基于GIS的公路自然区划方法研究
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摘要
公路是暴露于自然界的人工构造物,公路建设受地形、地质、气温、降雨等自然条件的限制,运营期间受不良气候条件的影响较大,自然地理环境是公路建设的主要控制和约束。另一方面,我国地域广阔,自然环境差异巨大,其对公路建设的影响程度也不同。因此,深入研究自然环境与公路工程的关系,揭示自然环境的空间分布规律、自然环境条件的特征并建立相应的公路自然区划体系,不仅是公路建设过程中遇到的基础性课题,也是因地制宜利用自然地理条件、科学合理安排公路建设任务的迫切需要。考虑我国公路建设实际需要和已有公路自然区划研究现状,本文以省级公路自然区划为研究对象,选择ArcGIS作为技术平台,重点进行省级区划方法的研究,以期解决我国省级公路自然区划方法上的缺陷和技术支撑平台落后的难题。
论文广泛收集了国内外相关研究资料,系统分析了各类自然区划和专题区划研究的成果,针对现有公路自然区划体系和研究方法的优缺点及适用性,考虑本研究涉及学科面广的特点,提出了以现代信息技术(ArcGIS)为支撑、以模型技术为辅助手段,综合运用对比分析、空间统计学、模糊综合评判和逻辑推理等方法进行论文研究的技术路线。
论文详细分析了地形地貌与公路工程的相互关系,结合山东省地理自然环境特点和公路建设需要,利用ArcGIS的信息提取功能和空间分析功能对研究区域的各种地形地貌特征参数进行了分析计算,成功筛选出进行山东省公路地貌分区的基础指标——地表坡度和地表破碎度。提出了采用图层叠加和数量分析相结合的方法进行公路地貌分区的思路,提高了分区方案的定量化程度。
论文系统分析了气象条件对公路建设的影响关系,针对公路气候区划中涉及到的海量气象数据、属性信息以及图集资料,提出以ArcGIS为技术支撑、以地统计学的理论和方法为研究基础的气象数据分析方法。深入分析了气象要素的空间差异性对公路建设的影响,构建了以公路气候分区为核心、公路安全分区为重点、公路温度分区和公路湿度分区为组成部分的省级公路气候区划体系。通过对比分析,考虑公路建设的实际需要,挑选出对公路建设有显著影响作用的年冰冻指数、湿润指数、安全影响程度指数等作为分区参数。在GIS技术支持下,采用系统聚类法进行分区研究,提高了分区研究的高效性和自动化程度,为公路建设的经济性、安全性提供了理论支撑。
针对公路建设与区域景观相互影响的特点,开展公路景观区划方法研究,并阐明了公路景观区划研究的内涵和具体思路。深入研究了公路景观成因,结合公路建设用地特点,以数字高程模型和遥感影像图为基础,在RS和GIS技术支持下,结合景观生态学和地理地貌学理论,深入分析公路景观的尺度效应和空间格局特征,探究区域景观格局的空间差异性。深入分析了公路与景观的相互影响关系,建立了公路景观分区参数体系,提出了采用图层叠加法和数量分析法相结合的方法进行公路景观分区,填补了公路景观区划研究的空白,为协调公路建设与景观的关系提供了理论基础。
论文借鉴地图学理论,提出了公路自然区划成果图编制原则。研究了公路自然区划成果图的底图设计方法,为成果图的编制提供了统一的模式。根据色彩设计原理和视觉特征,对分区图的色彩选择进行优化设计。采用GIS制图方法,编制了公路地貌分区图、公路气候分区图、公路安全影响分区图和公路景观分区图,提高了公路自然区划图编制的速度和质量。
基于GIS的公路自然区划方法研究采用定性与定量方法相结合的研究方法,提高了分区参数和方法的定量化程度,丰富了我国公路自然区划研究的方法和体系,提高了数据分析与管理的精度,不仅对省级公路建设具有重要的实践意义,对协调公路与自然环境的关系、降低公路造价、实践低碳交通具有长远的意义,而且对进一步推进省级公路自然区划的研究和发展也具有积极的理论意义。
Highway is the artificial structure which is exposed to nature, and the construction is restricted by the topography, geology, temperature, rainfall and other natural conditions. In the operation period, it should be heavily influenced by the bad climatic conditions and environments. On the other hand, due to the vast geography and the different natural environments, it also influences the highway construction on different degree. Therefore, we should deeply analyze the relationship between the natural environment and highway projects, explain the spatial distribution of the natural environment and the characteristics of natural environmental conditions, establish the appropriate zone system, which are not only the basic issues, but also the urgent needs of assigning construction tasks reasonable and considering local conditions. Considering the actual needs of highway construction and existing highway natural regionalization, the provincial highway natural divisions are researched. By selecting the ArcGIS as a technological platform, the provincial division methods are studied, in order to solve flaws of natural division of the provincial highway methods and problems about technical support for the platform.
Based on the extensive collection of research information, various natural regionalization and the results of thematic divisions are analyzed. For the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of highway natural divisions, the technical route is proposed. Considering the characteristics of the wide range in the study, the technical routes is supported by the modern information technology, such as ArcGIS, supplemented by the model techniques, and proceeds the research using the comparative analysis, spatial statistics, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the logical reasoning methods.
The relationship between the topography and highway projects is analyzed.Then, combining the natural environment of Shandong Province with the needs of road-construction, the parameters of various terrain features are analyzed by the information extraction capabilities of ArcGIS and spatial analysis capabilities. The surface gradient and surface fragmentation are screened out of the basic geographical indicators successfully in Shandong Province. Combining the method of overlay and quantitative analysis method, the method of landform regionalization is proposed, which could improve the quantitative degree of the partition scheme.
The meteorological conditions influencing on the road construction are analyzed systematically. Taking into account the mass of meteorological data, attributes information and atlas data which are involved in the road climate division, the meteorological data analysis method is proposed based on ArcGIS and the statistical theory. In addition, the spatial differences of meteorological is deeply analyzed. The climate division system of the provincial highway is constructed. The system focus on highway safety district, emphasizes the highway safety division, and contains the road temperature zoning and humidity partition. Through comparative analysis, considering the actual needs of highway construction, the remarkable influences parameters in highway construction, such as frozen index, humidity index, security impact index and so on, are selected as the partition parameters. Finally, on the basis of GIS, the cluster analysis is used in climatic division, which not only improves the partition efficiency and automation, but also provides a theoretical support for the economy and security in highway construction
By disscussing the mutual influences between highway construction and regional landscapes, the research of highway landscape regionalization is carried out. And connotation and the concrete ideas of the highway landscape regionalization research is expounded. The origin of highway landscape and the characters of highway construction land are deeply studied with the landscape ecology and the geography geomorphology theory. And based on the digital elevation model and remote sensing picture, the scale effect of highway landscape and characteristic of spatial pattern are analyzed. The difference of the regional landscape is analyzed with the technical support of RS and GIS. The relationship between highway and landscape is analyzed deeply. Then, the system of highway landscape parameters is established. The two methods, overlay and quantitative analysis.are to combine to form the highway landscape division method. The research of highway landscape division fills the blank of highway landscape zoning, and provides the theoretical basis of coordinating the relations of highway construction and landscape.
The road natural regionalization principles are proposed based on the theory of cartography. The design method of the road natural district chart is analysized, which could provided unified pattern for the establishment of maps. According to the color principle and the visual characteristic, the color of the zoning maps are designed. The maps of highway natural divisions, such as landform regionalization for highway and so on, are compiled using the GIS mapping method. The compilation method might improve the highway natural zoning compilation speed and quality.
Useing the qualitative and quantitative methods, the research of highway natural divisions method based on GIS improves quantitative degree of the parameters and methods. Highway natural divisions method can improve the accuracy of the data analysis and management of provincial highway construction, enrich the methods and systems of highway natural divisions. The study has the great practical significance for provincial highway construction, which can balance the relationship between highway and the natural environment, reduce the cost of highway construction and practice low-carbon transportation. What's more, it can promote the research of the natural division of provincial highway deeply and practicaly.
论文广泛收集了国内外相关研究资料,系统分析了各类自然区划和专题区划研究的成果,针对现有公路自然区划体系和研究方法的优缺点及适用性,考虑本研究涉及学科面广的特点,提出了以现代信息技术(ArcGIS)为支撑、以模型技术为辅助手段,综合运用对比分析、空间统计学、模糊综合评判和逻辑推理等方法进行论文研究的技术路线。
论文详细分析了地形地貌与公路工程的相互关系,结合山东省地理自然环境特点和公路建设需要,利用ArcGIS的信息提取功能和空间分析功能对研究区域的各种地形地貌特征参数进行了分析计算,成功筛选出进行山东省公路地貌分区的基础指标——地表坡度和地表破碎度。提出了采用图层叠加和数量分析相结合的方法进行公路地貌分区的思路,提高了分区方案的定量化程度。
论文系统分析了气象条件对公路建设的影响关系,针对公路气候区划中涉及到的海量气象数据、属性信息以及图集资料,提出以ArcGIS为技术支撑、以地统计学的理论和方法为研究基础的气象数据分析方法。深入分析了气象要素的空间差异性对公路建设的影响,构建了以公路气候分区为核心、公路安全分区为重点、公路温度分区和公路湿度分区为组成部分的省级公路气候区划体系。通过对比分析,考虑公路建设的实际需要,挑选出对公路建设有显著影响作用的年冰冻指数、湿润指数、安全影响程度指数等作为分区参数。在GIS技术支持下,采用系统聚类法进行分区研究,提高了分区研究的高效性和自动化程度,为公路建设的经济性、安全性提供了理论支撑。
针对公路建设与区域景观相互影响的特点,开展公路景观区划方法研究,并阐明了公路景观区划研究的内涵和具体思路。深入研究了公路景观成因,结合公路建设用地特点,以数字高程模型和遥感影像图为基础,在RS和GIS技术支持下,结合景观生态学和地理地貌学理论,深入分析公路景观的尺度效应和空间格局特征,探究区域景观格局的空间差异性。深入分析了公路与景观的相互影响关系,建立了公路景观分区参数体系,提出了采用图层叠加法和数量分析法相结合的方法进行公路景观分区,填补了公路景观区划研究的空白,为协调公路建设与景观的关系提供了理论基础。
论文借鉴地图学理论,提出了公路自然区划成果图编制原则。研究了公路自然区划成果图的底图设计方法,为成果图的编制提供了统一的模式。根据色彩设计原理和视觉特征,对分区图的色彩选择进行优化设计。采用GIS制图方法,编制了公路地貌分区图、公路气候分区图、公路安全影响分区图和公路景观分区图,提高了公路自然区划图编制的速度和质量。
基于GIS的公路自然区划方法研究采用定性与定量方法相结合的研究方法,提高了分区参数和方法的定量化程度,丰富了我国公路自然区划研究的方法和体系,提高了数据分析与管理的精度,不仅对省级公路建设具有重要的实践意义,对协调公路与自然环境的关系、降低公路造价、实践低碳交通具有长远的意义,而且对进一步推进省级公路自然区划的研究和发展也具有积极的理论意义。
Highway is the artificial structure which is exposed to nature, and the construction is restricted by the topography, geology, temperature, rainfall and other natural conditions. In the operation period, it should be heavily influenced by the bad climatic conditions and environments. On the other hand, due to the vast geography and the different natural environments, it also influences the highway construction on different degree. Therefore, we should deeply analyze the relationship between the natural environment and highway projects, explain the spatial distribution of the natural environment and the characteristics of natural environmental conditions, establish the appropriate zone system, which are not only the basic issues, but also the urgent needs of assigning construction tasks reasonable and considering local conditions. Considering the actual needs of highway construction and existing highway natural regionalization, the provincial highway natural divisions are researched. By selecting the ArcGIS as a technological platform, the provincial division methods are studied, in order to solve flaws of natural division of the provincial highway methods and problems about technical support for the platform.
Based on the extensive collection of research information, various natural regionalization and the results of thematic divisions are analyzed. For the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of highway natural divisions, the technical route is proposed. Considering the characteristics of the wide range in the study, the technical routes is supported by the modern information technology, such as ArcGIS, supplemented by the model techniques, and proceeds the research using the comparative analysis, spatial statistics, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the logical reasoning methods.
The relationship between the topography and highway projects is analyzed.Then, combining the natural environment of Shandong Province with the needs of road-construction, the parameters of various terrain features are analyzed by the information extraction capabilities of ArcGIS and spatial analysis capabilities. The surface gradient and surface fragmentation are screened out of the basic geographical indicators successfully in Shandong Province. Combining the method of overlay and quantitative analysis method, the method of landform regionalization is proposed, which could improve the quantitative degree of the partition scheme.
The meteorological conditions influencing on the road construction are analyzed systematically. Taking into account the mass of meteorological data, attributes information and atlas data which are involved in the road climate division, the meteorological data analysis method is proposed based on ArcGIS and the statistical theory. In addition, the spatial differences of meteorological is deeply analyzed. The climate division system of the provincial highway is constructed. The system focus on highway safety district, emphasizes the highway safety division, and contains the road temperature zoning and humidity partition. Through comparative analysis, considering the actual needs of highway construction, the remarkable influences parameters in highway construction, such as frozen index, humidity index, security impact index and so on, are selected as the partition parameters. Finally, on the basis of GIS, the cluster analysis is used in climatic division, which not only improves the partition efficiency and automation, but also provides a theoretical support for the economy and security in highway construction
By disscussing the mutual influences between highway construction and regional landscapes, the research of highway landscape regionalization is carried out. And connotation and the concrete ideas of the highway landscape regionalization research is expounded. The origin of highway landscape and the characters of highway construction land are deeply studied with the landscape ecology and the geography geomorphology theory. And based on the digital elevation model and remote sensing picture, the scale effect of highway landscape and characteristic of spatial pattern are analyzed. The difference of the regional landscape is analyzed with the technical support of RS and GIS. The relationship between highway and landscape is analyzed deeply. Then, the system of highway landscape parameters is established. The two methods, overlay and quantitative analysis.are to combine to form the highway landscape division method. The research of highway landscape division fills the blank of highway landscape zoning, and provides the theoretical basis of coordinating the relations of highway construction and landscape.
The road natural regionalization principles are proposed based on the theory of cartography. The design method of the road natural district chart is analysized, which could provided unified pattern for the establishment of maps. According to the color principle and the visual characteristic, the color of the zoning maps are designed. The maps of highway natural divisions, such as landform regionalization for highway and so on, are compiled using the GIS mapping method. The compilation method might improve the highway natural zoning compilation speed and quality.
Useing the qualitative and quantitative methods, the research of highway natural divisions method based on GIS improves quantitative degree of the parameters and methods. Highway natural divisions method can improve the accuracy of the data analysis and management of provincial highway construction, enrich the methods and systems of highway natural divisions. The study has the great practical significance for provincial highway construction, which can balance the relationship between highway and the natural environment, reduce the cost of highway construction and practice low-carbon transportation. What's more, it can promote the research of the natural division of provincial highway deeply and practicaly.
引文
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