子北地区延长组油气成藏条件及富集规律研究
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摘要
本论文以鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区延长组长2、长4+5及长6油层组为研究对象,以沉积学、石油地质学、地球化学和测井学理论为指导,在收集大量地质、钻井、测井等资料的基础上,首次将子北地区作为一个整体,对子北地区延长组沉积、构造、储层、油藏类型及特征进行了深入研究,综合利用电性,岩性以及录井资料,古生物资料特征的基础上,以区域标志层为依椐、按照厚度相等及分级控制原则,重点对子北地区延长组长2、长4+5和长6油层组进行划分与对比,建立了全区的地层格架；进一步对长2、长4+5与长6油层组各小层顶面构造进行研究发现：子北地区长2、长6油层组在东西向的单斜构造背景下,受差异压实作用的影响,局部发育近东西向的鼻状隆起。
根据钻井岩芯观察、岩石类型、粒度分析、沉积构造、沉积旋回、测井及测试资料等,对子北地区沉积微相进行了分析,长2油层组主要为三角洲平原亚相沉积,发育辫状河三角洲；而长4+5、长6油层组为三角洲平原沉积,长4+5下段和长6油层组主要为三角洲平原分流河道沉积。子北地区长2与长6三角洲平原分流河道总体上呈北东-南西方向条带状展布,分流河道之间被分流间湾沉积所分隔。
综合分析子北地区储层孔渗参数：子北地区储层属于低孔-特低渗、特低孔-超低渗型储层,并将子北地区储层划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ五类,其中把Ⅲ、Ⅳ类储层又分别划分出a和b两类,在这五大类储层中Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类是子北地区的主要储层,长2油层组以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层为主,长4+5和长6油层组以Ⅲb、Ⅳa、Ⅳb类为主。沉积微相和成岩作用是控制和影响子北地区储层发育和展布的主要因素。
通过对含油气系统的四个要素,即烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭及其组合特征的研究与评价,得知本区油气主要来自长7油层组中部的深湖相泥岩、油页岩,子北地区主要发育长6(储集层)-长4+5(盖层)及长2(储集层)-长1(盖层)两套主要的储盖组合,在长4+5及长1油层组内部局部发育有自储自盖型储盖组合。子北油区由于后期剥蚀程度强烈,长2储层保存条件较差,导致该期含油而积分布较为有限。
根据子北地区油气显示提供的证据及油源对比结果分析提供的证据,子北地区大的系统可划分为上三叠统延长组含油气系统,首次将子北地区油气系统划分为上三叠统延长组含油气系统,子系统划分为长6段子系统、长4+5段子系统、长2段子系统。通过包裹体测温、并结合盆地热史、伊利石测年等多种方法综合分析确定了研究区中生界延长组油藏成藏时期为早白垩世。子北地区的生储盖组合类型确定为：长2油藏-下生上储型,长4+5、长6油藏-下生上储型；以此总结出本区延长组油藏主要有两种成藏模式：区域构造背景下的砂岩透镜体油藏成藏模式和上倾尖灭油藏成藏模式。在此基础上首次系统的分析了子北长2、长4+5、长6油层组平而变化规律及控制因素,认为长61是主力油层,长62、长4+5次之,长63、长2分布范围较小。子北地区延长组油藏的形成和分布受沉积相、优质储层、鼻状隆起构造、区域盖层、运移通道等多重因素控制。其中有利沉积相带及优质储层是三叠系油气藏形成和富集的基本条件,鼻状隆起构造是三叠系油气富集高产的重要因素。
最终依据子北地区沉积微相、储层物性、构造、油层分布及油层分布规律总结的基础上,对该地区有利勘探区块进行了评价,认为涧浴岔以北区块、南沟岔区理448井区为今后勘探的重点地区。
Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6members of the Zibei Oil Region in Ordos Basin are taken as the srudy objects in this paer.Under the guidance of theroies of sedimentology、 petroleum geology、geochemistry and well logging gepphysices, on the basisi of abudant data from geology、drilling、logging, etc, the Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6members of the Zibei Oil Field is deeply studied in strata、structure、sediment、reservoir and characteristic of oil-pool, taking Zibei Region as a whole for the first time. Based on the integrated analysis of electical property, lithology and logging data, according to the regional key bed, on the principle of equal thickness and step control, the division and comparison of reservoir group Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6of the Zibei Region are deeply studied and the stratigraphic framework of the region is built in this paper; and then the superface structures of Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6layers are studied; under the east-weat trending monoclinal structure, influenced by the effect of differential compaction, Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6of reservoir groups developed partly nearly east-weat trending nose-shaped uplift.
Through the study of core observation, grain size&rock type analysis, sedimentary structure, sedimentary cycle, logging and testing, the sedimentary micro-facies of Zibei region is analyzed. Reservoir group of Chang2mainly displays delta plain subface deposit, and where braided river delta is developed. Reservoir groups of Chang4+5and Chang6are delta plain, lower part of reservoir group Chang4+5and reservor group Chang6mainly are characterized by delta plain distributary channel deposit. The delta plain distributary channels of Chang2and Chang6distributed generally in NorthEast-SouthWest banding, the distributary channels are separated by interdistributary bay facies.
By analyzing the porosity and permeability parameters, the formations of Zibei region are low porosity, extra-low permeability and extra-low porosity, ultra-low permeability type, and these formations are divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ classes. For classes Ⅲ and Ⅳ, they are futher divided into a and b semi-classes. The class Ⅲ and Ⅳ are the main reservoir types in Zibei Region, the class Ⅰ, Ⅱ expressed mainly on Chang2formations; the class Ⅲb, Ⅳa and Ⅳb and mainly presented in Chang4+5and Chang6. Sedimentary micro-facies and lithogenesis are the primary factors controlling and influencing the formation development and spreading of Zibei region.
On the study of petroliferous system elements (hydrocarbon source rock, reservoir rock, cap rock, and trap) and their association characteristics, oil and gas mainly originated from the deep laketone and shales. The two serts of reservoir-cap combination of Zibei region are Chang6(reservoir)-Chang4+5(cap rock) and Chang2(reservoir)-Chang1(cap rock), with self-storage, self-cover assemblage locally developed within Chang4+5and Chang1formations. Due to severe erosion, preservation condition is poor and oil distribution area is limited.
According to hydrocarbon show evidence and oil-source correlation results in Zibei Region, the system of Zibei Region can be categorized as yan-chang formation of upper-triassic system for the first time, and the semi-systems are Chang6, Chang4+5and Chang2. Through inclusion temperature measurement, basin thermal history, dating of illite and other methods, the reservoir forming period of mesozoic Yanchang formation in the study area is early cretaceous epoch The source-reservoir-cap assemblages of Zibei Region is determined:Chang2reservoir is lower generating-upper reservoir type, Chang4+5and Chang6reservoirs are upper generating-lower reservoir type,which presents the two reservoir-forming patterns of Yanchang formations, that means sandstone lens reservoir forming and updip pinch-out reservoir forming. On that basis, the planar distribution pattern and controlling factors of reservoir groups of Chang2, Chang6and Chang4+5in Zibei Region are systematically studied for the first time, Chang61reservoir are major reservoir, Chang62and Chang4+5reservoirs take second place, Chang63and Chang2reservoirs distributed narrowly. The forming and distribution of Yanchang formations in Zibei Region are controlled by multiple factors such as sedimentary facies, high-quality formations, nose-shaped uplift, regional cap, migration pathway and etc. The favorable sedimentary facies and high-quality formations are the basic conditions for the forming and accumulation of triassic reservoirs; the nose-shaped uplift structure plays akey role in enrichment and high productivity of oil and gas.
At last, on the basis of the sedimentary microfacies, formation physical properties, structures, formation distribution patterns, the favourable exploration blocks are evaluated. The block to the north of JianYuCha area and block of Well Li448of NanGouCha area are selected as major region for future exploration.
根据钻井岩芯观察、岩石类型、粒度分析、沉积构造、沉积旋回、测井及测试资料等,对子北地区沉积微相进行了分析,长2油层组主要为三角洲平原亚相沉积,发育辫状河三角洲；而长4+5、长6油层组为三角洲平原沉积,长4+5下段和长6油层组主要为三角洲平原分流河道沉积。子北地区长2与长6三角洲平原分流河道总体上呈北东-南西方向条带状展布,分流河道之间被分流间湾沉积所分隔。
综合分析子北地区储层孔渗参数：子北地区储层属于低孔-特低渗、特低孔-超低渗型储层,并将子北地区储层划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ五类,其中把Ⅲ、Ⅳ类储层又分别划分出a和b两类,在这五大类储层中Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类是子北地区的主要储层,长2油层组以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层为主,长4+5和长6油层组以Ⅲb、Ⅳa、Ⅳb类为主。沉积微相和成岩作用是控制和影响子北地区储层发育和展布的主要因素。
通过对含油气系统的四个要素,即烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭及其组合特征的研究与评价,得知本区油气主要来自长7油层组中部的深湖相泥岩、油页岩,子北地区主要发育长6(储集层)-长4+5(盖层)及长2(储集层)-长1(盖层)两套主要的储盖组合,在长4+5及长1油层组内部局部发育有自储自盖型储盖组合。子北油区由于后期剥蚀程度强烈,长2储层保存条件较差,导致该期含油而积分布较为有限。
根据子北地区油气显示提供的证据及油源对比结果分析提供的证据,子北地区大的系统可划分为上三叠统延长组含油气系统,首次将子北地区油气系统划分为上三叠统延长组含油气系统,子系统划分为长6段子系统、长4+5段子系统、长2段子系统。通过包裹体测温、并结合盆地热史、伊利石测年等多种方法综合分析确定了研究区中生界延长组油藏成藏时期为早白垩世。子北地区的生储盖组合类型确定为：长2油藏-下生上储型,长4+5、长6油藏-下生上储型；以此总结出本区延长组油藏主要有两种成藏模式：区域构造背景下的砂岩透镜体油藏成藏模式和上倾尖灭油藏成藏模式。在此基础上首次系统的分析了子北长2、长4+5、长6油层组平而变化规律及控制因素,认为长61是主力油层,长62、长4+5次之,长63、长2分布范围较小。子北地区延长组油藏的形成和分布受沉积相、优质储层、鼻状隆起构造、区域盖层、运移通道等多重因素控制。其中有利沉积相带及优质储层是三叠系油气藏形成和富集的基本条件,鼻状隆起构造是三叠系油气富集高产的重要因素。
最终依据子北地区沉积微相、储层物性、构造、油层分布及油层分布规律总结的基础上,对该地区有利勘探区块进行了评价,认为涧浴岔以北区块、南沟岔区理448井区为今后勘探的重点地区。
Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6members of the Zibei Oil Region in Ordos Basin are taken as the srudy objects in this paer.Under the guidance of theroies of sedimentology、 petroleum geology、geochemistry and well logging gepphysices, on the basisi of abudant data from geology、drilling、logging, etc, the Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6members of the Zibei Oil Field is deeply studied in strata、structure、sediment、reservoir and characteristic of oil-pool, taking Zibei Region as a whole for the first time. Based on the integrated analysis of electical property, lithology and logging data, according to the regional key bed, on the principle of equal thickness and step control, the division and comparison of reservoir group Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6of the Zibei Region are deeply studied and the stratigraphic framework of the region is built in this paper; and then the superface structures of Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6layers are studied; under the east-weat trending monoclinal structure, influenced by the effect of differential compaction, Chang2, Chang4+5and Chang6of reservoir groups developed partly nearly east-weat trending nose-shaped uplift.
Through the study of core observation, grain size&rock type analysis, sedimentary structure, sedimentary cycle, logging and testing, the sedimentary micro-facies of Zibei region is analyzed. Reservoir group of Chang2mainly displays delta plain subface deposit, and where braided river delta is developed. Reservoir groups of Chang4+5and Chang6are delta plain, lower part of reservoir group Chang4+5and reservor group Chang6mainly are characterized by delta plain distributary channel deposit. The delta plain distributary channels of Chang2and Chang6distributed generally in NorthEast-SouthWest banding, the distributary channels are separated by interdistributary bay facies.
By analyzing the porosity and permeability parameters, the formations of Zibei region are low porosity, extra-low permeability and extra-low porosity, ultra-low permeability type, and these formations are divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ classes. For classes Ⅲ and Ⅳ, they are futher divided into a and b semi-classes. The class Ⅲ and Ⅳ are the main reservoir types in Zibei Region, the class Ⅰ, Ⅱ expressed mainly on Chang2formations; the class Ⅲb, Ⅳa and Ⅳb and mainly presented in Chang4+5and Chang6. Sedimentary micro-facies and lithogenesis are the primary factors controlling and influencing the formation development and spreading of Zibei region.
On the study of petroliferous system elements (hydrocarbon source rock, reservoir rock, cap rock, and trap) and their association characteristics, oil and gas mainly originated from the deep laketone and shales. The two serts of reservoir-cap combination of Zibei region are Chang6(reservoir)-Chang4+5(cap rock) and Chang2(reservoir)-Chang1(cap rock), with self-storage, self-cover assemblage locally developed within Chang4+5and Chang1formations. Due to severe erosion, preservation condition is poor and oil distribution area is limited.
According to hydrocarbon show evidence and oil-source correlation results in Zibei Region, the system of Zibei Region can be categorized as yan-chang formation of upper-triassic system for the first time, and the semi-systems are Chang6, Chang4+5and Chang2. Through inclusion temperature measurement, basin thermal history, dating of illite and other methods, the reservoir forming period of mesozoic Yanchang formation in the study area is early cretaceous epoch The source-reservoir-cap assemblages of Zibei Region is determined:Chang2reservoir is lower generating-upper reservoir type, Chang4+5and Chang6reservoirs are upper generating-lower reservoir type,which presents the two reservoir-forming patterns of Yanchang formations, that means sandstone lens reservoir forming and updip pinch-out reservoir forming. On that basis, the planar distribution pattern and controlling factors of reservoir groups of Chang2, Chang6and Chang4+5in Zibei Region are systematically studied for the first time, Chang61reservoir are major reservoir, Chang62and Chang4+5reservoirs take second place, Chang63and Chang2reservoirs distributed narrowly. The forming and distribution of Yanchang formations in Zibei Region are controlled by multiple factors such as sedimentary facies, high-quality formations, nose-shaped uplift, regional cap, migration pathway and etc. The favorable sedimentary facies and high-quality formations are the basic conditions for the forming and accumulation of triassic reservoirs; the nose-shaped uplift structure plays akey role in enrichment and high productivity of oil and gas.
At last, on the basis of the sedimentary microfacies, formation physical properties, structures, formation distribution patterns, the favourable exploration blocks are evaluated. The block to the north of JianYuCha area and block of Well Li448of NanGouCha area are selected as major region for future exploration.
引文
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