东天山黄山—镜儿泉超镁铁岩带地球物理特征研究及找矿应用
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摘要
黄山-镜儿泉超镁铁岩带位于新疆著名的康古尔深大断裂的东段，全长200多千米。康古尔断裂是一条多期次多级别的断裂带。在这个断裂带上分布有许多大大小小的镁铁-超镁铁岩和30多个岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床（点），表明断裂切割深度大，具备幔源岩浆活动的条件。对这个地区地球物理场的特征进行研究，有助于提高物探异常的解释水平和探矿能力、解决深部构造问题、圈定岩体范围和评价岩体的含矿性，为这个地区的深部找矿研究发挥重要的作用。
在1:20万的重磁异常图上，黄山-镜儿泉超镁铁岩带对应着走向完全一致、长度相近的重磁梯度带异常。这个梯度带异常南低北高，具有“台阶”异常特征，表明在这个超镁铁岩带的两边存在有南低北高的密度和磁性界面。通过模型计算，证明了“台阶”重力布格异常（Δg）的方向导数Vxz极大值位置与密度界面的地面投影位置相一致，而与“台阶”的倾向无关，与倾角关系不大。由Δg计算出Vxz，根据其极大值位置确定了这个密度界面在地面的投影位置与黄山-镜儿泉断裂（F11）基本一致。针对梯度带的Δg和计算的Vxz，以“台阶”模型正演拟合出顶端埋深h=2～3km，底端延伸H在10km以上，密度差σ=（0.1～0.2）×10~3kg/m~3。说明这个密度界面向下延伸很大，密度差异明显。通过航磁法异常ΔT的化极处理和分量换算，以及不同高度的上延等处理，得出AM-2和AM-3磁性体向北陡倾，顶端埋深5-6km，向下有较大延伸。区域重磁异常显示这个超镁铁岩带下存在巨大密度界面和磁性体，具有成为深大断裂和幔源岩浆的通道的可能。
论文通过三个典型铜镍硫化物矿床含矿岩体的形态、规模和产状、岩相组合和矿物组合特征以及矿区岩、矿石的物性参数，对比分析了三个矿区的磁力、重力、极化率和电阻率的异常强度和规模，揭示出含矿岩体能够形成高磁力、高重力、高极化率和低电阻率“三高一低”的物探组合异常的内在原因和外界条件。总结出寻找这类含矿岩体的最佳物探方法组合为“重力、磁法和电法”。针对岩浆型硫化物矿床“小岩体成矿”的特点，提出了“一要尽可能地接近场源，二要尽可能地加密点距，三要尽可能地提高场的测量精度和定位精度”的“一近二密三精确”的物探找矿模式。最大限度地发挥物探方法在这个岩带上的找矿作用。
Huangshan-Jingerquan ultramafic complex zone is located in the eastern part of thefamous Kanggur large-scale fault belt, eastern Tianshan, which is over200kilometers longand a ductile shear zone of multi-phases and-levels. There are many mafic and ultramaficcomplexes with over30magma Cu-Ni sulfide deposits along the fault belt. The fault may cutat much depth and the mantle-derived magma intruded evidently. It is helpful to carry out theresearch on the geophysical field’s characteristics for improving the interpretation level of thegeophysical anomaly and the prospecting detectability, and resolving the deep structuralproblems understanding and delineating the intrusions range and evaluating the ore-bearingability of the rock mass, also which will make a significant propelling for the furtherprospecting studies on the regional resources.
On the gravitational and magnetic anomaly map with the scale of1to200,000,Huangshan--Jingerquan ductile shear zone corresponds to the anomalies of gravity andmagnetic gradient belt exactly with the same trends and approximate length. The values of thegradient zonal anomalies is higher from south to north with the characteristics of "step"anomalies, and which indicated that there is a density and magnetic interface with the lowervalue southwards and the higher value northwards between the both sides of the shear zone.The model calculation prove that the position of maximum Vxz of directional derivative ofthe "step" Bouguer Anomaly (Δg) is in accordance with the projection location of the densityinterface on the ground, and which is unrelated to the tendency of the "step” and relatedslightly to the dip of the "step”. It is defined that the projection position of the densityinterface on the surface accords to the location of Huangshan-Jingerquan Fracture (F11)basically, according to location of the maximum Vxz that is calculated Δg. According to theforward modeling for the “step” from Δg and Vxz, the buried depth (h) of the top of the step isfrom2km to3km underneath, and the extending depth (H) of the bottom is more than10kmwith the density contrast (σ) of0.1to0.2×10~3kg/m3. All the above indicate that this densityinterface extends very deeper downward with obvious difference of density. It is concludedthat the magnetic bodies of AM-2and AM-3is tilt to north steeply with the buried top depthof5km to6km and extend downward greatly, through the processing of “reduce to magnetic pole”and “conversion between field components” and “upward continuation” for theaeromagnetic ΔT. The regional gravity and magnetic anomalies show that the huge densitycontrast interface and a magnetic body exist beneath this ductile shear belt, therefore it ispossible that there is a deep faults and channels for mantle-derived magma in this ductileshearing belt.
Based on the characteristics of the shape and scale and occurrence of ore-bearing rockmass in three typical copper-nickel sulfide deposits and their lithofacies and mineralassemblage, as well as the physical parameters of rock and ore, it is compared and analyzedfor the intensity and scale of anomalies of gravity and magnetic and resistivity andpolarizability within the three mines area in this thesis, revealing the internal causes andexternal conditions of the generation of geophysical composite anomalies of "three higher andone lower" formed in the capable ore-bearing rock mass with higher magnetic force andhigher gravity and higher polarizability and lower resistivity. The optimal methods ofgeophysical prospecting for searching of this type rock mass is summed up, of whichcomprises the surveying of "gravity and magnetic and electric method". As for thecharacteristic of these magmatic sulfide deposits that “mineralization occurred in the smallerintrusive”, the geophysical prospecting model is is put forward with that “closer and smallerand higher”，which is "Approach the field source as close as possible, shorten the pointspacing as smaller as possible, increase the accuracy of the field measurement and thepositioning as higher as possible", of which means to maximize the effect of geophysicalprospecting method on this belt.
在1:20万的重磁异常图上，黄山-镜儿泉超镁铁岩带对应着走向完全一致、长度相近的重磁梯度带异常。这个梯度带异常南低北高，具有“台阶”异常特征，表明在这个超镁铁岩带的两边存在有南低北高的密度和磁性界面。通过模型计算，证明了“台阶”重力布格异常（Δg）的方向导数Vxz极大值位置与密度界面的地面投影位置相一致，而与“台阶”的倾向无关，与倾角关系不大。由Δg计算出Vxz，根据其极大值位置确定了这个密度界面在地面的投影位置与黄山-镜儿泉断裂（F11）基本一致。针对梯度带的Δg和计算的Vxz，以“台阶”模型正演拟合出顶端埋深h=2～3km，底端延伸H在10km以上，密度差σ=（0.1～0.2）×10~3kg/m~3。说明这个密度界面向下延伸很大，密度差异明显。通过航磁法异常ΔT的化极处理和分量换算，以及不同高度的上延等处理，得出AM-2和AM-3磁性体向北陡倾，顶端埋深5-6km，向下有较大延伸。区域重磁异常显示这个超镁铁岩带下存在巨大密度界面和磁性体，具有成为深大断裂和幔源岩浆的通道的可能。
论文通过三个典型铜镍硫化物矿床含矿岩体的形态、规模和产状、岩相组合和矿物组合特征以及矿区岩、矿石的物性参数，对比分析了三个矿区的磁力、重力、极化率和电阻率的异常强度和规模，揭示出含矿岩体能够形成高磁力、高重力、高极化率和低电阻率“三高一低”的物探组合异常的内在原因和外界条件。总结出寻找这类含矿岩体的最佳物探方法组合为“重力、磁法和电法”。针对岩浆型硫化物矿床“小岩体成矿”的特点，提出了“一要尽可能地接近场源，二要尽可能地加密点距，三要尽可能地提高场的测量精度和定位精度”的“一近二密三精确”的物探找矿模式。最大限度地发挥物探方法在这个岩带上的找矿作用。
Huangshan-Jingerquan ultramafic complex zone is located in the eastern part of thefamous Kanggur large-scale fault belt, eastern Tianshan, which is over200kilometers longand a ductile shear zone of multi-phases and-levels. There are many mafic and ultramaficcomplexes with over30magma Cu-Ni sulfide deposits along the fault belt. The fault may cutat much depth and the mantle-derived magma intruded evidently. It is helpful to carry out theresearch on the geophysical field’s characteristics for improving the interpretation level of thegeophysical anomaly and the prospecting detectability, and resolving the deep structuralproblems understanding and delineating the intrusions range and evaluating the ore-bearingability of the rock mass, also which will make a significant propelling for the furtherprospecting studies on the regional resources.
On the gravitational and magnetic anomaly map with the scale of1to200,000,Huangshan--Jingerquan ductile shear zone corresponds to the anomalies of gravity andmagnetic gradient belt exactly with the same trends and approximate length. The values of thegradient zonal anomalies is higher from south to north with the characteristics of "step"anomalies, and which indicated that there is a density and magnetic interface with the lowervalue southwards and the higher value northwards between the both sides of the shear zone.The model calculation prove that the position of maximum Vxz of directional derivative ofthe "step" Bouguer Anomaly (Δg) is in accordance with the projection location of the densityinterface on the ground, and which is unrelated to the tendency of the "step” and relatedslightly to the dip of the "step”. It is defined that the projection position of the densityinterface on the surface accords to the location of Huangshan-Jingerquan Fracture (F11)basically, according to location of the maximum Vxz that is calculated Δg. According to theforward modeling for the “step” from Δg and Vxz, the buried depth (h) of the top of the step isfrom2km to3km underneath, and the extending depth (H) of the bottom is more than10kmwith the density contrast (σ) of0.1to0.2×10~3kg/m3. All the above indicate that this densityinterface extends very deeper downward with obvious difference of density. It is concludedthat the magnetic bodies of AM-2and AM-3is tilt to north steeply with the buried top depthof5km to6km and extend downward greatly, through the processing of “reduce to magnetic pole”and “conversion between field components” and “upward continuation” for theaeromagnetic ΔT. The regional gravity and magnetic anomalies show that the huge densitycontrast interface and a magnetic body exist beneath this ductile shear belt, therefore it ispossible that there is a deep faults and channels for mantle-derived magma in this ductileshearing belt.
Based on the characteristics of the shape and scale and occurrence of ore-bearing rockmass in three typical copper-nickel sulfide deposits and their lithofacies and mineralassemblage, as well as the physical parameters of rock and ore, it is compared and analyzedfor the intensity and scale of anomalies of gravity and magnetic and resistivity andpolarizability within the three mines area in this thesis, revealing the internal causes andexternal conditions of the generation of geophysical composite anomalies of "three higher andone lower" formed in the capable ore-bearing rock mass with higher magnetic force andhigher gravity and higher polarizability and lower resistivity. The optimal methods ofgeophysical prospecting for searching of this type rock mass is summed up, of whichcomprises the surveying of "gravity and magnetic and electric method". As for thecharacteristic of these magmatic sulfide deposits that “mineralization occurred in the smallerintrusive”, the geophysical prospecting model is is put forward with that “closer and smallerand higher”，which is "Approach the field source as close as possible, shorten the pointspacing as smaller as possible, increase the accuracy of the field measurement and thepositioning as higher as possible", of which means to maximize the effect of geophysicalprospecting method on this belt.
引文
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