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鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗世延安组层序—古地理与聚煤规律
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国北部重要的煤盆地,中侏罗世延安组为主要的含煤地层之一。延安组主要由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和煤层组成,可以识别出28岩相和5种岩相组合类型。在延安组中可识别出河流、三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,建立了4种典型的成煤沉积模式。通过识别关键的层序界面,包括区域不整合面、河道冲刷面等,可将延安组划分为3个三级层序,每个层序由低位『正常湖退、湖侵、高位正常湖退和强迫湖退体系域组成。煤层主要发育在各层序的湖侵和高位『正常湖退体系域的中、晚期;并建立了可容空间控制的聚煤模式。在综合分析各种单因素等值线的基础上,分体系域组合(低位正常湖退+湖侵体系域、高位正常湖退+强迫湖退体系域)恢复了相应的岩相古地理格局;富煤中心主要发育在泛滥平原沼泽、三角洲平原沼泽和滨湖平原沼泽地区。文中还分析了聚煤作用的主要控制因素,并从可容空间增加速率和泥炭堆积速率平衡的角度分析了巨厚煤层的成因机制和横向演化规律。
The Ordos Basin is an important coal basin in northern China, with the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation to be one of its major coal-bearing series. The Yan'an Formation is mainly composed of conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and coals. A total of28lithofacies and5lithofacies associations were identified in this formation. The braided fluvial, meandering fluvial, delta and lacustrine depositional systems were recognized and4kinds of typical coal-bearing models were established.The sequence stratigraphic framework is further reconstructed according to the developments of key surfaces. The sequence boundaries were mainly characterized by regional unconformity, and base of incided channel sandstones, represented by the bases of Baotanshan, Peizhuang, Zhenwudong, Zhiluo sandstones. A total of3third-order sequences were subdivided, with each of them being compoed of lowstand normal regression systems tract, lake transgressive systems tract, highstand normal regression system tracts, and forced regression systems tract. The thick coals were mainly developed in the middle and late periods of the lake transgressive systems tracts and highstand normal regression system tracts and the coal accumulation models controlled by accommodation space were established. On the basis of the contour maps of the stratal thickness, mudstone thickness, sandstone thickness percentage, mudstone thickness and the total coal thickness, the lithofacies paleogeography maps of each systems tract combination (LNR&TST, HNR&FR) have been reconstructed. The rich coal centers were mainly developed in flood plain swamp, delta plain swamp, coastal plain swamp of lake. This paper analyzed of the main controlling factors of coal accumulation, and analyzed the genesis of the super-thick coal seam from the aspective of accommodation space creation rates balanced with peat/coal accumulation rates.
引文
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