高强度海洋平台用钢的强韧化机理研究及产品开发
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摘要
随着石油工业的不断发展,海底油气开发从浅海大陆架延伸到千米水深的海区,仅具有较高的强度已经不能满足生产使用的需要,在降低成本的基础上,保证钢板的高强高韧性以及抗层状撕裂性能是未来海洋平台用钢的发展方向。本文在863计划项目“海洋石油平台用高强度、厚规格钢板生产的关键技术及原理”支持下,以东北大学与首钢组成联合研发中心开发厚规格海洋平台用钢科研项目为背景,进行了低成本TMCP工艺生产海洋平台用钢热加工过程的组织演变机理研究和产品开发,研究结果用于指导现场工业试轧。论文主要工作如下：
(1)以C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti钢、Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢四种实验钢为研究对象,研究了变形温度、变形量及应变速率对实验钢再结晶行为及组织演变的影响规律。结果表明,高变形温度和低应变速率有利于发生奥氏体动态再结晶,通过回归确定了动态再结晶激活能和变形抗力模型。根据双道次压缩实验确定了等温时间内静态再结晶行为,微合金钢的形变诱导析出使再结晶曲线上出现平台,并确定了静态再结晶激活能,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。
(2)对C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti钢、Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢四种实验钢的连续冷却相变行为进行了研究,并绘制了连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,在相同冷却速度和变形条件下,由于Nb的晶界偏聚作用抑制了铁素体相变,Nb-Ti钢的多边形铁素体量低于C-Mn钢；当冷却速度小于5℃/s时,C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti和Nb-V-Ti钢奥氏体变形促进了多边形铁素体相变,抑制了针状铁素体相变；而高Nb钢奥氏体变形抑制了晶界形核的贝氏体相变,促进了晶内形核的粒状贝氏体相变。当冷却速度较高时,四种钢的奥氏体变形均抑制了上贝氏体相变,而促进了针状铁素体相变。
(3)对Nb-Ti钢,Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢三种实验钢在控轧控冷中微合金元素的析出行为进行了研究,分析了轧后冷却路径和回火工艺对析出物的影响规律。实验结果表明,加热时存在大量未溶析出物；粗轧前的析出物与加热状态差异不大；粗轧待温后出现少量细小的球状粒子,抑制了精轧阶段再结晶的发生；而层流冷却后存在大量细小粒子,有利于析出强化。轧后两段式冷却和回火工艺有利于细化析出相尺寸和增加析出相数量。
(4)对E36-Z35和E40-Z35钢进行了实验室热轧实验,确定了低成本海洋平台用钢的化学成分和控轧控冷工艺参数,并在首秦现场条件下进行了工业轧制实验。结果表明,开发的低成本海洋平台用钢E36-Z35和E40-Z35具有良好的低温韧性、焊接性能、抗层状撕裂性能,各项指标均满足船级社认证要求。
(5)分析了Ni含量和冷却路径对高强度海洋平台用钢组织性能的影响规律,并在现场进行了F460-Z35的工业试轧。结果表明,随着Ni含量增加以及冷却方式由空冷向层流冷却、超快冷方式转变,析出方式由相间析出变向位错析出和均匀析出过渡；Ni含量对低温韧性的影响规律与冷却方式有关。细小的M/A岛有利于改善低温韧性；试制钢板具有良好的强韧性和抗层状撕裂性能。
With the development of oil industry, submarine oil exploitation, which originally located at shallow-sea shelf, has extended to the deep ocean. Requirements, not only high strength, but also high toughness, lamellar tearing resistant property and low costs, have been proposed for offshore platform steels. In present paper, microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior of low-cost offshore platform plate produced with TMCP technology were investigated. Industrial trials were conducted and results showed that each index of mechanical properties has satisfied the requirements. The whole research work was supported by the project "Development of offshore platform plate", and state863project "Key technology and theory of the production of high strength, thick offshore platform plate". Chief original work is as follows:
(1)Effects of deformation temperature, strain and strain rate on austenite dynamic recrystalization behavior and microstructure evolution were investigated. Result showed that low strain rate and high deformation temperature were advantageous for austenite dynamic recrystalization. Activation energy of dynamic recrystalization and mathematical model for deformation resistance were obtained. The static recrystalization behavior for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel, Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel was studied by double-hit test. Flatform appeared on the recrystalization curve of microalloyed steel due to the induced precipitate. Activation energy of static recrystalization was determined and the static recrystalization kinetic model was established.
(2)Thermal expansion method was employed to determine the CCT curves and transformation behavior with continuous cooling for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel, Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel. Results showed that the ferrite transformation has been suppressed by grain boundary segregation of Nb, polygonal ferrite fraction of Nb-Ti steel was lower than that of C-Mn steel under the same cooling rate and deformation condition. When cooling rate was below5℃/s, polygonal ferrite transformation was promoted and acicular ferrite was suppressed by austenite deformation for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel and Nb-V-Ti steel. However, granular bainite transformation nucleated inside the grain was promoted and bainite transformation nucleated on grain boundary was suppressed for high Nb steel. When the high cooling rate was applied, upper bainite transformation was suppressed and acicular ferrite was promoted.
(3)The precipitation behavior in different stages of TMCP was studied. The effects of cooling route and temper process on precipitation for C-Mn steel、 Nb-Ti steel、 Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel was revealed. It was found that the undissolved cuboid precipitates after reheating process remained unchanged during rolling process. The strain-induced precipitates obtained a few seconds after rough rolling were found to be spherical shaped and austenite recrystalization during finish rolling was suppressed. Large quantity of precipitates appeared after laminar cooling, which was favorable for precipitation strengthening. Compared with the slow cooling mode, the precipitates obtained by two-step cooling mode in which first fast and then slow cooling rate were applied increased, sparsely distributed and of advantage for precipitation strengthening.
(4) Chemical composition and TMCP processing parameters of low-cost offshore platform plate E36-Z35and E40-Z35were determined by laboratory hot rolling experiments. Industrial trials were conducted in Shou Qin field. Measured mechanical properties showed that favorable low temperature toughness, jointing property and lamellar tearing resistant property have been obtained for offshore platform plate. And it has been admitted by nine countries ship classification society.
(5) Effects of Ni content and cooling mode on the microstructure and mechanical property were studied by laboratory hot rolling experiments. Industrial trials of offshore platform F460-Z35were conducted. Results showed that with the increase of Ni content and the transition of cooling mode from laminar cooling to ultra fast cooling, precipitation behavior has been transferred from interphase precipitation to dislocation precipitation and uniform precipitation and the strength has been increased.The effect of Ni content on low temperature toughness was related to cooling mode. Fine M/A was favorable for low temperature toughness. Offshore platform plate had excellent toughness and anti-lamellar tearing property.
(1)以C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti钢、Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢四种实验钢为研究对象,研究了变形温度、变形量及应变速率对实验钢再结晶行为及组织演变的影响规律。结果表明,高变形温度和低应变速率有利于发生奥氏体动态再结晶,通过回归确定了动态再结晶激活能和变形抗力模型。根据双道次压缩实验确定了等温时间内静态再结晶行为,微合金钢的形变诱导析出使再结晶曲线上出现平台,并确定了静态再结晶激活能,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。
(2)对C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti钢、Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢四种实验钢的连续冷却相变行为进行了研究,并绘制了连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,在相同冷却速度和变形条件下,由于Nb的晶界偏聚作用抑制了铁素体相变,Nb-Ti钢的多边形铁素体量低于C-Mn钢；当冷却速度小于5℃/s时,C-Mn钢、Nb-Ti和Nb-V-Ti钢奥氏体变形促进了多边形铁素体相变,抑制了针状铁素体相变；而高Nb钢奥氏体变形抑制了晶界形核的贝氏体相变,促进了晶内形核的粒状贝氏体相变。当冷却速度较高时,四种钢的奥氏体变形均抑制了上贝氏体相变,而促进了针状铁素体相变。
(3)对Nb-Ti钢,Nb-V-Ti钢和高Nb钢三种实验钢在控轧控冷中微合金元素的析出行为进行了研究,分析了轧后冷却路径和回火工艺对析出物的影响规律。实验结果表明,加热时存在大量未溶析出物；粗轧前的析出物与加热状态差异不大；粗轧待温后出现少量细小的球状粒子,抑制了精轧阶段再结晶的发生；而层流冷却后存在大量细小粒子,有利于析出强化。轧后两段式冷却和回火工艺有利于细化析出相尺寸和增加析出相数量。
(4)对E36-Z35和E40-Z35钢进行了实验室热轧实验,确定了低成本海洋平台用钢的化学成分和控轧控冷工艺参数,并在首秦现场条件下进行了工业轧制实验。结果表明,开发的低成本海洋平台用钢E36-Z35和E40-Z35具有良好的低温韧性、焊接性能、抗层状撕裂性能,各项指标均满足船级社认证要求。
(5)分析了Ni含量和冷却路径对高强度海洋平台用钢组织性能的影响规律,并在现场进行了F460-Z35的工业试轧。结果表明,随着Ni含量增加以及冷却方式由空冷向层流冷却、超快冷方式转变,析出方式由相间析出变向位错析出和均匀析出过渡；Ni含量对低温韧性的影响规律与冷却方式有关。细小的M/A岛有利于改善低温韧性；试制钢板具有良好的强韧性和抗层状撕裂性能。
With the development of oil industry, submarine oil exploitation, which originally located at shallow-sea shelf, has extended to the deep ocean. Requirements, not only high strength, but also high toughness, lamellar tearing resistant property and low costs, have been proposed for offshore platform steels. In present paper, microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior of low-cost offshore platform plate produced with TMCP technology were investigated. Industrial trials were conducted and results showed that each index of mechanical properties has satisfied the requirements. The whole research work was supported by the project "Development of offshore platform plate", and state863project "Key technology and theory of the production of high strength, thick offshore platform plate". Chief original work is as follows:
(1)Effects of deformation temperature, strain and strain rate on austenite dynamic recrystalization behavior and microstructure evolution were investigated. Result showed that low strain rate and high deformation temperature were advantageous for austenite dynamic recrystalization. Activation energy of dynamic recrystalization and mathematical model for deformation resistance were obtained. The static recrystalization behavior for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel, Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel was studied by double-hit test. Flatform appeared on the recrystalization curve of microalloyed steel due to the induced precipitate. Activation energy of static recrystalization was determined and the static recrystalization kinetic model was established.
(2)Thermal expansion method was employed to determine the CCT curves and transformation behavior with continuous cooling for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel, Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel. Results showed that the ferrite transformation has been suppressed by grain boundary segregation of Nb, polygonal ferrite fraction of Nb-Ti steel was lower than that of C-Mn steel under the same cooling rate and deformation condition. When cooling rate was below5℃/s, polygonal ferrite transformation was promoted and acicular ferrite was suppressed by austenite deformation for C-Mn steel, Nb-Ti steel and Nb-V-Ti steel. However, granular bainite transformation nucleated inside the grain was promoted and bainite transformation nucleated on grain boundary was suppressed for high Nb steel. When the high cooling rate was applied, upper bainite transformation was suppressed and acicular ferrite was promoted.
(3)The precipitation behavior in different stages of TMCP was studied. The effects of cooling route and temper process on precipitation for C-Mn steel、 Nb-Ti steel、 Nb-V-Ti steel and high Nb steel was revealed. It was found that the undissolved cuboid precipitates after reheating process remained unchanged during rolling process. The strain-induced precipitates obtained a few seconds after rough rolling were found to be spherical shaped and austenite recrystalization during finish rolling was suppressed. Large quantity of precipitates appeared after laminar cooling, which was favorable for precipitation strengthening. Compared with the slow cooling mode, the precipitates obtained by two-step cooling mode in which first fast and then slow cooling rate were applied increased, sparsely distributed and of advantage for precipitation strengthening.
(4) Chemical composition and TMCP processing parameters of low-cost offshore platform plate E36-Z35and E40-Z35were determined by laboratory hot rolling experiments. Industrial trials were conducted in Shou Qin field. Measured mechanical properties showed that favorable low temperature toughness, jointing property and lamellar tearing resistant property have been obtained for offshore platform plate. And it has been admitted by nine countries ship classification society.
(5) Effects of Ni content and cooling mode on the microstructure and mechanical property were studied by laboratory hot rolling experiments. Industrial trials of offshore platform F460-Z35were conducted. Results showed that with the increase of Ni content and the transition of cooling mode from laminar cooling to ultra fast cooling, precipitation behavior has been transferred from interphase precipitation to dislocation precipitation and uniform precipitation and the strength has been increased.The effect of Ni content on low temperature toughness was related to cooling mode. Fine M/A was favorable for low temperature toughness. Offshore platform plate had excellent toughness and anti-lamellar tearing property.
引文
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