刚—柔耦合支护防治冲击地压机理研究
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摘要
世界范围内浅部资源正日益枯竭，深部资源开采迫在眉睫。然而，随着深井采矿、深埋隧道和硐室等人类活动的不断深入地下，地应力呈非线性增加，地温升高，地质环境更加复杂多变，冲击地压发生频次和破坏程度也愈加强烈，释放大量冲击能造成支护围岩体破坏，给人民生命、财产和生产安全带来极大危害，亟待在防冲支护材料和方法方面做出重大突破。因此，建立刚-柔耦合支护模型，对多孔金属材料动态力学特性和吸能性能进行实验研究，分析不同支护巷道冲击破坏规律，揭示刚-柔耦合吸能机理，提出刚-柔-刚耦合支护方法，为防治巷道冲击破坏提供一种防冲支护材料和方法，具有重要的理论研究意义和实用价值。采用理论分析、材料实验、相似模拟试验和数值计算相结合的研究方法，对刚-柔耦合吸能机理及防冲支护进行研究。实验研究准静态和冲击载荷条件下多孔金属材料的力学行为、吸能特性和防冲支护的吸能效果；理论分析冲击地压巷道围岩破坏发生的应力判据和能量条件，建立刚-柔耦合吸能模型(刚-柔-刚耦合支护体系：R-F-R)并进行防冲理论研究；相似材料试验研究冲击地压发生和破坏过程及不同支护巷道变形规律，分析不同支护效果；数值模拟研究高速冲击载荷作用下冲击地压巷道变形破坏规律，分析不同支护条件下巷道破坏程度，检验刚-柔耦合防冲支护的合理和有效性；基于防冲机理，进行防冲支护装置研制，对防冲装置提供初撑力大小和缓冲吸能作用进行理论分析和实验研究，将柔性体+强力支护手段应用到跃进煤矿25110工作面下巷，对比分析传统支护和防冲支护冲击破坏结果，初步验证刚-柔耦合防冲支护的可靠性。
1.多孔金属材料及防冲支护吸能机理研究：利用准静态压缩实验、高速冲击实验和SHPB实验方法，结合细观结构和宏观力学两方面对不同多孔金属材料动态力学特性和防冲支护吸能性能进行实验分析，研究材料参数、细观结构变化对材料动态力学特性和防冲吸能性能的影响，揭示刚-柔耦合防冲支护吸能机理。
(1)不同基体材料对泡沫金属动态力学特性的影响研究
采用高速冲击实验方法，借助电镜扫描(SEM)技术手段，从细观结构和宏观力学两方面出发，对闭孔Al基、Al-Si12基、Al-Si6基、泡沫镁及泡沫铝-纤维合金和泡沫铝-稀土合金等泡沫金属系列材料进行冲击实验，得到不同材料应力-应变曲线和吸能曲线，研究材料基体对其动态力学特性的影响，进而优选冲击吸能性能良好的多孔金属材料。
(2)材料参数影响的泡沫金属动态力学特性分析
材料参数对其冲击吸能性能影响较大，选择材料尺寸相同，不同材料密度、不同孔隙度以及材料孔径的闭孔Al-Si6基泡沫材料，利用高速冲击实验和SHPB实验研究方法，考虑材料参数对吸能性能的影响，研究材料密度、孔隙度和孔径与材料动态力学特性的关系，从而确定合适的材料参数。
(3)考虑试件尺寸效应影响的多孔金属材料动态力学特性分析
考虑尺寸效应对材料吸能性能的影响，利用冲击载荷实验系统，选择实验材料均为闭孔Al-Si6基泡沫材料，研究试样形状和尺寸效应对其动态力学特性的影响，进而选择合理的吸能材料尺寸高宽比。
(4)多孔金属材料及防冲支护吸能机理研究
根据落锤冲击实验和SHPB实验结果，利用电镜扫描(SEM)技术，对基体材料(Al基、Al-Si12基、Al-Si6基、泡沫镁及泡沫铝-纤维合金和泡沫铝-稀土合金)破裂细观形貌特征进行分析，研究细观结构变化对材料吸能影响；利用冲击实验系统，对钢支架、底脚式支架和顶端式支架吸能性能进行分析，揭示刚-柔耦合支护防冲机理。
2.刚-柔耦合模型及防冲理论解析：从能量吸收的角度出发，研究冲击地压巷道围岩破坏发生的应力判据和能量条件，建立刚-柔耦合吸能模型并进行防冲理论解析，提出刚-柔-刚耦合支护方法。
(1)从能量角度出发，对冲击地压巷道围岩破坏机理进行研究，研究支护巷道围岩冲击破坏发生的应力判据和能量条件。
(2)基于应力波的冲击破坏理论，建立围岩-吸能材料-钢支架刚-柔耦合吸能支护力学模型，揭示刚-柔耦合吸能支护的耦合关系，进而研究吸能支护冲击波耗散机理和支护耗能机理，得出防冲支护能量耗散标准。
(3)对R-F-R支护结构进行简化，根据材料力学和冲击波理论相关知识，进行冲击波作用下R-F-R支护结构衰减冲击波性能理论解析，得到多孔金属材料厚度和材料性能对其衰减冲击波的影响，对比分析设置多孔金属材料前后支护结构的缓冲和吸能效果。
(4)提出刚-柔-刚耦合支护方式，并对不同支护进行防冲实验分析，研究防冲支护方法，进而提出建立柔性支护体+强力支护耦合支护手段，提高巷道安全程度，降低冲击型动力灾害。
3.冲击巷道支护模拟试验研究：利用爆炸加载方式模拟高速冲击载荷作用，借助数字散斑光测技术手段，研究巷道围岩破坏过程及不同支护条件下巷道变形规律；同时，在实验室研究冲击地压发生过程及锚杆、U型钢、棚索协同支护以及刚-柔耦合支护(巷道衬砌吸能材料+强力支护)条件下巷道冲击破坏规律。
(1)利用低能爆炸加载方式，借助高速采集数字散斑光测装置，对高速冲击载荷作用下巷道动态破裂规律进行相似试验研究，并研究锚杆支护和刚-柔耦合支护巷道冲击破坏规律。
(2)利用相似理论，按照一定的配比制作脆性材料，采用单轴加载的方法，借助数字散斑光测方法，对制作标准试件进行压缩冲击破坏试验研究，确定合适作为冲击地压相似模拟的材料配比和强度。
(3)考虑尺寸效应的影响，模拟不同巷道尺寸条件下冲击破坏规律，确定模拟巷道冲击破坏的合理巷道形状及尺寸，对不同支护条件下巷道冲击破坏过程进行试验研究，对比分析不同支护巷道冲击破坏规律，检验刚-柔耦合支护的合理和有效性。
4.支护巷道冲击破坏非线性动力学分析：将冲击波作为离散的动态冲击载荷施加在模型内部节点上，利用FLAC3D进行煤岩巷道冲击变形破坏过程的三维数值计算，实现先加载后开挖及合理动力加载方式，分别研究裸巷、锚网锚杆、U型钢支护和防冲支护等条件下的巷道冲击破坏规律，并从能量角度出发，对不同支护方式的支护效果进行分析，进一步说明防冲支护的有效性。
5.根据防冲结构设计的基本依据，研究了可实现提供较大初撑力，又起到良好缓冲吸能作用的防冲结构，并进行了防冲装置的研制。利用理论分析和试验研究相结合的研究方法，对防冲装置提供初撑力大小和缓冲吸能作用进行了研究，得到了消除装置自锁发生的合理角度，弹簧压缩量与装置提供初撑力之间的关系，也说明刚-柔耦合防冲支护的可靠性，为防冲支护设计和应用提供了科学依据。
6.基于刚-柔耦合支护防冲机理，跃进煤矿25110工作面下巷采用锚网索+36U椭圆型棚封闭柔性支护加刚性支护耦合防冲支护手段，对比了传统支护与防冲支护冲击破坏结果，初步验证了刚-柔耦合防冲支护在防治冲击地压灾害方面的可行性，为优化和改进防冲支护材料和结构提供指导，可望进一步改善防冲支护性能，降低冲击地压灾害危害。
Deep resource mining is imminent because the shallow resources are increasinglyexhausted worldwide. However, with the increase of deep mining, buried tunnel andother underground human activities, the geostress increases nonlinearly, the temperaturerises quickly, and geological environment is more complicated. At the same time, rockbroken and supporting overall instability and failure caused by impact energy bringgreat harm to people’s lives, properties and industrial safety. It is necessary to make asignificant breakthrough in the new materials and methods of rockburst preventionsupport. Therefore, it has the important theoretical significance and practical value toestablish rigid-flexible coupling support model, reveal energy absorption mechanism,put forward rigid-flexible-rigid coupling support method and provide a new material andmethod for rockburst prevention support. The rigid-flexible coupling energy absorptionmechanism and rockburst prevention support method are studied by using theoreticalanalysis, impact test, similar simulation experiment and numerical calculation method.Experiments study the mechanical behavior, energy-absorption ability of porous metalmaterials and rockburst prevention support effect under the condition of quasi-static andimpact load. Theoretical analyses show the stress criterion and energy conditions ofsurrounding rock in rockburst roadway, establish rigid-flexible coupling mode(rigid-flexible-rigid coupling support system: R-F-R), and study the theory of rockburstprevention support. Similar material simulation experiments research the process ofrockburst, the roadway deformation law and the supporting effect of different supporttypes. Numerical simulation studies the deformation law of roadway under high-speedimpact load, and the roadway damage degree under different supporting conditions. Atlast, it proves the reasonableness and effectiveness in roadway support. Based on themechanism of rockburst prevention, the rockburst prevention support device isdeveloped. By theoretical analysis and experimental research, the setting force and thebuffer absorption effect of the device are studied. The coupling support of flexible bodyand strong support is used for roadway of25110working face in Yuejin coal mine. Theimpact failure of traditional and rockburst prevention support is analyzed comparatively. The results primarily validate the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburstprevention support.
1. Absorbing mechanism study on porous metal materials and rockburst preventionsupport. With quasi-static compression experiment, high-speed impact experiment andSHPB experiment methods, the performance on dynamic mechanical properties andenergy absorption influenced by material parameters and microscopic structure changeis studied combined with two aspects of microscopic structure and macroscopicmechanical, and the energy absorption mechanism is revealed.
(1) Study on the influence of dynamic mechanical properties of different foammetals
Based on impact test and scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology,combined with two aspects of microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical, thestress-strain and absorbing energy curves of closed-cell foam metals with matrix Al,matrix Al-Si6, matrix Al-Si12, Mg matrix, aluminum-fiber and RE-Al alloys arediscussed, and then optimize the good performance of porous metal materials of energyabsorption.
(2) Analysis on the dynamic mechanical properties of porous metal materialsinfluenced by material properties.
With high-speed impact experiment and SHPB experiment research methods,considering material parameters on the influence of absorbing energy performance, therelationship between dynamic mechanical characteristics and density, porosity and poresize are studied. Accordingly, the suitable material parameters are determined.
(3) Analysis on dynamic mechanical properties of porous metal materials with theconsideration of the size effect
Sample shape and size effect on its dynamic mechanical characteristics arediscussed with impact load experiment system, choosing closed-cell foam metals withmatrix Al-Si6. Then the rational height-width ratio is confirmed.
(4) Absorbing mechanism research on porous metal materials and rockburstprevention support
By scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology, mesoscopic fracturemorphology of closed-cell foam metals with matrix Al, matrix Al-Si6, matrix Al-Si12, Mg matrix, aluminum-fiber and RE-Al alloys are studied. Using impact load experimentsystem, energy absorption performance of rockburst prevention support is analyzed.Accordingly, energy absorption mechanism is revealed.
2. Analysis on rigid-flexible coupling model and rockburst prevention theory. Fromthe angle of energy absorption, the stress criterion and energy conditions of surroundingrock in rockburst roadway are theoretically analyzed, and rigid-flexible coupling modeis established; the theory of rockburst prevention support is studied; and thenrigid-flexible-rigid coupling support method is put forward.
(1) From the angle of energy absorption, the failure mechanism of surrounding rockis studied; the stress criterion and energy conditions of surrounding rock in rockburstroadway are theoretically analyzed.
(2) Based on the impact destruction theory of stress wave, rigid-flexible couplingenergy absorption supporting mechanics model of rock-energy absorption material-steelis established, the coupling relationship of rigid-flexible coupling energy absorptionsupporting is revealed, and shock wave dissipation mechanism and energy dissipationmechanism are studied, too. The energy dissipation standards for rockburst preventionsupport are revealed.
(3) According to the material mechanics and relevant knowledge to shockwavetheory, attenuation shockwave performance of R-F-R supporting structure undershockwave effect is theoretically analyzed. The influence of porous metal materialthickness and material properties on the attenuation shock wave is received. At last,energy absorption effect of rockburst prevention support is studied.
(4) In order to reduce the impact type hydraulic disaster effectively, rigid-flexiblecoupling support patterns are put forward, the coupling support of flexible body+strongsupport is established.
3. Experimental research on impact roadway. Under explosive loading and thedigital speckle correlation method(DSCM), the dynamic failure process of roadwayunder high velocity impact loading is simulated by using similarity simulationexperiment. Then the impact damage process of coal roadway under anchor bolt, U typesteel and rigid-flexible coupling support is studied. The impact failure mechanism ofroadway under the interaction between coal rock and support is revealed.
(1) Adopting similarity simulation experiment under explosive loading and thedigital speckle correlation method(DSCM), the dynamic failure process of roadway ofanchor bolt and rigid-flexible coupling support under high velocity impact loading issimulated.
(2) Utilizing similarity theory, adopting uniaxial loading method and digitalspeckle measuring methods, material blending ratio and strength for rockburst is definedby compression test.
(3) Considering the influence of size effect, experimental research on deformationlaw of roadway under high-speed impact load, and the roadway damage degree underdifferent supporting conditions, the reasonable and effective in roadway support isverified.
4. Using nonlinear dynamic analysis method，the law of deep roadway deformation underhigh-speed impact loading is analyzed by FLAC3Dcalculation software. The impact damageprocess of coal roadway under anchor bolt, U type steel and rockburst prevention support arestudied. The supporting effect of different support types is analyzed from the angle of energy.All the above shows the effectiveness of the rockburst prevention support further.
5. According to the design basis of rockburst prevention structure, the rockburst preventionsupport device is developed. By the combination methods of theoretical analysis andexperimental research, the setting force and the buffer absorption effect of rockburst preventionsupport device are studied. The reasonable angle of eliminate self-locking and the relationshipbetween the spring compression value and the setting force are obtained. The results furthershow the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburst prevention support. And then theresearch results can offer scientific basis for the supporting design and it’s application.
6. Based on the rigid-flexible coupling rockburst prevention mechanism, the couplingsupport of flexible body+strong support is used for roadway of25110working face in Yuejincoal mine. The impact failure of traditional and rockburst prevention support is comparativelyanalyzed. The results primarily validate the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburstprevention support.
1.多孔金属材料及防冲支护吸能机理研究：利用准静态压缩实验、高速冲击实验和SHPB实验方法，结合细观结构和宏观力学两方面对不同多孔金属材料动态力学特性和防冲支护吸能性能进行实验分析，研究材料参数、细观结构变化对材料动态力学特性和防冲吸能性能的影响，揭示刚-柔耦合防冲支护吸能机理。
(1)不同基体材料对泡沫金属动态力学特性的影响研究
采用高速冲击实验方法，借助电镜扫描(SEM)技术手段，从细观结构和宏观力学两方面出发，对闭孔Al基、Al-Si12基、Al-Si6基、泡沫镁及泡沫铝-纤维合金和泡沫铝-稀土合金等泡沫金属系列材料进行冲击实验，得到不同材料应力-应变曲线和吸能曲线，研究材料基体对其动态力学特性的影响，进而优选冲击吸能性能良好的多孔金属材料。
(2)材料参数影响的泡沫金属动态力学特性分析
材料参数对其冲击吸能性能影响较大，选择材料尺寸相同，不同材料密度、不同孔隙度以及材料孔径的闭孔Al-Si6基泡沫材料，利用高速冲击实验和SHPB实验研究方法，考虑材料参数对吸能性能的影响，研究材料密度、孔隙度和孔径与材料动态力学特性的关系，从而确定合适的材料参数。
(3)考虑试件尺寸效应影响的多孔金属材料动态力学特性分析
考虑尺寸效应对材料吸能性能的影响，利用冲击载荷实验系统，选择实验材料均为闭孔Al-Si6基泡沫材料，研究试样形状和尺寸效应对其动态力学特性的影响，进而选择合理的吸能材料尺寸高宽比。
(4)多孔金属材料及防冲支护吸能机理研究
根据落锤冲击实验和SHPB实验结果，利用电镜扫描(SEM)技术，对基体材料(Al基、Al-Si12基、Al-Si6基、泡沫镁及泡沫铝-纤维合金和泡沫铝-稀土合金)破裂细观形貌特征进行分析，研究细观结构变化对材料吸能影响；利用冲击实验系统，对钢支架、底脚式支架和顶端式支架吸能性能进行分析，揭示刚-柔耦合支护防冲机理。
2.刚-柔耦合模型及防冲理论解析：从能量吸收的角度出发，研究冲击地压巷道围岩破坏发生的应力判据和能量条件，建立刚-柔耦合吸能模型并进行防冲理论解析，提出刚-柔-刚耦合支护方法。
(1)从能量角度出发，对冲击地压巷道围岩破坏机理进行研究，研究支护巷道围岩冲击破坏发生的应力判据和能量条件。
(2)基于应力波的冲击破坏理论，建立围岩-吸能材料-钢支架刚-柔耦合吸能支护力学模型，揭示刚-柔耦合吸能支护的耦合关系，进而研究吸能支护冲击波耗散机理和支护耗能机理，得出防冲支护能量耗散标准。
(3)对R-F-R支护结构进行简化，根据材料力学和冲击波理论相关知识，进行冲击波作用下R-F-R支护结构衰减冲击波性能理论解析，得到多孔金属材料厚度和材料性能对其衰减冲击波的影响，对比分析设置多孔金属材料前后支护结构的缓冲和吸能效果。
(4)提出刚-柔-刚耦合支护方式，并对不同支护进行防冲实验分析，研究防冲支护方法，进而提出建立柔性支护体+强力支护耦合支护手段，提高巷道安全程度，降低冲击型动力灾害。
3.冲击巷道支护模拟试验研究：利用爆炸加载方式模拟高速冲击载荷作用，借助数字散斑光测技术手段，研究巷道围岩破坏过程及不同支护条件下巷道变形规律；同时，在实验室研究冲击地压发生过程及锚杆、U型钢、棚索协同支护以及刚-柔耦合支护(巷道衬砌吸能材料+强力支护)条件下巷道冲击破坏规律。
(1)利用低能爆炸加载方式，借助高速采集数字散斑光测装置，对高速冲击载荷作用下巷道动态破裂规律进行相似试验研究，并研究锚杆支护和刚-柔耦合支护巷道冲击破坏规律。
(2)利用相似理论，按照一定的配比制作脆性材料，采用单轴加载的方法，借助数字散斑光测方法，对制作标准试件进行压缩冲击破坏试验研究，确定合适作为冲击地压相似模拟的材料配比和强度。
(3)考虑尺寸效应的影响，模拟不同巷道尺寸条件下冲击破坏规律，确定模拟巷道冲击破坏的合理巷道形状及尺寸，对不同支护条件下巷道冲击破坏过程进行试验研究，对比分析不同支护巷道冲击破坏规律，检验刚-柔耦合支护的合理和有效性。
4.支护巷道冲击破坏非线性动力学分析：将冲击波作为离散的动态冲击载荷施加在模型内部节点上，利用FLAC3D进行煤岩巷道冲击变形破坏过程的三维数值计算，实现先加载后开挖及合理动力加载方式，分别研究裸巷、锚网锚杆、U型钢支护和防冲支护等条件下的巷道冲击破坏规律，并从能量角度出发，对不同支护方式的支护效果进行分析，进一步说明防冲支护的有效性。
5.根据防冲结构设计的基本依据，研究了可实现提供较大初撑力，又起到良好缓冲吸能作用的防冲结构，并进行了防冲装置的研制。利用理论分析和试验研究相结合的研究方法，对防冲装置提供初撑力大小和缓冲吸能作用进行了研究，得到了消除装置自锁发生的合理角度，弹簧压缩量与装置提供初撑力之间的关系，也说明刚-柔耦合防冲支护的可靠性，为防冲支护设计和应用提供了科学依据。
6.基于刚-柔耦合支护防冲机理，跃进煤矿25110工作面下巷采用锚网索+36U椭圆型棚封闭柔性支护加刚性支护耦合防冲支护手段，对比了传统支护与防冲支护冲击破坏结果，初步验证了刚-柔耦合防冲支护在防治冲击地压灾害方面的可行性，为优化和改进防冲支护材料和结构提供指导，可望进一步改善防冲支护性能，降低冲击地压灾害危害。
Deep resource mining is imminent because the shallow resources are increasinglyexhausted worldwide. However, with the increase of deep mining, buried tunnel andother underground human activities, the geostress increases nonlinearly, the temperaturerises quickly, and geological environment is more complicated. At the same time, rockbroken and supporting overall instability and failure caused by impact energy bringgreat harm to people’s lives, properties and industrial safety. It is necessary to make asignificant breakthrough in the new materials and methods of rockburst preventionsupport. Therefore, it has the important theoretical significance and practical value toestablish rigid-flexible coupling support model, reveal energy absorption mechanism,put forward rigid-flexible-rigid coupling support method and provide a new material andmethod for rockburst prevention support. The rigid-flexible coupling energy absorptionmechanism and rockburst prevention support method are studied by using theoreticalanalysis, impact test, similar simulation experiment and numerical calculation method.Experiments study the mechanical behavior, energy-absorption ability of porous metalmaterials and rockburst prevention support effect under the condition of quasi-static andimpact load. Theoretical analyses show the stress criterion and energy conditions ofsurrounding rock in rockburst roadway, establish rigid-flexible coupling mode(rigid-flexible-rigid coupling support system: R-F-R), and study the theory of rockburstprevention support. Similar material simulation experiments research the process ofrockburst, the roadway deformation law and the supporting effect of different supporttypes. Numerical simulation studies the deformation law of roadway under high-speedimpact load, and the roadway damage degree under different supporting conditions. Atlast, it proves the reasonableness and effectiveness in roadway support. Based on themechanism of rockburst prevention, the rockburst prevention support device isdeveloped. By theoretical analysis and experimental research, the setting force and thebuffer absorption effect of the device are studied. The coupling support of flexible bodyand strong support is used for roadway of25110working face in Yuejin coal mine. Theimpact failure of traditional and rockburst prevention support is analyzed comparatively. The results primarily validate the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburstprevention support.
1. Absorbing mechanism study on porous metal materials and rockburst preventionsupport. With quasi-static compression experiment, high-speed impact experiment andSHPB experiment methods, the performance on dynamic mechanical properties andenergy absorption influenced by material parameters and microscopic structure changeis studied combined with two aspects of microscopic structure and macroscopicmechanical, and the energy absorption mechanism is revealed.
(1) Study on the influence of dynamic mechanical properties of different foammetals
Based on impact test and scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology,combined with two aspects of microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical, thestress-strain and absorbing energy curves of closed-cell foam metals with matrix Al,matrix Al-Si6, matrix Al-Si12, Mg matrix, aluminum-fiber and RE-Al alloys arediscussed, and then optimize the good performance of porous metal materials of energyabsorption.
(2) Analysis on the dynamic mechanical properties of porous metal materialsinfluenced by material properties.
With high-speed impact experiment and SHPB experiment research methods,considering material parameters on the influence of absorbing energy performance, therelationship between dynamic mechanical characteristics and density, porosity and poresize are studied. Accordingly, the suitable material parameters are determined.
(3) Analysis on dynamic mechanical properties of porous metal materials with theconsideration of the size effect
Sample shape and size effect on its dynamic mechanical characteristics arediscussed with impact load experiment system, choosing closed-cell foam metals withmatrix Al-Si6. Then the rational height-width ratio is confirmed.
(4) Absorbing mechanism research on porous metal materials and rockburstprevention support
By scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology, mesoscopic fracturemorphology of closed-cell foam metals with matrix Al, matrix Al-Si6, matrix Al-Si12, Mg matrix, aluminum-fiber and RE-Al alloys are studied. Using impact load experimentsystem, energy absorption performance of rockburst prevention support is analyzed.Accordingly, energy absorption mechanism is revealed.
2. Analysis on rigid-flexible coupling model and rockburst prevention theory. Fromthe angle of energy absorption, the stress criterion and energy conditions of surroundingrock in rockburst roadway are theoretically analyzed, and rigid-flexible coupling modeis established; the theory of rockburst prevention support is studied; and thenrigid-flexible-rigid coupling support method is put forward.
(1) From the angle of energy absorption, the failure mechanism of surrounding rockis studied; the stress criterion and energy conditions of surrounding rock in rockburstroadway are theoretically analyzed.
(2) Based on the impact destruction theory of stress wave, rigid-flexible couplingenergy absorption supporting mechanics model of rock-energy absorption material-steelis established, the coupling relationship of rigid-flexible coupling energy absorptionsupporting is revealed, and shock wave dissipation mechanism and energy dissipationmechanism are studied, too. The energy dissipation standards for rockburst preventionsupport are revealed.
(3) According to the material mechanics and relevant knowledge to shockwavetheory, attenuation shockwave performance of R-F-R supporting structure undershockwave effect is theoretically analyzed. The influence of porous metal materialthickness and material properties on the attenuation shock wave is received. At last,energy absorption effect of rockburst prevention support is studied.
(4) In order to reduce the impact type hydraulic disaster effectively, rigid-flexiblecoupling support patterns are put forward, the coupling support of flexible body+strongsupport is established.
3. Experimental research on impact roadway. Under explosive loading and thedigital speckle correlation method(DSCM), the dynamic failure process of roadwayunder high velocity impact loading is simulated by using similarity simulationexperiment. Then the impact damage process of coal roadway under anchor bolt, U typesteel and rigid-flexible coupling support is studied. The impact failure mechanism ofroadway under the interaction between coal rock and support is revealed.
(1) Adopting similarity simulation experiment under explosive loading and thedigital speckle correlation method(DSCM), the dynamic failure process of roadway ofanchor bolt and rigid-flexible coupling support under high velocity impact loading issimulated.
(2) Utilizing similarity theory, adopting uniaxial loading method and digitalspeckle measuring methods, material blending ratio and strength for rockburst is definedby compression test.
(3) Considering the influence of size effect, experimental research on deformationlaw of roadway under high-speed impact load, and the roadway damage degree underdifferent supporting conditions, the reasonable and effective in roadway support isverified.
4. Using nonlinear dynamic analysis method，the law of deep roadway deformation underhigh-speed impact loading is analyzed by FLAC3Dcalculation software. The impact damageprocess of coal roadway under anchor bolt, U type steel and rockburst prevention support arestudied. The supporting effect of different support types is analyzed from the angle of energy.All the above shows the effectiveness of the rockburst prevention support further.
5. According to the design basis of rockburst prevention structure, the rockburst preventionsupport device is developed. By the combination methods of theoretical analysis andexperimental research, the setting force and the buffer absorption effect of rockburst preventionsupport device are studied. The reasonable angle of eliminate self-locking and the relationshipbetween the spring compression value and the setting force are obtained. The results furthershow the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburst prevention support. And then theresearch results can offer scientific basis for the supporting design and it’s application.
6. Based on the rigid-flexible coupling rockburst prevention mechanism, the couplingsupport of flexible body+strong support is used for roadway of25110working face in Yuejincoal mine. The impact failure of traditional and rockburst prevention support is comparativelyanalyzed. The results primarily validate the reliability of rigid-flexible coupling rockburstprevention support.
引文
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