文化产业空间集聚研究
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摘要
20世纪70年代后,世界各国对文化产业的发展日益重视,纷纷采取各种措施促进本国文化产业的发展和壮大。美国、英国、法国、日本等多个国家都通过政府的计划以大力推动文化产业的发展,文化产业的迅速成长已成为发达国家和地区经济发展的普遍趋势。我国对文化产业的重视也越来越高,胡锦涛同志在党的十七大报告中曾指出,文化越来越成为民族凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉,越来越成为综合国力竞争的重要因素。目前,中国部分地区文化产业的发展速度已经超过传统产业,正逐步成为新的经济增长点。
文化产业,又被称作或引申为“文化工业”、“创意经济”、“内容产业”“版权产业”等,其内涵因国家或研究者的理解不同而存在差异。目前的研究主要集中于文化产业的经济贡献、竞争力等方面,关于产业集聚的研究大多都侧重于制造业,对文化产业集聚的研究尚少,且缺乏系统研究。其次,对我国文化产业集聚过程中政府作用的研究,主要借鉴制造业较为成熟的以产业园区为主导的政策支持做法,忽略了文化产业发展中区域发展特殊性以及政府支持的方向性不同；研究区域选择都集中在北京、上海、浙江等文化产业集聚发展较高城市,较少选择且具有文化集聚潜力且文化产业实现快速发展的城市。湖南作为我国中部城市,“电视湘军”、“出版湘军”、“演艺湘军”、“动漫湘军”的名气享誉全国,湖南文化产业已凸显出向支柱产业发展的态势,文化产业的“湖南现象”是我国文化产业发展的一个缩影,其发展具有代表性,同时也存在着带有普遍性的问题。截取并对其实践进行理论分析研究,探究文化产业空间集聚形成的因素及其发展模式,对促进湖南乃至我国整个文化产业发展具有普遍的现实意义。
全球文化产业的迅速发展,文化产业在地理空间上的集聚趋势进一步增强。为了更好地研究文化产业空间集聚的形成与发展,通过文献梳理、经验借鉴基础上,探究湖南文化产业空间集聚发展规律,以此为区域文化产业发展和城市竞争力提升提供理论支持与操作思路。全文分为四部分,第一部分是理论探讨,主要体现在论文中第一章至第六章,在产业集聚的理论和文化产业集聚的相关述评的基础上,较为系统分析影响文化产业集聚发展的因素、文化产业空间集聚形成机理和集聚模式以及文化产业空间集聚测度方法,然后通过国际比较方法,分别撷取了美国、英国、韩国等地文化产业集聚发展的典型,从文化产业发展的宏观环境、文化投资、文化人才、文化国际市场这四个方面提出我国文化产业集聚发展可借鉴的经验。第二个部分国际经验比较是论文的第七章。从国内外文化产业发展现状及其问题出发,通过借鉴国外文化产业集聚发展模式,提出适用于我国文化产业集聚发展的经验。第三个部分实证研究是论文的第八章,在第一部分的理论梳理基础上,结合湖南地区的实际情况,提炼影响湖南文化产业集聚发展因素主要包括文化消费、文化人才、文化资源、区位因素、公共文化服务、持续创新力、政府的重视与政策支持。从宏观、中观到微观角度试图分析湖南文化产业空间格局基于产业结构升级客观要求、政府的公共政策导向和文化产业发展战略实践,三者相辅相成推进了文化产业集聚的形成；同时以湖南文化产业集聚基地和园区为研究对象,归纳湖南文化产业集聚发展的推进历程和四种基本集聚模式。最后采用产业集聚指数、空间计量方法对湖南空间集聚程度进行测算,结果显示湖南省文化集聚程度不高,文化产业空间依赖作用和正的空间溢出效应较弱,湖南文化集聚过程中创新能力不足。第四部分是基本结论与对策。依据定量与定性研究结果,总结湖南文化产业空间集聚问题,并提出在政府管理与服务能力、文化消费、文化中介建设、文化人才培育、文化投融资、文化集聚机构联动性六个方面完善湖南文化产业集聚发展路径,最后从全局角度对论文研究做了进一步思考,总结了论文后续研究需要改进的地方。
In1970s, all the countries around the world attach great importance to the development of the cultural industry day by day and adopt various measures to facilitate development and prosperity of the cultural industry. Many countries around the world, like America, Britain, France and Japan, etc. exert great efforts to promote the development of cultural industry through the government's program. Accelerated development of the cultural industry has already been evolved into the universal trend of the economic development of developed countries and regions. China also lays more and more emphases on cultural industry. In17th report of the National Congress of the CPC, comrade Hu Jintao indicated that the culture has already been developed to the main source of national cohesion and creativity and the key factor of comprehensive national competition more and more. Currently, the development speed of the cultural industry in partial areas of China has already exceeded that of the traditional industries, gradually becoming the new economic growth point.
Cultural industry also called or extended to "cultural industry","creative economy","content industry" and "copyright industry", etc. With regard to its connotation, it differs according to the difference in understanding of the country or researcher. Nowadays, the study is mainly carried out with focus on economic contributions and competitiveness, etc. of the cultural industry. There are too many studies on industry cluster with emphasis on manufacturing industry while there are still few studies on cultural industry cluster and is lack of systematic studies. Secondly, the study on the role of government during China's cultural industry cluster is implemented by referring to the policy support of the mature manufacturing industry predominated by industry park. Consequently, the differences in regional development particularity of the cultural industrial development and the directivity of the governmental support are neglected; considering study area, the focus is mainly laid on cities with highly developed cultural industrial cluster, like Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang, etc. while the cities with rapid realization of potential cultural cohesion and cultural industry are seldom selected. Hunan, a city in the middle area of China, is good reputed across China by virtue of "Hunan Television Army","Hunan Publishing Army","Art Performance X-army" as well as "Xiang Army of Animation". Hunan cultural industry has already highlighted the trend of developing towards to the pill industry. The development of "Hunan Phenomenon" of cultural industry, a miniature of the cultural industrial development in China, is representative. Simultaneously, it is also confronted with the problem of universality. Intercepting and theoretically analyzing&studying its practice and exploring the factors forming the spatial cohesion of cultural industry and its development mode will be universally realistic meaningful to facilitating the development of Hunan's and even China's total cultural industry.
Global cultural industry developed rapidly, cultural industries in the geo-spatial clustering trend is growing.To better study the formation and development of spatial agglomeration of cultural industry, the development law of spatial agglomeration of Hunan cultural industry is explored based on sorting of documents and referring to the experiences to provide theoretical support and operation thought for enhancing the industrial development and urban competitiveness of regional cultural industry. This text is divided into four parts. Part Ⅰ is theoretical discussion, mainly represented by chapter Ⅰ-Ⅵ.The factors influencing the development of cultural industrial agglomeration, forming mechanism of cultural industrial spatial agglomeration, agglomeration model and cultural industrial spatial agglomeration measurement method are systematically analyzed. Then, through international comparison, the representatives of cultural industrial agglomeration development of many places including:America, Britain and Korea, etc. are extracted respectively. From perspectives such as:macro environment of the cultural industrial development, cultural investment, cultural talents and international cultural market, the experiences referable for the development of China's cultural industrial agglomeration are proposed. Part Ⅱis international comparison, chapter Ⅶ. From the present situation and problems of development of cultural industries,by foreign cultural industries cluster development model proposed for China's cultural industry cluster development experience.Part Ⅲ is empirical study, chapter Ⅷ. Based on theoretical arrangement of the Part Ⅰ and by combining the actual situation of Hunan area, the main factors influencing the development of Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration, including cultural consumption, cultural talent, cultural resource, regional factor, public cultural service, continuous innovative capacity as well as governmental emphasis and policy support are extracted. From macro, meso and micro perspectives, the efforts are made to try to analyze the objective requirements of Hunan cultural industrial spatial configuration based on industrial structure upgrading, governmental public policy orientation and cultural industrial development strategic practice, three of which complement each other. Consequently, the formation of cultural industrial agglomeration space is promoted.Simultaneously, by taking base and park of Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration as the study objects, the Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration model boosting process and four basic agglomeration models are concluded. Eventually, Hunan spatial agglomeration degree is reckoned through industrial agglomeration indicator and spatial measurement. According to the result, it indicates that the Hunan cultural agglomeration degree is not high, cultural industrial spatial dependence function and positive spatial spillover effect is weak and there is deficiency in innovative capacity during Hunan cultural agglomeration. Part Ⅳ indicates basic conclusions and suggestions. In accordance with the result of quantitative and qualitative studies, the problems about Hunan cultural industrial spatial agglomeration are summed up and the development path for improving Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration is raised from six perspectives, like governmental management and service abilities, cultural consumption, cultural intermediary construction, cultural talent training, cultural investment&financing as well as cultural agglomeration mechanism linkage. In the end, this thesis research is further considered from the overall situation and the places where improvements in the follow-up research of this thesis are summarized.
文化产业,又被称作或引申为“文化工业”、“创意经济”、“内容产业”“版权产业”等,其内涵因国家或研究者的理解不同而存在差异。目前的研究主要集中于文化产业的经济贡献、竞争力等方面,关于产业集聚的研究大多都侧重于制造业,对文化产业集聚的研究尚少,且缺乏系统研究。其次,对我国文化产业集聚过程中政府作用的研究,主要借鉴制造业较为成熟的以产业园区为主导的政策支持做法,忽略了文化产业发展中区域发展特殊性以及政府支持的方向性不同；研究区域选择都集中在北京、上海、浙江等文化产业集聚发展较高城市,较少选择且具有文化集聚潜力且文化产业实现快速发展的城市。湖南作为我国中部城市,“电视湘军”、“出版湘军”、“演艺湘军”、“动漫湘军”的名气享誉全国,湖南文化产业已凸显出向支柱产业发展的态势,文化产业的“湖南现象”是我国文化产业发展的一个缩影,其发展具有代表性,同时也存在着带有普遍性的问题。截取并对其实践进行理论分析研究,探究文化产业空间集聚形成的因素及其发展模式,对促进湖南乃至我国整个文化产业发展具有普遍的现实意义。
全球文化产业的迅速发展,文化产业在地理空间上的集聚趋势进一步增强。为了更好地研究文化产业空间集聚的形成与发展,通过文献梳理、经验借鉴基础上,探究湖南文化产业空间集聚发展规律,以此为区域文化产业发展和城市竞争力提升提供理论支持与操作思路。全文分为四部分,第一部分是理论探讨,主要体现在论文中第一章至第六章,在产业集聚的理论和文化产业集聚的相关述评的基础上,较为系统分析影响文化产业集聚发展的因素、文化产业空间集聚形成机理和集聚模式以及文化产业空间集聚测度方法,然后通过国际比较方法,分别撷取了美国、英国、韩国等地文化产业集聚发展的典型,从文化产业发展的宏观环境、文化投资、文化人才、文化国际市场这四个方面提出我国文化产业集聚发展可借鉴的经验。第二个部分国际经验比较是论文的第七章。从国内外文化产业发展现状及其问题出发,通过借鉴国外文化产业集聚发展模式,提出适用于我国文化产业集聚发展的经验。第三个部分实证研究是论文的第八章,在第一部分的理论梳理基础上,结合湖南地区的实际情况,提炼影响湖南文化产业集聚发展因素主要包括文化消费、文化人才、文化资源、区位因素、公共文化服务、持续创新力、政府的重视与政策支持。从宏观、中观到微观角度试图分析湖南文化产业空间格局基于产业结构升级客观要求、政府的公共政策导向和文化产业发展战略实践,三者相辅相成推进了文化产业集聚的形成；同时以湖南文化产业集聚基地和园区为研究对象,归纳湖南文化产业集聚发展的推进历程和四种基本集聚模式。最后采用产业集聚指数、空间计量方法对湖南空间集聚程度进行测算,结果显示湖南省文化集聚程度不高,文化产业空间依赖作用和正的空间溢出效应较弱,湖南文化集聚过程中创新能力不足。第四部分是基本结论与对策。依据定量与定性研究结果,总结湖南文化产业空间集聚问题,并提出在政府管理与服务能力、文化消费、文化中介建设、文化人才培育、文化投融资、文化集聚机构联动性六个方面完善湖南文化产业集聚发展路径,最后从全局角度对论文研究做了进一步思考,总结了论文后续研究需要改进的地方。
In1970s, all the countries around the world attach great importance to the development of the cultural industry day by day and adopt various measures to facilitate development and prosperity of the cultural industry. Many countries around the world, like America, Britain, France and Japan, etc. exert great efforts to promote the development of cultural industry through the government's program. Accelerated development of the cultural industry has already been evolved into the universal trend of the economic development of developed countries and regions. China also lays more and more emphases on cultural industry. In17th report of the National Congress of the CPC, comrade Hu Jintao indicated that the culture has already been developed to the main source of national cohesion and creativity and the key factor of comprehensive national competition more and more. Currently, the development speed of the cultural industry in partial areas of China has already exceeded that of the traditional industries, gradually becoming the new economic growth point.
Cultural industry also called or extended to "cultural industry","creative economy","content industry" and "copyright industry", etc. With regard to its connotation, it differs according to the difference in understanding of the country or researcher. Nowadays, the study is mainly carried out with focus on economic contributions and competitiveness, etc. of the cultural industry. There are too many studies on industry cluster with emphasis on manufacturing industry while there are still few studies on cultural industry cluster and is lack of systematic studies. Secondly, the study on the role of government during China's cultural industry cluster is implemented by referring to the policy support of the mature manufacturing industry predominated by industry park. Consequently, the differences in regional development particularity of the cultural industrial development and the directivity of the governmental support are neglected; considering study area, the focus is mainly laid on cities with highly developed cultural industrial cluster, like Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang, etc. while the cities with rapid realization of potential cultural cohesion and cultural industry are seldom selected. Hunan, a city in the middle area of China, is good reputed across China by virtue of "Hunan Television Army","Hunan Publishing Army","Art Performance X-army" as well as "Xiang Army of Animation". Hunan cultural industry has already highlighted the trend of developing towards to the pill industry. The development of "Hunan Phenomenon" of cultural industry, a miniature of the cultural industrial development in China, is representative. Simultaneously, it is also confronted with the problem of universality. Intercepting and theoretically analyzing&studying its practice and exploring the factors forming the spatial cohesion of cultural industry and its development mode will be universally realistic meaningful to facilitating the development of Hunan's and even China's total cultural industry.
Global cultural industry developed rapidly, cultural industries in the geo-spatial clustering trend is growing.To better study the formation and development of spatial agglomeration of cultural industry, the development law of spatial agglomeration of Hunan cultural industry is explored based on sorting of documents and referring to the experiences to provide theoretical support and operation thought for enhancing the industrial development and urban competitiveness of regional cultural industry. This text is divided into four parts. Part Ⅰ is theoretical discussion, mainly represented by chapter Ⅰ-Ⅵ.The factors influencing the development of cultural industrial agglomeration, forming mechanism of cultural industrial spatial agglomeration, agglomeration model and cultural industrial spatial agglomeration measurement method are systematically analyzed. Then, through international comparison, the representatives of cultural industrial agglomeration development of many places including:America, Britain and Korea, etc. are extracted respectively. From perspectives such as:macro environment of the cultural industrial development, cultural investment, cultural talents and international cultural market, the experiences referable for the development of China's cultural industrial agglomeration are proposed. Part Ⅱis international comparison, chapter Ⅶ. From the present situation and problems of development of cultural industries,by foreign cultural industries cluster development model proposed for China's cultural industry cluster development experience.Part Ⅲ is empirical study, chapter Ⅷ. Based on theoretical arrangement of the Part Ⅰ and by combining the actual situation of Hunan area, the main factors influencing the development of Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration, including cultural consumption, cultural talent, cultural resource, regional factor, public cultural service, continuous innovative capacity as well as governmental emphasis and policy support are extracted. From macro, meso and micro perspectives, the efforts are made to try to analyze the objective requirements of Hunan cultural industrial spatial configuration based on industrial structure upgrading, governmental public policy orientation and cultural industrial development strategic practice, three of which complement each other. Consequently, the formation of cultural industrial agglomeration space is promoted.Simultaneously, by taking base and park of Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration as the study objects, the Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration model boosting process and four basic agglomeration models are concluded. Eventually, Hunan spatial agglomeration degree is reckoned through industrial agglomeration indicator and spatial measurement. According to the result, it indicates that the Hunan cultural agglomeration degree is not high, cultural industrial spatial dependence function and positive spatial spillover effect is weak and there is deficiency in innovative capacity during Hunan cultural agglomeration. Part Ⅳ indicates basic conclusions and suggestions. In accordance with the result of quantitative and qualitative studies, the problems about Hunan cultural industrial spatial agglomeration are summed up and the development path for improving Hunan cultural industrial agglomeration is raised from six perspectives, like governmental management and service abilities, cultural consumption, cultural intermediary construction, cultural talent training, cultural investment&financing as well as cultural agglomeration mechanism linkage. In the end, this thesis research is further considered from the overall situation and the places where improvements in the follow-up research of this thesis are summarized.
引文
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