H_2和He的电子碰撞电离研究
摘要
电子碰撞电离作为原子分子物理研究的基本物理过程,通过实验条件的选择,可以获得结构学和动力学两方面不同的物理信息。本论文主要包含了在这两方面开展的电子碰撞谱学研究的一些成果,包括氢分子的振动分辨电子动量谱学研究以及氦的双激发自电离动力学的敲出电子谱学和(e,2e)符合谱学实验研究。论文分为以下六章：
第一章介绍了本论文工作所涉及的电子碰撞电离研究的一些基本知识,包括电子动量谱学的的理论基础和发展,He自电离动力学电子碰撞谱学研究采用的两种参数化峰型以及不同实验方法(电子能量损失谱,敲出电子谱和(e,2e)符合谱)的研究进展。
第二章介绍了开展论文工作所使用的(e,2e)实验装置以及相关的实验方法。
第三章介绍了自行编写的基于Monte Carlo算法的非线性拟合程序MCFP,借助该程序对低分辨电子动量谱实验数据的解谱处理澄清了CF2Br2分子外价轨道排序的争议。
第四章中开展了振动分辨电子动量谱学实验的初步研究。首次在实验上直接获得了氢分子1scσg电离的振动分辨电子动量分布,并与理论计算得到的相应电子动量分布进行了对比。最后通过商谱的比较,在实验上区分出不同振动态对电子动量分布的影响。
第五章中,在250eV-2000eV入射能以及26°-116°敲出电子角条件范围内测量了He的包括(2s2)1S,(2p2)1D和(2s2p)1P自电离共振态的一系列敲出电子谱。并通过非线性拟合得到了相应条件下的直接电离截面和各个态的Shore峰型参数的角分布,观察到了直接电离和共振电离振幅之间干涉导致的角分布曲线的震荡,并且250eV时的结果与McDonald and Crowe (200eV)[J. Phys. B25,2129(1992)；25,4313(1992)]和Sise等人(250eV)[Phys. Rev. A84,022705(2011)]所得结果存在明显差别。另外还尝试开展了以上自电离态的(e,2e)实验,并得到了初步的结果。
第六章对整个博士论文的工作进行了总结,并在此基础上展望了未来要开展的进一步研究工作。
The electron impact ionization is one of the most fundamental physical processes in atomic and molecular physics. The information of either structures of the target or dynamics of the process can be extracted at different specific experimental conditions. In present thesis, electron impact ionization studies aimed to the knowledge on both above two respects have been dissertated in detail, which includes the vibrationally resolved electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) study on hydrogen molecule (H2), and the ejected electron spectroscopy (EES) and the (e,2e) spectroscopy studies on the double excitation-autoionization dynamics of Helium. Six chapters are included as following:
Chapter1introduces some basic knowledge about electron impact ionization studies. First, a brief theoretical background and technical progress of EMS are presented. Second, two types of parameterizations describing the He autoionizing profiles in electron impact spectra are introduced and discussed. Finally, the history and progress of different studies about He autoionization, employing electron energy loss spectroscopy, ejected electron spectroscopy and (e,2e) spectroscopy respectively, is summarized in detail.
Chapter2provides a overview of the (e,2e) apparatus used in all experimental works of this thesis and the related experimental methods.
A home-developed nonlinear fitting program based on Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced in Chapter3. The advantage of the program is illustrated with a example-the clarification of the ordering of outer valence orbitals of CF2Br2in peak fitting of low-resolution EMS experiment employing the program.
A preliminary study of the vibrationally resolved EMS is reported in Chapter4. The vibrationally resolved electron momentum profiles of1sσg orbitals of H2have been obtained for the first time in experiment. The corresponding theoretical momentum profiles are also calculated for comparison. Furthermore, the contributions of different vibrational states to the electron momentum profiles of lsσg orbitals of H2are resolved in experiment by comparing of ratio of the profiles corresponding to different vibrational states of ion.
In Chapter5, the autoionizing resonances (2s2)1S,(2p2)1D and (2s2p)1P of helium are investigated by ejected electron spectroscopy at incident energies of250-2000eV and ejected angles of26°～116°. Shore-Balashov parametrization is used to analyze the resonance profiles and a series of angular variations of direct ionization cross section and Shore parameters are obtained. Besides distinct oscillations of both obtained parameters with angles for all three resonances, the discrepancies between present results at250eV and that of McDonald and Crowe (200eV)[J. Phys. B25,2129(1992);25,4313(1992)] and Sise et al (250eV)[Phys. Rev. A84,022705(2011)], especially for1D and1P states, are also observed. In addition, the preliminary (e,2e) experimental study on the same resonances is also reported.
Finally, the summarizations and the prospects are given in Chapter6.
第一章介绍了本论文工作所涉及的电子碰撞电离研究的一些基本知识,包括电子动量谱学的的理论基础和发展,He自电离动力学电子碰撞谱学研究采用的两种参数化峰型以及不同实验方法(电子能量损失谱,敲出电子谱和(e,2e)符合谱)的研究进展。
第二章介绍了开展论文工作所使用的(e,2e)实验装置以及相关的实验方法。
第三章介绍了自行编写的基于Monte Carlo算法的非线性拟合程序MCFP,借助该程序对低分辨电子动量谱实验数据的解谱处理澄清了CF2Br2分子外价轨道排序的争议。
第四章中开展了振动分辨电子动量谱学实验的初步研究。首次在实验上直接获得了氢分子1scσg电离的振动分辨电子动量分布,并与理论计算得到的相应电子动量分布进行了对比。最后通过商谱的比较,在实验上区分出不同振动态对电子动量分布的影响。
第五章中,在250eV-2000eV入射能以及26°-116°敲出电子角条件范围内测量了He的包括(2s2)1S,(2p2)1D和(2s2p)1P自电离共振态的一系列敲出电子谱。并通过非线性拟合得到了相应条件下的直接电离截面和各个态的Shore峰型参数的角分布,观察到了直接电离和共振电离振幅之间干涉导致的角分布曲线的震荡,并且250eV时的结果与McDonald and Crowe (200eV)[J. Phys. B25,2129(1992)；25,4313(1992)]和Sise等人(250eV)[Phys. Rev. A84,022705(2011)]所得结果存在明显差别。另外还尝试开展了以上自电离态的(e,2e)实验,并得到了初步的结果。
第六章对整个博士论文的工作进行了总结,并在此基础上展望了未来要开展的进一步研究工作。
The electron impact ionization is one of the most fundamental physical processes in atomic and molecular physics. The information of either structures of the target or dynamics of the process can be extracted at different specific experimental conditions. In present thesis, electron impact ionization studies aimed to the knowledge on both above two respects have been dissertated in detail, which includes the vibrationally resolved electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) study on hydrogen molecule (H2), and the ejected electron spectroscopy (EES) and the (e,2e) spectroscopy studies on the double excitation-autoionization dynamics of Helium. Six chapters are included as following:
Chapter1introduces some basic knowledge about electron impact ionization studies. First, a brief theoretical background and technical progress of EMS are presented. Second, two types of parameterizations describing the He autoionizing profiles in electron impact spectra are introduced and discussed. Finally, the history and progress of different studies about He autoionization, employing electron energy loss spectroscopy, ejected electron spectroscopy and (e,2e) spectroscopy respectively, is summarized in detail.
Chapter2provides a overview of the (e,2e) apparatus used in all experimental works of this thesis and the related experimental methods.
A home-developed nonlinear fitting program based on Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced in Chapter3. The advantage of the program is illustrated with a example-the clarification of the ordering of outer valence orbitals of CF2Br2in peak fitting of low-resolution EMS experiment employing the program.
A preliminary study of the vibrationally resolved EMS is reported in Chapter4. The vibrationally resolved electron momentum profiles of1sσg orbitals of H2have been obtained for the first time in experiment. The corresponding theoretical momentum profiles are also calculated for comparison. Furthermore, the contributions of different vibrational states to the electron momentum profiles of lsσg orbitals of H2are resolved in experiment by comparing of ratio of the profiles corresponding to different vibrational states of ion.
In Chapter5, the autoionizing resonances (2s2)1S,(2p2)1D and (2s2p)1P of helium are investigated by ejected electron spectroscopy at incident energies of250-2000eV and ejected angles of26°～116°. Shore-Balashov parametrization is used to analyze the resonance profiles and a series of angular variations of direct ionization cross section and Shore parameters are obtained. Besides distinct oscillations of both obtained parameters with angles for all three resonances, the discrepancies between present results at250eV and that of McDonald and Crowe (200eV)[J. Phys. B25,2129(1992);25,4313(1992)] and Sise et al (250eV)[Phys. Rev. A84,022705(2011)], especially for1D and1P states, are also observed. In addition, the preliminary (e,2e) experimental study on the same resonances is also reported.
Finally, the summarizations and the prospects are given in Chapter6.
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