双半轴式转台结构振动传递特性研究
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摘要
惯性导航和制导技术在航空、航天、航海领域中具有重要作用。随着惯性元件和惯性系统精度的不断提高，对测试设备的要求也越来越高。在实际工作中，测试设备由于多源激励，产生振动能量，经多个传递路径传递到被测元件上，这影响和制约着被测元件精度和性能的提高。因此，研究测试设备的振动产生机理和振动能量传递分布情况对降低设备运行中的振动噪声具有重要意义。本文以测试设备中广泛应用的双半轴式转台结构为研究对象，通过理论计算、数值仿真和实验相结合的方式，研究振动能量在双半轴式转台结构中的传递特性。具体研究工作如下：
针对复杂结构系统中子结构的连接方式与振动能量传递路径之间的关系，根据多刚体理论对结构系统的图论描述，建立复杂结构系统振动能量传递模型。利用四端参数传递矩阵法建立链式系统振动能量分析模型；针对复杂结构系统中振动能量有分支的问题，提出四端参数矢量法和多体系统传递矩阵法相结合的方法，建立分支式振动能量传递模型和网络式振动能量传递模型。通过子系统界面间的运动协调性与力的平衡关系，推导出用于计算功率流的各连接点力和速度表达式，结合传递路径分析方法，建立复杂结构系统的振动能量传递路径分析模型。
根据复杂结构系统振动能量传递分析模型，结合双半轴式转台结构的结构特点，基于导纳功率流法进行双半轴式转台结构振动传递特性分析。根据子结构分析方法将其划分为：半轴子结构、轴承子结构、框架子结构以及支座基础子结构，并分别推导各子结构的四端参数传递矩阵，利用多体系统传递矩阵法建立双半轴式转台结构耦合分析系统，进而获得各子结构的导纳功率流。利用导纳功率流对比不同激励情况下的双半轴式转台结构进行振动传递特性分析，识别影响目标结构的主要振源和主要振动传递路径。
根据双半轴式转台结构主要为板壳结构和实体结构组合结构的特点，从有限元动力学方程出发，结合功率流理论推导板壳结构和实体结构的连续体功率流计算公式，并将其运用到不同激励情况下的双半轴式转台结构振动传递特性中，识别主要传递路径。针对板壳结构与实体结构结合面处多节点传递振动能量的问题，提出一种均方根功率流为评价指标的方法，识别多激励情况下的振源对目标结构的重要度。利用脚本语言对有限元软件进行二次开发，将功率流作为场变量，实现双半轴式转台结构振动功率流可视化研究。
根据相关研究内容建立双半轴式转台结构实验系统。通过进行双半轴式转台结构模态测试实验，实验结果与前文有限元仿真结果吻合较好，表明所建立的双半轴式转台结构有限元模型合理，表明仿真结果在一定程度上能反映实际结构的振动特性。根据振动声强法进行双半轴式转台结构振动功率流测试实验研究，分析结构的振动传递特性，给出实验数据曲线图，与理论值进行对比分析证明前文理论计算的正确性。
It is universally acknowledged that inertial navigation and guidance technology takes thevital place in aviation, spaceflight, navigation field. As the precision of the inertial system andcomponents have been improved, higher requirements of the test equipment need to besatisfied as well. However, test equipment motivated by multiexciter, and then produces anamount of vibration energy. The energy transfers to components under detection viadistinguished paths, which may have a severe impact in the testing process and pose a threatto the improvement of the system performance. Therefore, the study of vibration generatingmechanism and vibration energy transfer distribution in test equipments is of greatsignificance in reducing the vibration noise. This dissertation took the most widely useddouble half shafts type turntable as research object, made the combination of the theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation, and conducted the transfer characteristics of the vibrationenergy in double half shafts structure. Specific research work is as follows:
According to the relation of each substructure connection type and vibration energytransfer path in vibration system, based on structure system description by graph theory inmulti-rigid-body theory, the paper builds complex structural vibration energy transmissionmodeling. The four-pole parameter vector method was adopted to establish a vibration energyanalysis model of chain system when subsystems had equal input and output in the statevector. In case the input and output of subsystems were not equal, four-pole parameter vectormethod was combined with transfer matrix of multi-object system to establish vibrationenergy models of branch-type vibration system and network vibration system. Additionally,the force and velocity formula of connection points was attained through the motioncoordination and force equilibrium relationship between the interfaces of joint subsystems. Sothat it was simple to get corresponding power flow calculation method. In this case, the powerflow was taken as the evaluation index for vibration to analyze energy transfer in everyvibration transmission path and identify the main vibration energy flow path.
With respect to vibration analysis methods of complex systems, double half shaftsturntable structure feature and the generating mechanism of vibration, the new approach ofvibration transfer characteristics was put forward on the basis of the mobility power flow. First of all, according to vibration analysis method of complex system, the system wasdivided into4parts: half shaft subsystem, bearing subsystem, frame subsystem and supportbase subsystem. The paper derived transfer matrixes of each subsystem based on four-poleparameter. Then the double half shafts coupling equation was established by transfer matrixmethod of multi-body system. The power flow of subsystem was obtained. The mainvibration source and transfer paths were identified using mobility power flow method undermulti-excitation.
According to the feature that double half shafts turntable was made up of plate and solidstructure, taking the finite element dynamic equation into consideration, the calculationformula for power flow in continuum was derived. The method was applied on double halfshafts turntable to identify main transfer path. For multiple nodes transmission vibrationenergy in the connection face of plate and solid, the paper presented a mean square powerflow of evaluation approach. The approach was identified importance of vibration sourceunder multi-excitation. The finite element ABAQUS software was secondary development byscenarios language. The power flow was regarded as field variable. The power flow visibilityof double half shafts turntable was implemented.
Several relevant experiments were performed to design and establish double half shaftsexperimental platform. First of all, experiments on the dynamic characteristics of the doublehalf shafts system were conducted to obtain the modal characteristic parameters of thisstructure. The experiment results were in good agreement with the calculations, the analysisof simulation result reflected vibration characteristics of real structure to some extent.Secondly, the test vibration transmissibility of double half shafts turntable was conductedbased on vibration intensity. The experimental results were consistent with the theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation results to some extent, therefore the theoretical analysis inthis dissertation could be proved feasible.
针对复杂结构系统中子结构的连接方式与振动能量传递路径之间的关系，根据多刚体理论对结构系统的图论描述，建立复杂结构系统振动能量传递模型。利用四端参数传递矩阵法建立链式系统振动能量分析模型；针对复杂结构系统中振动能量有分支的问题，提出四端参数矢量法和多体系统传递矩阵法相结合的方法，建立分支式振动能量传递模型和网络式振动能量传递模型。通过子系统界面间的运动协调性与力的平衡关系，推导出用于计算功率流的各连接点力和速度表达式，结合传递路径分析方法，建立复杂结构系统的振动能量传递路径分析模型。
根据复杂结构系统振动能量传递分析模型，结合双半轴式转台结构的结构特点，基于导纳功率流法进行双半轴式转台结构振动传递特性分析。根据子结构分析方法将其划分为：半轴子结构、轴承子结构、框架子结构以及支座基础子结构，并分别推导各子结构的四端参数传递矩阵，利用多体系统传递矩阵法建立双半轴式转台结构耦合分析系统，进而获得各子结构的导纳功率流。利用导纳功率流对比不同激励情况下的双半轴式转台结构进行振动传递特性分析，识别影响目标结构的主要振源和主要振动传递路径。
根据双半轴式转台结构主要为板壳结构和实体结构组合结构的特点，从有限元动力学方程出发，结合功率流理论推导板壳结构和实体结构的连续体功率流计算公式，并将其运用到不同激励情况下的双半轴式转台结构振动传递特性中，识别主要传递路径。针对板壳结构与实体结构结合面处多节点传递振动能量的问题，提出一种均方根功率流为评价指标的方法，识别多激励情况下的振源对目标结构的重要度。利用脚本语言对有限元软件进行二次开发，将功率流作为场变量，实现双半轴式转台结构振动功率流可视化研究。
根据相关研究内容建立双半轴式转台结构实验系统。通过进行双半轴式转台结构模态测试实验，实验结果与前文有限元仿真结果吻合较好，表明所建立的双半轴式转台结构有限元模型合理，表明仿真结果在一定程度上能反映实际结构的振动特性。根据振动声强法进行双半轴式转台结构振动功率流测试实验研究，分析结构的振动传递特性，给出实验数据曲线图，与理论值进行对比分析证明前文理论计算的正确性。
It is universally acknowledged that inertial navigation and guidance technology takes thevital place in aviation, spaceflight, navigation field. As the precision of the inertial system andcomponents have been improved, higher requirements of the test equipment need to besatisfied as well. However, test equipment motivated by multiexciter, and then produces anamount of vibration energy. The energy transfers to components under detection viadistinguished paths, which may have a severe impact in the testing process and pose a threatto the improvement of the system performance. Therefore, the study of vibration generatingmechanism and vibration energy transfer distribution in test equipments is of greatsignificance in reducing the vibration noise. This dissertation took the most widely useddouble half shafts type turntable as research object, made the combination of the theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation, and conducted the transfer characteristics of the vibrationenergy in double half shafts structure. Specific research work is as follows:
According to the relation of each substructure connection type and vibration energytransfer path in vibration system, based on structure system description by graph theory inmulti-rigid-body theory, the paper builds complex structural vibration energy transmissionmodeling. The four-pole parameter vector method was adopted to establish a vibration energyanalysis model of chain system when subsystems had equal input and output in the statevector. In case the input and output of subsystems were not equal, four-pole parameter vectormethod was combined with transfer matrix of multi-object system to establish vibrationenergy models of branch-type vibration system and network vibration system. Additionally,the force and velocity formula of connection points was attained through the motioncoordination and force equilibrium relationship between the interfaces of joint subsystems. Sothat it was simple to get corresponding power flow calculation method. In this case, the powerflow was taken as the evaluation index for vibration to analyze energy transfer in everyvibration transmission path and identify the main vibration energy flow path.
With respect to vibration analysis methods of complex systems, double half shaftsturntable structure feature and the generating mechanism of vibration, the new approach ofvibration transfer characteristics was put forward on the basis of the mobility power flow. First of all, according to vibration analysis method of complex system, the system wasdivided into4parts: half shaft subsystem, bearing subsystem, frame subsystem and supportbase subsystem. The paper derived transfer matrixes of each subsystem based on four-poleparameter. Then the double half shafts coupling equation was established by transfer matrixmethod of multi-body system. The power flow of subsystem was obtained. The mainvibration source and transfer paths were identified using mobility power flow method undermulti-excitation.
According to the feature that double half shafts turntable was made up of plate and solidstructure, taking the finite element dynamic equation into consideration, the calculationformula for power flow in continuum was derived. The method was applied on double halfshafts turntable to identify main transfer path. For multiple nodes transmission vibrationenergy in the connection face of plate and solid, the paper presented a mean square powerflow of evaluation approach. The approach was identified importance of vibration sourceunder multi-excitation. The finite element ABAQUS software was secondary development byscenarios language. The power flow was regarded as field variable. The power flow visibilityof double half shafts turntable was implemented.
Several relevant experiments were performed to design and establish double half shaftsexperimental platform. First of all, experiments on the dynamic characteristics of the doublehalf shafts system were conducted to obtain the modal characteristic parameters of thisstructure. The experiment results were in good agreement with the calculations, the analysisof simulation result reflected vibration characteristics of real structure to some extent.Secondly, the test vibration transmissibility of double half shafts turntable was conductedbased on vibration intensity. The experimental results were consistent with the theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation results to some extent, therefore the theoretical analysis inthis dissertation could be proved feasible.
引文
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