考虑尺度效应的泥沙颗粒周围水动力特性研究
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摘要
考虑尺度效应的泥沙颗粒周围水动力特性研究对泥沙的运动起着重要作用。尺度效应基于几何尺度和动力尺度两个方面。从几何尺度的角度看，可划分为细颗粒与粗颗粒情况。从动力尺度的角度看，可划分为低雷诺数与高雷诺数情况。本文通过理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究的方法对考虑尺度效应的泥沙颗粒周围的水流结构进行详细研究，重点进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1.小尺度细颗粒情况，主要针对其受扰动的冲淤及流动结构情况进行分析。
首先，基于有限体积法的立面二维数值模型，同时结合了经典的泥沙起动流速公式和冲刷深度近似的计算理论，考虑进口流速、管径和泥沙粒径的影响，对南海管线周围的小尺度泥沙床面的冲淤进行了预测，结果可供工程应用借鉴；
其次，基于曲线坐标下有限差分法的立面二维数值模型，对小尺度泥沙床面受扰动的流动特性做进一步模拟，对不同大小扰动物影响的情况进行对比分析，得出了不同管径尺度下的冲刷深度公式；
最后，通过水槽试验对小尺度细颗粒受扰动形成的床面演化进行研究，得到了冲淤演变、流场分布及能量谱等。
2.大尺度粗颗粒情况，主要针对卵石在不同隐蔽度下的流动结构进行分析。
首先，基于有限差分法的立面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与垂向的隐蔽度，针对线性波作用于大尺度粗颗粒的流动特性做了细致分析；
其次，基于有限体积法的立面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与垂向的隐蔽度，颗粒起动采用滚动模式，结合水流结构进一步探讨其在高雷诺数下的起动规律，通过比较9种情况下阻力与升力的数值结果分析表明，纵向隐蔽度对水动力因素亦有较大影响；
再次，基于有限体积法的平面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与横向的隐蔽度，对低雷诺数时横向颗粒在不同隐蔽情况下的绕流结构、涡动力特性、升阻力系数进行了研究；
最后，通过水槽试验得到了不同纵向与垂向隐蔽度下粗颗粒周围的流场分布、断面流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力、紊动动能等。同时还应用了EEMD-HHT的理论与方法到水流结构的研究中，得到了相应的边际谱、边际能量谱、瞬时能量谱以及总能量。
Studying on flow dynamics characteristics around sediment particles withconsideration of scale effect is of great significance to research the movement ofsediment. Scale effect is based on the two aspects: geometric scale and dynamicalscale. From the view of the geometric scale, it can be divided as fine grains and coarsegrains. From the view of the dynamical scale, it can be divided as low Reynoldsnumber and high Reynolds number conditions. This paper investigates the flowstructure around sediment particles briefly considering the scale effect by means oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental investigation, especiallyon the following issues:
1. For fine grains, the erosion and deposition and flow structure in the perturbedcase by pipe are mainly analyzed.
To begin with, based on finite volume method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model is presented, formulas of incipient velocity of various sediments,approximate calculation on theoretical scour depths are put forward for pipelines’scour and deposit in the South China Sea for engineering application with theconsideration of effects of incipient velocity, pipe diameter and sediment particle size.
Additionally, based on finite difference method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model has been performed to do further simulation about flow structure forlocal scour around pipeline, and compare two final results under the disturbance ofdifferent pipes, and the corresponding scour formula is obtained.
Finally, this paper obtains sediment transportation, flow field distribution andenergy spectrum through flume experiment on bed evolution resulted by disturbanceof fine grains.
2. For coarse grains, the flow structures of the pebbles in different hiddendegrees are analyzed.
Firstly, based on finite difference method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate the flow characteristics of thecoarse grains under linear wave considering longitudinal and vertical hidden degrees.
Secondly, based on finite volume method, a vertical two-dimensional(2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate the flows around one or more circular pebbles in meticulous arrangements at high Reynolds number, which givesconsideration to longitudinal and vertical hidden degree, and the rolling model isincorporated to further explore the start rule combined with water flow structure.Comparison numerical results show that longitudinal hidden degree also has arelatively significant effect on hydrodynamic forces factors in view of9cases.
Newly, based on finite volume method, a horizontal two-dimensional(2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate flow structure around pebbles atlow Reynolds numbers with numerical analysis via the non-staggered grids. Takinginto account the longitudinal and lateral hidden degree, the flow structure and thedynamic characteristics of vortex around pebbles, lift and drag force are simulatedrigorously considering effects of different Reynolds number and different relativehidden degree.
Lastly, flow field distribution, section velocity, turbulent intensity, Reynoldsstress, as well as turbulent kinetic energy around the coarse grains of different hiddendegree in longitudinal and vertical are obtained by flume experiments. Meanwhile,theory and method of EEMD-HHT are employed to study the flow structure, and thecorresponding marginal spectrum, the marginal energy spectrum, the instantaneousenergy spectrum and the total energy are obtained.
1.小尺度细颗粒情况，主要针对其受扰动的冲淤及流动结构情况进行分析。
首先，基于有限体积法的立面二维数值模型，同时结合了经典的泥沙起动流速公式和冲刷深度近似的计算理论，考虑进口流速、管径和泥沙粒径的影响，对南海管线周围的小尺度泥沙床面的冲淤进行了预测，结果可供工程应用借鉴；
其次，基于曲线坐标下有限差分法的立面二维数值模型，对小尺度泥沙床面受扰动的流动特性做进一步模拟，对不同大小扰动物影响的情况进行对比分析，得出了不同管径尺度下的冲刷深度公式；
最后，通过水槽试验对小尺度细颗粒受扰动形成的床面演化进行研究，得到了冲淤演变、流场分布及能量谱等。
2.大尺度粗颗粒情况，主要针对卵石在不同隐蔽度下的流动结构进行分析。
首先，基于有限差分法的立面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与垂向的隐蔽度，针对线性波作用于大尺度粗颗粒的流动特性做了细致分析；
其次，基于有限体积法的立面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与垂向的隐蔽度，颗粒起动采用滚动模式，结合水流结构进一步探讨其在高雷诺数下的起动规律，通过比较9种情况下阻力与升力的数值结果分析表明，纵向隐蔽度对水动力因素亦有较大影响；
再次，基于有限体积法的平面二维数值模型，考虑到纵向与横向的隐蔽度，对低雷诺数时横向颗粒在不同隐蔽情况下的绕流结构、涡动力特性、升阻力系数进行了研究；
最后，通过水槽试验得到了不同纵向与垂向隐蔽度下粗颗粒周围的流场分布、断面流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力、紊动动能等。同时还应用了EEMD-HHT的理论与方法到水流结构的研究中，得到了相应的边际谱、边际能量谱、瞬时能量谱以及总能量。
Studying on flow dynamics characteristics around sediment particles withconsideration of scale effect is of great significance to research the movement ofsediment. Scale effect is based on the two aspects: geometric scale and dynamicalscale. From the view of the geometric scale, it can be divided as fine grains and coarsegrains. From the view of the dynamical scale, it can be divided as low Reynoldsnumber and high Reynolds number conditions. This paper investigates the flowstructure around sediment particles briefly considering the scale effect by means oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental investigation, especiallyon the following issues:
1. For fine grains, the erosion and deposition and flow structure in the perturbedcase by pipe are mainly analyzed.
To begin with, based on finite volume method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model is presented, formulas of incipient velocity of various sediments,approximate calculation on theoretical scour depths are put forward for pipelines’scour and deposit in the South China Sea for engineering application with theconsideration of effects of incipient velocity, pipe diameter and sediment particle size.
Additionally, based on finite difference method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model has been performed to do further simulation about flow structure forlocal scour around pipeline, and compare two final results under the disturbance ofdifferent pipes, and the corresponding scour formula is obtained.
Finally, this paper obtains sediment transportation, flow field distribution andenergy spectrum through flume experiment on bed evolution resulted by disturbanceof fine grains.
2. For coarse grains, the flow structures of the pebbles in different hiddendegrees are analyzed.
Firstly, based on finite difference method, a vertical two-dimensional (2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate the flow characteristics of thecoarse grains under linear wave considering longitudinal and vertical hidden degrees.
Secondly, based on finite volume method, a vertical two-dimensional(2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate the flows around one or more circular pebbles in meticulous arrangements at high Reynolds number, which givesconsideration to longitudinal and vertical hidden degree, and the rolling model isincorporated to further explore the start rule combined with water flow structure.Comparison numerical results show that longitudinal hidden degree also has arelatively significant effect on hydrodynamic forces factors in view of9cases.
Newly, based on finite volume method, a horizontal two-dimensional(2D)numerical model has been performed to investigate flow structure around pebbles atlow Reynolds numbers with numerical analysis via the non-staggered grids. Takinginto account the longitudinal and lateral hidden degree, the flow structure and thedynamic characteristics of vortex around pebbles, lift and drag force are simulatedrigorously considering effects of different Reynolds number and different relativehidden degree.
Lastly, flow field distribution, section velocity, turbulent intensity, Reynoldsstress, as well as turbulent kinetic energy around the coarse grains of different hiddendegree in longitudinal and vertical are obtained by flume experiments. Meanwhile,theory and method of EEMD-HHT are employed to study the flow structure, and thecorresponding marginal spectrum, the marginal energy spectrum, the instantaneousenergy spectrum and the total energy are obtained.
引文
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