高模量沥青及其混合料特性研究
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摘要
高模量沥青及其混合料是解决我国沥青路面重载交通及长大陡坡路面车辙等问题的重要工程材料。由于其进入我国的时间较晚，我国对高模量沥青及其混合料的研究还比较滞后，对其缺乏必要的认识，对高模量沥青及其混合料的性能特性研究是一项非常艰巨的研究内容。本研究应用SBS和PE两种改性剂制备出了性能良好的高模量沥青，可以在显著改善沥青低温的同时，又较大程度上提高了沥青的高温性能，然后研究高模量沥青混合料的特性及其路面应用特性。对于目前越来越受到广泛关注的高模量沥青及其混合料，它们在使用中的材料学性能特征和工程特性等问题是各国道路工作者所面临的重要课题。
本文首先分析了高模量沥青及高模量沥青混合料研究现状，阐述对其进行系统研究分析的必要性。通过优化制备工艺，试验制备性能优良的高模量沥青；根据PE改性剂的掺加对沥青体系的影响分析，提出了PE对沥青的作用机理;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差热扫描分析（DSC）和红外光谱（FTIR）等技术手段对高模量沥青进行材料学性能测试；
然后对掺加SBS和PE改性剂制备的高模量沥青进行流变学性能研究，发现其在高低频状态下的模量及变形能力远远优于SBS沥青和基质沥青，高模量沥青具有其与普通沥青不同的粘弹性特性，PE改性剂的加入可以改善SBS改性沥青的高温车辙因子，提高沥青的PG（性能分级）等级，具有优良蠕变特性；从沥青粘弹性出发，采用粘弹分离手段研究SBS和PE对沥青粘弹性质的影响；由动态力学试验方法（DMA）测得的零剪切粘度ZSV评价了高模量沥青的高温性能，这些特性为高模量沥青的工程应用提供技术支持；
通过动态模量和静态模量试验、车辙试验和其它路用性能试验等全面研究高模量沥青混合料的路用特性：PE和SBS改性剂的加入能够显著提高沥青混合料的动、静态模量，在高温情况下动态模量的提高极为明显；提出高模量沥青混合料的两项特性，可以用来验证、评价高模量沥青混合料的质量，为生产高质量的高模量沥青混合料提供技术参考；综合比较本文制备的高模量沥青混合料与外掺法制备高模量沥青混合料的在模量、动稳定度等提高幅度方面的差别，进而深度揭示二者不同的作用机理；开展高模量沥青混合料的特性研究为其广泛应用奠定应用基础；
采用有限元分析软件对48种材料组合进行建模，分析各结构在不同荷载组合,不同温度下和不同力学参数下的力学响应，通过各组合的分析，C组合(上面层高模量沥青混合料+中面层高模量沥青混合料+下面层高模量沥青混合料，在20℃和60℃下)弯沉值最小，τmax分布对路面整体结构最合理，因此是最佳路面组合结构；最后在工程实际中采用高模量沥青路面，与SBS沥青路面进行试验段的跟踪检测，表明高模量沥青路面具有较好的工程使用价值。
High modulus asphalt and high modulus asphalt mixtures are considered tobe essensialengineering materials for solving Chinese heavy traffic and long and steep slope pavementrutting problems presently. Because of late access to China, the researches specialized in highmoudlus asphalt and it’s mixtures are very rare and then it’s utilization is severely limited. Itis an important aim for road fesearcher to study on the properties and characteristics of highmoudlus asphalt and it’s mixtures for a long time. Through combination of SBS and PE, highmodulus asphalt was prepared in this study. And the low temperature and high temperatureperformance of this asphalt have been improved greatly. For high modulus asphalt and it’smixture, their viscoelastic properties, performance characteristics and temperature field ofenvironmental and structural stress analysis are important issues faced to road engineers.
This dissertation first analyzed the high modulus asphalt and it’s mixtures relatedresearch, and then systematic research was emphasized. By optimizing the preparationprocess, high modulus asphalt with excellent performance was made. After the analysis of theeffect of PE particles on the asphalt system, the mechanism of PE in asphalt was proposed.Using electron microscopy (SEM)、 differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) andinfrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the modifiers (SBS and PE) distribution in asphalt werestudied.
Then, rheology studies of high modulus asphalt were carried out. The modulus andanti-deforamation capacity of high modulus asphalt were found to be far better than SBS andoriginal asphalt. The viscoelastic properties of high modulus asphalt were different fromoriginal asphalt. The addition of PE and SBS could improve the rutting factor significantlyand performance grade of original asphalt and excellent creep properties. Based onviscoelasticity of asphalts, the effects of SBS and PE on the separation of viscocity andelasticity were studied. Measured by dynamic test method, the Zero Shear Viscosity (ZSV)was applied to evaluate the high temperature performance of high modulus asphalt.
Through dynamic modulus and static modulus test, wheel track test and other road performance test, the high modulus asphalt mixtures had larger modulus (dynamic modulusand static modulus) after addition of SBS and PE especialy at high temperature. Therefore,two features of high modulus asphalt mixtures were proposed which could be used to verifythe quality of high modulus asphalt mixtures and provide technical information forresearchers.The asphalt mixtures prepared by this dissertation was better than mixtures madeby external addition methods in promoting modulus and dynamic stability, and then themechanism of the two methods was revealed clearly;
Adopting three dimensional finite element anlaysis software, after model constructionand analysis of48road structures, the mechanical responses at different load, differenttemperatures and different mechanical parameters were calculated. By coMParative analysis,the C combination (road surface layers made by high modulus asphalt mixtures) was best roadstructure because it had minimum deflection and reasonable shear stress distribution.CoMParing practical engineering applying effects with high modulus asphalt pavement andSBS modified asphalt pavement through test road pavement, high modulus asphalt pavementcan get better road performance.
本文首先分析了高模量沥青及高模量沥青混合料研究现状，阐述对其进行系统研究分析的必要性。通过优化制备工艺，试验制备性能优良的高模量沥青；根据PE改性剂的掺加对沥青体系的影响分析，提出了PE对沥青的作用机理;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差热扫描分析（DSC）和红外光谱（FTIR）等技术手段对高模量沥青进行材料学性能测试；
然后对掺加SBS和PE改性剂制备的高模量沥青进行流变学性能研究，发现其在高低频状态下的模量及变形能力远远优于SBS沥青和基质沥青，高模量沥青具有其与普通沥青不同的粘弹性特性，PE改性剂的加入可以改善SBS改性沥青的高温车辙因子，提高沥青的PG（性能分级）等级，具有优良蠕变特性；从沥青粘弹性出发，采用粘弹分离手段研究SBS和PE对沥青粘弹性质的影响；由动态力学试验方法（DMA）测得的零剪切粘度ZSV评价了高模量沥青的高温性能，这些特性为高模量沥青的工程应用提供技术支持；
通过动态模量和静态模量试验、车辙试验和其它路用性能试验等全面研究高模量沥青混合料的路用特性：PE和SBS改性剂的加入能够显著提高沥青混合料的动、静态模量，在高温情况下动态模量的提高极为明显；提出高模量沥青混合料的两项特性，可以用来验证、评价高模量沥青混合料的质量，为生产高质量的高模量沥青混合料提供技术参考；综合比较本文制备的高模量沥青混合料与外掺法制备高模量沥青混合料的在模量、动稳定度等提高幅度方面的差别，进而深度揭示二者不同的作用机理；开展高模量沥青混合料的特性研究为其广泛应用奠定应用基础；
采用有限元分析软件对48种材料组合进行建模，分析各结构在不同荷载组合,不同温度下和不同力学参数下的力学响应，通过各组合的分析，C组合(上面层高模量沥青混合料+中面层高模量沥青混合料+下面层高模量沥青混合料，在20℃和60℃下)弯沉值最小，τmax分布对路面整体结构最合理，因此是最佳路面组合结构；最后在工程实际中采用高模量沥青路面，与SBS沥青路面进行试验段的跟踪检测，表明高模量沥青路面具有较好的工程使用价值。
High modulus asphalt and high modulus asphalt mixtures are considered tobe essensialengineering materials for solving Chinese heavy traffic and long and steep slope pavementrutting problems presently. Because of late access to China, the researches specialized in highmoudlus asphalt and it’s mixtures are very rare and then it’s utilization is severely limited. Itis an important aim for road fesearcher to study on the properties and characteristics of highmoudlus asphalt and it’s mixtures for a long time. Through combination of SBS and PE, highmodulus asphalt was prepared in this study. And the low temperature and high temperatureperformance of this asphalt have been improved greatly. For high modulus asphalt and it’smixture, their viscoelastic properties, performance characteristics and temperature field ofenvironmental and structural stress analysis are important issues faced to road engineers.
This dissertation first analyzed the high modulus asphalt and it’s mixtures relatedresearch, and then systematic research was emphasized. By optimizing the preparationprocess, high modulus asphalt with excellent performance was made. After the analysis of theeffect of PE particles on the asphalt system, the mechanism of PE in asphalt was proposed.Using electron microscopy (SEM)、 differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) andinfrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the modifiers (SBS and PE) distribution in asphalt werestudied.
Then, rheology studies of high modulus asphalt were carried out. The modulus andanti-deforamation capacity of high modulus asphalt were found to be far better than SBS andoriginal asphalt. The viscoelastic properties of high modulus asphalt were different fromoriginal asphalt. The addition of PE and SBS could improve the rutting factor significantlyand performance grade of original asphalt and excellent creep properties. Based onviscoelasticity of asphalts, the effects of SBS and PE on the separation of viscocity andelasticity were studied. Measured by dynamic test method, the Zero Shear Viscosity (ZSV)was applied to evaluate the high temperature performance of high modulus asphalt.
Through dynamic modulus and static modulus test, wheel track test and other road performance test, the high modulus asphalt mixtures had larger modulus (dynamic modulusand static modulus) after addition of SBS and PE especialy at high temperature. Therefore,two features of high modulus asphalt mixtures were proposed which could be used to verifythe quality of high modulus asphalt mixtures and provide technical information forresearchers.The asphalt mixtures prepared by this dissertation was better than mixtures madeby external addition methods in promoting modulus and dynamic stability, and then themechanism of the two methods was revealed clearly;
Adopting three dimensional finite element anlaysis software, after model constructionand analysis of48road structures, the mechanical responses at different load, differenttemperatures and different mechanical parameters were calculated. By coMParative analysis,the C combination (road surface layers made by high modulus asphalt mixtures) was best roadstructure because it had minimum deflection and reasonable shear stress distribution.CoMParing practical engineering applying effects with high modulus asphalt pavement andSBS modified asphalt pavement through test road pavement, high modulus asphalt pavementcan get better road performance.
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