竞优特征的群识别方法及其应用
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摘要
总结人类的发展历程不难发现：当人们积极探索并利用事物演变规律时,社会就会发展,人类就会进步。因而,竞优思想主张人们应竞相探索和利用事物的演变规律,在其社会及组织中展示自己的优良。按照竞优思想,决策者应从最大程度地认可行为主体价值的角度来识别其竞优特征,以此来促进行为主体踊跃开展竞优活动。
目前识别行为特征主要采用定性分析法,该类方法得到的结论常常因人而异,不易统一,难以达成共识。从广义来说,很多评价方法都附带有识别行为特征的功能,但是,由于评价方法的出发点不是行为特征识别,所以得到的识别结果可能不够细致、具体,难以达到分析特征的目标。而专门针对行为特征识别的定量方法较少,常见的有统计分析法,但该类方法得到的结果缺少对特征产生过程及影响程度的分析和刻画,导致遗失了大量有用的信息；并且,由于事物的复杂性,常常采用多指标、多层次的评价体系来描述事物,而对于这类问题,通过现有的统计方法来获得行为特征将面临较大的困难。
为此,本文以竞优特征为切入点,以定量的行为特征群识别方法为中心,开展以下主要研究工作：
(1)从理论层面,构建竞优特征群识别方法的研究框架
依据竞优思想,综合运用相关理论和方法,确定研究的主题及其意义,明晰实现竞优特征群识别存在的困难,确定解决问题的途径。即构建一个系统的研究框架——该框架对研究的主要内容、所需的理论基础、分析方法和相关技术做出较为全面的提炼和总结。
(2)构建竞优特征的群识别方法
分别针对单层及多层结构描述的评价指标体系,构建了整个分析过程遵循竞优思想的行为主体竞优特征的群识别方法,在群体意见的基础上,从每一位观察者的评价意见出发,基于竞优特征识别模型挖掘被评价对象的竞优特征,然后通过聚类分析归纳和提炼观察者群体意见反映的行为主体竞优特征,基于此构建竞优水平的评价模型,以及设计竞优特征群识别方法的实施流程。
(3)构建基于竞优特征的人员分类方法
受竞优特征群识别方法的启发,提出两种基于竞优特征群识别方法的人员分类方法,即基于竞优特征群识别方法的人员分类方法和基于标准试卷的人员竞优分类方法。待分类群体中每一位个体都对应着一个观察者群体评价意见集合,把所有待分类个体对应的观察者群体意见聚集到一个集合中,按照竞优特征群识别方法,得到所有意见反映的竞优特征,对此聚类,分析的结果即为人员分类结果。如果转换思维,可以在竞优特征群识别方法的基础上拓展出另一种分类方法：如果被识别对象,即行为主体是已经具有已知标准特征的事物,如一套具有标准答案的试题,而将待分类群体作为该套试题的被试群体,则利用竞优特征群识别方法,可以将被试群体按照识别出来的竞优特征进行分类。
(4)构建基于竞优特征匹配的岗位选择方法
科学有效地进行岗位选择是职业生涯成功的关键,从人员竞优特征出发,通过专家意见等途径确定该人员可能从事的岗位域,明确岗位域中的每一类岗位的胜任指标,通过群体意见了解每一类岗位基于胜任指标体系的竞优特征,测算人员竞优特征与各类岗位竞优特征的匹配度,以匹配度大小为标准,识别最适合该人员的岗位,为其岗位选择提供依据。以大学生岗位抉择为例,说明方法的意义及价值。
(5)应用研究
以问卷调研为依托,将竞优特征群识别方法应用于国有大型企业分公司总经理胜任力及绩效行为的竞优特征识别及竞优水平评价,有色冶金设计院技术人员胜任力的竞优特征识别方面,分别按照分析的结果,提出了管理对策建议,验证了本方法解决实际问题的功能与意义。
Summarizing the human evolution progress, it is not difficult to find that society develop and make progress as people actively exploring and acting in accordance with evolution rules. The thought of match better conforming to the objective rules claims that people should explore and utilize objective rules actively and perform excellently based on the cognition of the rules. According to the thought of match better conforming to the rules, the decision maker should identify behaviour subjects' value to the greatest extent, which can promote behaviour subjects to participate in the activity of match better conforming to the rules enthusiastically.
Nowadays, the main methods for identifying behaviour features are qualitative analysis; the conclusions are always varying from person to person, which are difficult to reach a consensus. In a broad sense, many evaluation methods have side effects of identifying behaviour subjects' features. But the main purpose of evaluations are not identifying behaviour features, so the evaluation results may be not in great detail and specific, which makes it can hardly reach the analysis goal. The quantitative approach for identifying behaviour features are rarely. The statistical method can identify features, but they can not show the process of generating results, and it may lose lots of useful information. Further more, since the complexity of the objects, the objects are usually described by multi-layered and multicriteria indicators, the statistical methods can not solve the above kinds of problems.
For this purpose, from the perspective of match better conforming to the rules, the theory and applications of quantitative identification methods for behaviour features are studied including the following main areas:
(1) In theory, the analytic framework of group identification method for match better conforming to the rules is given.
The concept of behaviour and features of match better conforming to the objective rules are put forward, the meaning and difficulty of identifying features of match better conforming to the rule are described, the existing theories and methods are also gained enlightenment from, the way to identify features of match better conforming to the rules is described, the analytic framework of group identification methods for match better conforming to the rules is put forward.
(2) The methods for features of match better conforming to the rules based on group identification are constructed.
According to the single and hierarchical structure evaluation indicator system, the group identification model of features and level of match better confirming to the objective rules are built up. The whole analysis process is following the thought of match better conforming to the objective rules. Based on the opinions of observer group, from the view of most beneficial to behavioural subjects according to the opinions of each observer, features and level of match better confirming to the natural rules can be analyzed based on group opinions. The procedures of applying the methods are also designed.
(3) Personnel classification methods based on features of match better conforming to the rules.
Inspired by the group identification methods for features of match better conforming to the rules, two kinds of classification methods are put forward. One method is aiming at each individual of the group being classified, according to the identification method for features of match better conforming to the rules, the opinions of each individual are obtained, doing the cluster analysis of all the opinions of match better congforming to the rules, the classification results are obtained. The other method is through transforming thinking, the classification logic is:if recognized object with standard features, such as a standardized questionnaire, and behavior objects are tested, the testing results can be seen as the indicator values, based on all indicator values of all the behavior objects, through the the group identification method, the group can be classified by features of match better conforming to the rules by cluster analysis.
(4) Job choosing decision making method based on match better conforming to the rules
Scientific job position is one of the key factors for a successful career. From the starting point of match better conforming to the rule features of the personnel, relying on the experts' opinions, one can kown the job domain which one can work on, by the same way, each job' s features of match better conforming to the rules can be obtained. Caluation the match degree between the person' s features of match better conforming to the rules and each job's features of match better conforming to the rules one by one, the bigger the degree the better, which can give the support for career decision making. Taking the undergraduate as an example, the meaning and value of the method are illustrated.
(5) Application study
With questionnaires as the based, applying the group identification methods, the features and level of match better confirming to the objective rules of branch companies' general managers in state-owned enterprises from the perspective of competency and performance index systems are analysized, and then the features and level of match better confirming to the natural rules of the identification and evaluation of features match better conforming to the rules of technical staff in designing institute are caluated, based on the results some relavant countermeasures are put forward, with the hope of providing supportive information for the relevant authority. The feasibility and effectiveness of the methods are demonstrated.
目前识别行为特征主要采用定性分析法,该类方法得到的结论常常因人而异,不易统一,难以达成共识。从广义来说,很多评价方法都附带有识别行为特征的功能,但是,由于评价方法的出发点不是行为特征识别,所以得到的识别结果可能不够细致、具体,难以达到分析特征的目标。而专门针对行为特征识别的定量方法较少,常见的有统计分析法,但该类方法得到的结果缺少对特征产生过程及影响程度的分析和刻画,导致遗失了大量有用的信息；并且,由于事物的复杂性,常常采用多指标、多层次的评价体系来描述事物,而对于这类问题,通过现有的统计方法来获得行为特征将面临较大的困难。
为此,本文以竞优特征为切入点,以定量的行为特征群识别方法为中心,开展以下主要研究工作：
(1)从理论层面,构建竞优特征群识别方法的研究框架
依据竞优思想,综合运用相关理论和方法,确定研究的主题及其意义,明晰实现竞优特征群识别存在的困难,确定解决问题的途径。即构建一个系统的研究框架——该框架对研究的主要内容、所需的理论基础、分析方法和相关技术做出较为全面的提炼和总结。
(2)构建竞优特征的群识别方法
分别针对单层及多层结构描述的评价指标体系,构建了整个分析过程遵循竞优思想的行为主体竞优特征的群识别方法,在群体意见的基础上,从每一位观察者的评价意见出发,基于竞优特征识别模型挖掘被评价对象的竞优特征,然后通过聚类分析归纳和提炼观察者群体意见反映的行为主体竞优特征,基于此构建竞优水平的评价模型,以及设计竞优特征群识别方法的实施流程。
(3)构建基于竞优特征的人员分类方法
受竞优特征群识别方法的启发,提出两种基于竞优特征群识别方法的人员分类方法,即基于竞优特征群识别方法的人员分类方法和基于标准试卷的人员竞优分类方法。待分类群体中每一位个体都对应着一个观察者群体评价意见集合,把所有待分类个体对应的观察者群体意见聚集到一个集合中,按照竞优特征群识别方法,得到所有意见反映的竞优特征,对此聚类,分析的结果即为人员分类结果。如果转换思维,可以在竞优特征群识别方法的基础上拓展出另一种分类方法：如果被识别对象,即行为主体是已经具有已知标准特征的事物,如一套具有标准答案的试题,而将待分类群体作为该套试题的被试群体,则利用竞优特征群识别方法,可以将被试群体按照识别出来的竞优特征进行分类。
(4)构建基于竞优特征匹配的岗位选择方法
科学有效地进行岗位选择是职业生涯成功的关键,从人员竞优特征出发,通过专家意见等途径确定该人员可能从事的岗位域,明确岗位域中的每一类岗位的胜任指标,通过群体意见了解每一类岗位基于胜任指标体系的竞优特征,测算人员竞优特征与各类岗位竞优特征的匹配度,以匹配度大小为标准,识别最适合该人员的岗位,为其岗位选择提供依据。以大学生岗位抉择为例,说明方法的意义及价值。
(5)应用研究
以问卷调研为依托,将竞优特征群识别方法应用于国有大型企业分公司总经理胜任力及绩效行为的竞优特征识别及竞优水平评价,有色冶金设计院技术人员胜任力的竞优特征识别方面,分别按照分析的结果,提出了管理对策建议,验证了本方法解决实际问题的功能与意义。
Summarizing the human evolution progress, it is not difficult to find that society develop and make progress as people actively exploring and acting in accordance with evolution rules. The thought of match better conforming to the objective rules claims that people should explore and utilize objective rules actively and perform excellently based on the cognition of the rules. According to the thought of match better conforming to the rules, the decision maker should identify behaviour subjects' value to the greatest extent, which can promote behaviour subjects to participate in the activity of match better conforming to the rules enthusiastically.
Nowadays, the main methods for identifying behaviour features are qualitative analysis; the conclusions are always varying from person to person, which are difficult to reach a consensus. In a broad sense, many evaluation methods have side effects of identifying behaviour subjects' features. But the main purpose of evaluations are not identifying behaviour features, so the evaluation results may be not in great detail and specific, which makes it can hardly reach the analysis goal. The quantitative approach for identifying behaviour features are rarely. The statistical method can identify features, but they can not show the process of generating results, and it may lose lots of useful information. Further more, since the complexity of the objects, the objects are usually described by multi-layered and multicriteria indicators, the statistical methods can not solve the above kinds of problems.
For this purpose, from the perspective of match better conforming to the rules, the theory and applications of quantitative identification methods for behaviour features are studied including the following main areas:
(1) In theory, the analytic framework of group identification method for match better conforming to the rules is given.
The concept of behaviour and features of match better conforming to the objective rules are put forward, the meaning and difficulty of identifying features of match better conforming to the rule are described, the existing theories and methods are also gained enlightenment from, the way to identify features of match better conforming to the rules is described, the analytic framework of group identification methods for match better conforming to the rules is put forward.
(2) The methods for features of match better conforming to the rules based on group identification are constructed.
According to the single and hierarchical structure evaluation indicator system, the group identification model of features and level of match better confirming to the objective rules are built up. The whole analysis process is following the thought of match better conforming to the objective rules. Based on the opinions of observer group, from the view of most beneficial to behavioural subjects according to the opinions of each observer, features and level of match better confirming to the natural rules can be analyzed based on group opinions. The procedures of applying the methods are also designed.
(3) Personnel classification methods based on features of match better conforming to the rules.
Inspired by the group identification methods for features of match better conforming to the rules, two kinds of classification methods are put forward. One method is aiming at each individual of the group being classified, according to the identification method for features of match better conforming to the rules, the opinions of each individual are obtained, doing the cluster analysis of all the opinions of match better congforming to the rules, the classification results are obtained. The other method is through transforming thinking, the classification logic is:if recognized object with standard features, such as a standardized questionnaire, and behavior objects are tested, the testing results can be seen as the indicator values, based on all indicator values of all the behavior objects, through the the group identification method, the group can be classified by features of match better conforming to the rules by cluster analysis.
(4) Job choosing decision making method based on match better conforming to the rules
Scientific job position is one of the key factors for a successful career. From the starting point of match better conforming to the rule features of the personnel, relying on the experts' opinions, one can kown the job domain which one can work on, by the same way, each job' s features of match better conforming to the rules can be obtained. Caluation the match degree between the person' s features of match better conforming to the rules and each job's features of match better conforming to the rules one by one, the bigger the degree the better, which can give the support for career decision making. Taking the undergraduate as an example, the meaning and value of the method are illustrated.
(5) Application study
With questionnaires as the based, applying the group identification methods, the features and level of match better confirming to the objective rules of branch companies' general managers in state-owned enterprises from the perspective of competency and performance index systems are analysized, and then the features and level of match better confirming to the natural rules of the identification and evaluation of features match better conforming to the rules of technical staff in designing institute are caluated, based on the results some relavant countermeasures are put forward, with the hope of providing supportive information for the relevant authority. The feasibility and effectiveness of the methods are demonstrated.
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