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公路软土地基处理关键技术智能信息化研究
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摘要
公路软土地基处理是一项复杂的系统工程,在地基处理整个过程中,正确认识软土的特性、选择合适的地基处理方案并对路堤沉降与稳定进行动态监测是需要研究的关键问题。鉴于当前公路软土地基处理中的相关决策依靠的还主要是决策者的知识和经验,科学性和可靠性不够,本文以公路软土地基处理关键技术为线索,以关键技术智能信息化为核心,结合公路软土地基处理的知识特点,运用人工智能、知识工程、数理统计、模糊数学、神经网络、灰色理论和信息技术等理论,对公路软土地基处理关键技术的智能化和信息化进行了研究,取得了以下主要成果:
     1.采用数理统计方法,分析了天津软土物理力学指标的变化范围、均值和变异性,建立了天津地区软土土性指标相互关系和概率特性的区域资料;并分析了直剪试验、三轴试验、十字板剪切试验3种不同方法抗剪强度试验结果的相互关系,提出了利用随机因子分析法对试验方法不确定性进行概率评定。
     2.针对公路软基处理方案决策中,影响因素多,存在大量不确定性知识的特点,采用模糊多属性决策方法,构建了公路软基处理方案决策的模糊综合评判决策模型,确定了模型中各影响因素不同等级评语的隶属度和权重,并采用加权平均型算子和多层次分析对决策模型进行了两方面的改进,实现了对公路软基处理方案的模糊推理和优化评判,弥补了公路软基处理方案主要依靠经验确定的不足,提高了相关决策的可靠性。
     3.建立了基于BP神经网络的公路软基处理方案决策模型,在具体工程软基处理设计资料的基础上,构造出大量样本训练确定了网络模型的参数、算法等。所建模型对输入参数作了比较细致的定量划分,得出的方案具体,推理精度较高,能够满足公路软基处理方案设计与决策的需要。
     4.针对公路软基处理方案影响因素不确定性、未知性的特点,提出了基于灰色理论的公路软基处理方案决策模型,确定了模型的经济技术指标。利用灰色关联分析技术,通过计算公路软基处理比选方案与理想方案的关联度,实现了对公路软基处理方案的优化评判,成功地解决了多因素影响下的软基处理方案优选问题。
     5.开发了不干扰施工和交通、能实现远程监测与管理的路堤沉降无线监测系统,提出了综合应用监控预报模型、监测指标、监测关系曲线作为判断路堤沉降与稳定监测噪音异常数据和真实异常数据的评判准则,为软土地基路堤沉降与稳定监测提供了信息化、智能化较高的观测方法和数据分析技术。
     6.结合实际路堤沉降观测资料,分析了双曲线法、星野法、浅岗法表达式中拟合参数对沉降预测结果的影响,通过增加时间因子指数改进了费尔哈斯曲线模型,训练了比较可靠的软土地基路堤沉降预测的BP神经网络模型,基本解决了软土地基路堤的沉降预测问题。
The soft ground improvement of highway is a complicated system engineering, in the course of ground improvement, the key issues are as follows:correct understanding of the characteristics of soft soil, select the appropriate treatment scheme, monitor the settlement and stability of embank. Today, the decision for soft ground improvement is mainly rely on the knowledge and experience of people, the science and reliability is not enough. In order to better solve the key issues and enhance the science and reliability for soft ground improvement, combined with the feature of soft ground improvement knowledge, and based on the theory of artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, mathematical statistics, fuzzy mathematics, neural net, grey theory, information technology etc, the intelligent and informationization technique for key issues in highway soft ground improvement is studied. The main content of this paper including the followings six aspects:
     1.Based on analyzing the change confines, average value, variability, relationship, probabilistic distribution characteristics for physical and strength indexes of Tianjin soft soil, the district empirical relationship formulas and probabilistic distribution models of soil parameters are estabilshed for Tianjin soft soil. At the same time, the correlation of shear strength results by straight shear test, triaxial test, vane shear test are studied, and a method for using random factor to evaluate the uncertainty involved in different test methods of soft soil parameter is proposed.
     2.Aimed at existing various influential factors, massive indeterminacy knowledge in the highway soft ground improvement, the fuzzy reasoning model about scheme decision of soft ground improvement is confirmed. The comment membership of different grades and the weight values of various influencing factors are determined. Moreover, uses the average weighting operator and the multi-layer fuzzy synthetic decision model to optimize the model, all of these have realized effectively reasoning and evaluation for schemes decision of highway soft ground improvement, which make up the weak point about experience decision, and improve the reliability level of decision.
     3.The paper established BP neural network model for the scheme decision of highway soft ground. Based on the design information, the parameters, algorithm, weitht of network are confirmed by training with massive data. Because the network model input parameter's indexes were divided into multiple levels, so the reasoning ground improvement scheme is specific. The result shows the model is reliable, can meet the needs of design and decision for soft soil ground improvement.
     4.Aimed at existing massive indeterminacy and unknown in the improvement of highway soft ground, the model based on grey theory for the scheme decision of highway soft ground improvement is proposed, uses grey analysis method, by calculating the ratio of the correlation between the alternative scheme and the ideal scheme, the best soft soil ground improvement scheme can be obtained, and the scheme optimization of soft ground improvement under the multiple factors is solved also.
     5.In this paper, a long distance monitor and manage system for embank settlement is developed, which does not interfere with construction and traffic. At the same time, the distinguishing rule with monitoring index, monitoring prediction model, monitoring curve for the noise and real exceptional monitored data of the settlement is confirme. All of these have provided better informationization and intelligent technology of settlement and stablity monitoring for soft soil ground embank.
     6.Based on the embank settlement dataes, the influence of expression fitting parameters of hyperbola method, Xingye method, Asaoka method to settlement prediction results are discussed, by adding the time factor index to modify verhulst curve model, and has trained reliable neural network model of settlement prediction for soft ground improvement embank. All the results have solved the settlement prediction question in soft ground improvement embank.
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