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超声频分量双周疲劳载荷作用下焊接接头的疲劳性能
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摘要
许多重要焊接工程结构同时承受低周疲劳(LCF)和高周疲劳(HCF)的作用,从而产生双周疲劳(CCF)的问题。本文研究双周疲劳载荷作用下Q345和Q235B钢焊接接头的疲劳性能。
     为模拟双周疲劳载荷本文研制出能提供低频-超声频复合载荷的双周疲劳试验装置。超声频载荷由一套基于DSP控制的超声疲劳试验装置提供。
     利用超声疲劳装置对Q345和Q235B母材及焊接接头试件进行应力比为-1的超声疲劳试验。结果发现无论母材还是焊接接头,其S-N曲线都是一条连续下降的曲线;在10~7~10~9循环周次范围内焊接接头不存在传统概念上的疲劳极限,载荷循环周次超过10~7甚至10~9以后,试件依然发生疲劳断裂。在超长寿命区间,焊接接头疲劳强度远低于母材的疲劳强度。
     不论是Q345还是Q235B,它们的母材和焊接试件试件疲劳源都位于试件表面或次表面;未发现有裂纹起源于试件的内部夹杂物。
     利用双周疲劳试验装置对Q345及Q235B薄板对接试件进行纯低周、纯高周及双周疲劳试验。结果发现在应力比R=0.5或者最大应力值max=420MPa条件下,双周疲劳载荷对Q345及Q235B薄板对接试件的疲劳寿命有很不利的影响。随着高周分量比例的提高,焊接接头的疲劳寿命明显缩短。
     使用超声冲击处理焊接试件焊趾部位。结果发现经过超声冲击处理的Q345薄板对接试件,其双周疲劳强度明显高于焊态试件的双周疲劳强度。
     通过扫描电镜观察双周疲劳试件的断口,发现裂纹扩展区存在明显的二次裂纹和疲劳台阶。断口呈现以河流花样为主的疲劳条纹。
     使用线性累积损伤理论分析双周疲劳载荷作用下焊接接头的疲劳寿命,发现使用Miner法则会低估两个分量载荷之间强烈的耦合作用。耦合作用的大小与高低周振幅比关系很大。
The loading configuration experienced by many important welded structuresconsists of low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF), namely, combinedcycle fatigue(CCF). The objective of this paper was to study the fatigue properties ofwelded joint in Q345and Q235B steel.
     To simulate the CCF loading, a CCF testing apparatus that is capable of providinginteractive LCF loading and HCF loading was developed. The HCF loading wasprovided by a ultrasonic fatigue testing apparatus based on DSP.
     Base metal specimens and welded joint specimens in Q345and Q235B steelwere tested by the ultrasonic fatigue testing apparatus at stress ratio R=-1. The testingresults show that the S-N curves of both base metal and welded joints descendcontinuously in super long life region. Fatigue fracture can still happen on thespecimen and there is no fatigue limit between10~7and10~9cycles. The fatiguestrength of welded joist is far less than that of base metal in super long life region.
     All Cracks initiate at the surface or subsurface of base metal specimens andwelded joint specimens in Q345and Q235B steel. No crack initiation at internalinclusions was found.
     Thin butt specimens in Q345and Q235B steel were tested under pure LCF, pureHCF and CCF loading by the CCF testing apparatus. The results indicate theapplication of the CCF is detrimental to fatigue life under conditions of stress ratio of0.5and maximum stress of420MPa.
     Using ultrasonic peening method to treat the toe zone of the welded specimens.The CCF testing results show that the CCF strength of the specimens treated byultrasonic peening is higher than that of specimens as welded greatly.
     The CCF fracture were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope. There arelots of secondary cracks and fatigue steps on the fracture surface. Obvious riverstriations can be found on crack propagation zone.
     A cumulative linear damage analysis was performed to estimate fatigue life of thewelded joint fatigued by CCF loading. The results indicate that the strong couplingeffect between the two loading components will be underestimated using Miner ruleestimating the fatigue life of the sepcimens. There is an obvious relation between the coupling effect and the amplitude ratio of HCF loading to LCF loading.
引文
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