多层住宅自保温建筑构造体系研究
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摘要
建筑节能作为我国重要的发展战略，实现全民节能成为我国各地区面临的重大课题之一。由于县域城镇及乡村地区与大中城市各方面的差异，使得在这些地区建筑节能处于停滞不前的状态。自保温建筑构造体系的提出，使得“建筑节能”在县域城镇及乡村地区推广应用成为可能。开展自保温建筑构造体系的研究，提高县域城镇及乡村地区冬季室内热环境质量，是推进我国实现“全民节能”的重要举措。
针对县域城镇及乡村地区建筑节能匮乏的现状，运用理论计算、实验测试、数值模拟相结合的研究方法对以DS承重空心砖自保温墙体为主体承重构件的自保温建筑构造体系进行了系统的研究。本文研究得到的主要成果为：
（1）运用ANSYS热分析软件对于DS承重空心砖和KP1多孔砖在稳态传热条件下的内部热流分布及温度梯度分布进行模拟。通过模拟不同的工况，得到三种砌块的热工参数。将模拟计算的结果与已知文献所列的数值以及通过实验测试得出的测试值进行比较，证明了运用ANSYS热分析软件对DS空心砖热工参数的模拟计算具有可靠性，可以应用于随后墙体热工参数的计算中。
（2）通过建立以DS承重空心砖自保温墙体为基础的典型自保温建筑模型，以陕西关中的气候条件为基础，分析了这一自保温建筑构造体系在这一地区的应用性。
（3）提出墙体非对称式保温设计原理。以傅里叶定律为理论依据，在保证建筑各朝向具有相同的室内热环境的基础上，提出各朝向在进行墙体保温设计时应该充分考虑室外空气综合温度对于不同朝向的影响进行非对称式保温设计。运用理论计算分析了应用非对称式保温设计原理设计时的建筑用材节约性的优化目标，同时运用运用EnergyPlus动态能耗软件模拟分析了应用非对称式保温设计原理设计时减低建筑能耗的优化目标。
（4）以不同地域气候为计算条件，分析DS承重空心砖自保温墙体的地域适应性。在严寒地区建议采用以DS空心砖自保温墙体与保温砂浆相结合的墙体保温构造推广使用，在寒冷地区可直接采用DS空心砖自保温墙体并且应用墙体非对称式保温设计原理优化自保温墙体构造设计。
拟通过本研究，为严寒和寒冷地区的县域城镇及乡村居住建筑节能设计做出有益的补充与完善，为针对这些地区编制的居住建筑节能构造图集提供理论依据。
Energy efficiency is an important developing strategy in our country and realizingnational energy saving becomes one of the major issues. Because of the differencesbetween counties and cities, the development of energy efficiency has been slowdownin these places of counties. With the advancing of self-insulation buildings, it is possibleto make energy saving popular. Carrying out the Studies on self-insulation buildings,improving the indoor heat environment quality become a significant step to achievenational energy saving.
Based on the present of energy efficiency in counties, the paper uses the methodscombined with theoretical calculation, test and numerical simulation to researching theself-insulation buildings which main bearing structure is DS bearing hollow bricksself-insulations. Through systematic research, the major productions gained are:
(1) Analysis the distribution of heat flux and gradient of three bricks, DS1brick,DS2brick and KP1brick to use the ANSYS soft. Providing the soft to simulate thethermal parameters in different conditions and comparing with the results by test,improves that the parameters simulated from the ANSYS soft can use for flowedcalculation.
(2) Based on the climate of central Shaanxi area, take the DS bearing hollow brickself-insulation wall as main structure of building, analysis the applicability of thisstructural system. Using EnergyPlus software to optimize building envelopes to adaptthe two-way energy efficiency including energy saving and economic saves.
(3) Proposing the wall asymmetric design theory. Based on the fourier law, aim tohave same indoor thermal environment of all directions, propose that the outdoor air comprehensive temperature should be taken into account the design of wall structure.Using the methods of theoretical calculation and soft simulation improve the twooptimized purposes.
(4) On the basis of different areas, analyze the regional adaptation ofself-insulation wall. In the severe cold region, advising to use self-insulation wallcombined with Inorganic insulation mortar and in cold region can use DS hollow bricksself-insulation wall direct and take advantage of the wall asymmetric design theory tooptimize the self-insulation wall structure.
Expect this study make a useful complement for energy efficiency of county’sresidential buildings in severe cold and cold zones and provides theory basis for editingenergy efficiency construction atlas.
针对县域城镇及乡村地区建筑节能匮乏的现状，运用理论计算、实验测试、数值模拟相结合的研究方法对以DS承重空心砖自保温墙体为主体承重构件的自保温建筑构造体系进行了系统的研究。本文研究得到的主要成果为：
（1）运用ANSYS热分析软件对于DS承重空心砖和KP1多孔砖在稳态传热条件下的内部热流分布及温度梯度分布进行模拟。通过模拟不同的工况，得到三种砌块的热工参数。将模拟计算的结果与已知文献所列的数值以及通过实验测试得出的测试值进行比较，证明了运用ANSYS热分析软件对DS空心砖热工参数的模拟计算具有可靠性，可以应用于随后墙体热工参数的计算中。
（2）通过建立以DS承重空心砖自保温墙体为基础的典型自保温建筑模型，以陕西关中的气候条件为基础，分析了这一自保温建筑构造体系在这一地区的应用性。
（3）提出墙体非对称式保温设计原理。以傅里叶定律为理论依据，在保证建筑各朝向具有相同的室内热环境的基础上，提出各朝向在进行墙体保温设计时应该充分考虑室外空气综合温度对于不同朝向的影响进行非对称式保温设计。运用理论计算分析了应用非对称式保温设计原理设计时的建筑用材节约性的优化目标，同时运用运用EnergyPlus动态能耗软件模拟分析了应用非对称式保温设计原理设计时减低建筑能耗的优化目标。
（4）以不同地域气候为计算条件，分析DS承重空心砖自保温墙体的地域适应性。在严寒地区建议采用以DS空心砖自保温墙体与保温砂浆相结合的墙体保温构造推广使用，在寒冷地区可直接采用DS空心砖自保温墙体并且应用墙体非对称式保温设计原理优化自保温墙体构造设计。
拟通过本研究，为严寒和寒冷地区的县域城镇及乡村居住建筑节能设计做出有益的补充与完善，为针对这些地区编制的居住建筑节能构造图集提供理论依据。
Energy efficiency is an important developing strategy in our country and realizingnational energy saving becomes one of the major issues. Because of the differencesbetween counties and cities, the development of energy efficiency has been slowdownin these places of counties. With the advancing of self-insulation buildings, it is possibleto make energy saving popular. Carrying out the Studies on self-insulation buildings,improving the indoor heat environment quality become a significant step to achievenational energy saving.
Based on the present of energy efficiency in counties, the paper uses the methodscombined with theoretical calculation, test and numerical simulation to researching theself-insulation buildings which main bearing structure is DS bearing hollow bricksself-insulations. Through systematic research, the major productions gained are:
(1) Analysis the distribution of heat flux and gradient of three bricks, DS1brick,DS2brick and KP1brick to use the ANSYS soft. Providing the soft to simulate thethermal parameters in different conditions and comparing with the results by test,improves that the parameters simulated from the ANSYS soft can use for flowedcalculation.
(2) Based on the climate of central Shaanxi area, take the DS bearing hollow brickself-insulation wall as main structure of building, analysis the applicability of thisstructural system. Using EnergyPlus software to optimize building envelopes to adaptthe two-way energy efficiency including energy saving and economic saves.
(3) Proposing the wall asymmetric design theory. Based on the fourier law, aim tohave same indoor thermal environment of all directions, propose that the outdoor air comprehensive temperature should be taken into account the design of wall structure.Using the methods of theoretical calculation and soft simulation improve the twooptimized purposes.
(4) On the basis of different areas, analyze the regional adaptation ofself-insulation wall. In the severe cold region, advising to use self-insulation wallcombined with Inorganic insulation mortar and in cold region can use DS hollow bricksself-insulation wall direct and take advantage of the wall asymmetric design theory tooptimize the self-insulation wall structure.
Expect this study make a useful complement for energy efficiency of county’sresidential buildings in severe cold and cold zones and provides theory basis for editingenergy efficiency construction atlas.
引文
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