条件，建立起不同驱动工作模式下的系统效率优化模型，获得了在给定车速、加速度条件下的系统工作模式切换规律、AMT换挡规律以及ISG电机最佳电动转矩和发电转矩；在满足制动法规的前提条件下，建立起整车再生制动工况下的能量回收模型，以动力电池能量回收最大化为目标，综合考虑整车制动强度、ISG电机制动力、AMT挡位和动力电池SOC(State of Charge, SOC)，制定了再生制动工况下的能量回收控制策略和AMT换挡控制策略。
④针对固定循环工况下所制定的混合动力汽车能量管理策略存在的局限性，从ADVISOR软件中选取覆盖车辆实际行驶工况的20个典型循环工况，以整车综合燃油消耗和动力电池寿命为综合优化目标，利用粒子群算法对各工况下能量管理策略中所涉及的关键参数进行优化，并根据优化结果建立数据库，提出了基于行驶工况识别的混合动力汽车动态能量管理策略。最后，选择随机工况对所制定的能量管理策略进行仿真，结果表明：本文所制定的动态能量管理策略与未采用工况识别的能量管理策略相比，车辆综合燃油消耗下降10.70%，动力电池温升和平均有效工作电流分别下降2.46℃和1.63A。
⑤研制了单电机ISG型AMT重度混合动力传动系统硬件在环仿真试验台架。利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台和dSPACE实时控制工具，开发了试验台架的实时监控系统，分别对纯电动行驶中启动发动机模式、行车充电驱动模式、ISG电机助力驱动模式以及再生制动模式进行了试验测试，结果表明本文所提出的整车能量管理策略具有良好的控制效果。
Energy management strategy of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is one of the keytechnologies to decide the performance of HEV, and a reasonable and effective energymanagement strategy plays an important role in reducing total fuel consumption andemissions, as well as maintaining good dynamic performance. Therefore, research onenergy management strategy of HEV has great theoretical significance and applicationvalue.
In this dissertation, aiming at a novel AMT full hybrid electrical vehicle with singleIntegrated Starter Generator (ISG), the working characters of planetary gears andAutomated Manual Transmission (AMT) are investigated to study the energymanagement strategy of the hybrid system. These main researches and conclusions areas followed.
①According to the structural features of the HEV powertrain system, the workingfeatures of rotate speed and torque of the planetary gears are deeply researched, and theoperating principle of each mode of the HEV powertrain system is analyzed, theexpressions of rotate speed, torque and power supply power allocation for system outputare deduced. On this basis, the state switch relationship between different operationmodes is obtained.
②According to the structural and function features as well as the dynamicproperty index of the HEV, the matching research on relevant parameters of engine, ISG,Ni-MH power batteries, AMT, planetary gears, wet clutches and hydraulic controlsystem has been done. Based on parameters matching of key components, numericalmodels of performance characteristics of engine, ISG and Ni-MH power battery arebuilt by doing bench test. The numerical relationship between duty circle of theproportional valve and engaging pressure of the wet multi-plate clutch is obtained byperformance test of the hydraulic power unit. Based on the above, the dynamic propertyof the hybrid system is analyzed and then the rationality of parameters matching of thepowertrain is verified by analysis of simulation result under typical urban drivingconditions.
③Kinetic equations of the HEV under driving modes are established, and theefficiency calculation model of the HEV system under typical driving modes is deducedconsidering the efficiency of engine, ISG, Ni-MH batteries and powertrain system.Considering the performance characteristics of power components (including the engine, ISG motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries) as constraint, efficiency optimization modelsof the system under different driving modes are built to obtain switching law of systemworking modes, shift schedule of AMT and the optimized motoring and generatingtorque of the ISG motor under a given speed and acceleration condition. By meeting therequirement of brake regulations, energy recovering model of the HEV is built. Tomaintain the maximal energy recovering, the control strategies of energy recovering andshift schedule of AMT are proposed considering the vehicle braking strength, brakingforce of ISG, AMT gear and the State of Charge (SOC) of Ni-MH batteries.
④According to the limitations existed in the energy management strategy ofhybrid electric vehicle (HEV) under fixed driving cycle condition,20typical cycleconditions which stand for vehicle real driving conditions are chosen from ADVISORsoftware and the key control parameters involved in the energy management strategiesunder each driving cycle are optimized by using particle swarm algorithm aiming at thecomprehensive goal of vehicle total fuel consumption and power battery life, after that,relevant optimized results are saved in database, and then, the dynamic energymanagement strategy of HEV based on the recognition of driving conditions is proposed.Finally, the energy management strategy is simulated under a random driving condition,the simulation results show that the vehicle fuel consumption dropped by10.70%, thepower battery temperature rise and the average effective work current decreased by2.46℃and1.63Arespectively by using dynamic energy management strategycompared with energy management strategy without driving condition recognition.
⑤Hardware in the loop simulation test bench of the powertrain of the HEV andreal-time monitoring system of the test bench are developed. Different working modesof HEV such as starting engine in only electric driving condition, charging battery indriving condition, ISG assistance driving and regenerative braking are tested to verifygood control effect of the energy management control strategy in this dissertation.
引文
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