农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济研究
|
摘要
我国农民专业合作社的发展经历了萌芽阶段、起步阶段和深化发展的阶段至今，逐步形成了以家庭承包经营为主、统分结合的双层经营体制为基础的新型农民专业合作社，农民组织化、生产专业化、分布区域化、服务社会化是新型农民专业合作社的重要特征。随着市场经济的发展和农村经济改革的不断深化，农业现代化已经成为适应市场需求的发展大趋势，而农业现代化的实现也必然要从培育和发展高效的农业微观组织——农民专业合作社入手。近年来，各种类型的农民专业合作社发展速度明显加快，数量急剧上升，农民专业合作社对农户的覆盖面和服务种类也迅速扩大，并且在发展中积累了宝贵的经验，探索了一些发展的好路子。但在农民专业合作社迅速兴起和繁荣的过程中，伴随着合作社小而散、散而乱的状况，使农民专业合作社总体上存在着规模不经济的问题。
农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济既是一个理论研究问题，也是一个实践研究问题。规模经济刻画了农民专业合作社的规模与成本效益的关系，范围经济刻画了农民专业合作社提供多种服务的成本收益状况。首先，本文在经济理论的基础上探讨了农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的存在，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行定性分析。其次，通过获取调研样本合作社数据，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行定量分析，提出农民专业合作社的扩张具有适度边界，并对这一有效边界进行了测定和方法上的尝试。农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济研究不仅可以为目前出现的农民专业合作社扩张浪潮提供理论说明，也能为农民专业合作社扩张的合理边界提供一种研究方法上的依据和通达途径。最后，结合目前我国农民专业合作社的现实环境，提出实现我国农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济的策略。
本文主要由七章内容构成：
论文第一章阐述了农民专业合作社的研究背景、研究目的和研究意义，综述和总结了农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的国内外研究动态，梳理了本文的研究思路，确定了本文的研究方法，提出本文的可能创新之处。
论文第二章论述了规模经济和范围经济的理论基础，详细总结了经济理论中的规模经济、范围经济和规模报酬之间的联系与区别，并讨论了经济学中规模经济和范围经济的一般常用计量函数。
论文第三章是农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的定性分析。基于新古典经济学理论、社会组织理论、产业组织理论、市场力量均衡理论、交易费用理论、制度创新理论和竞争理论阐述了农民专业合作社产生的理论基础，叙述了农民专业合作社产生的原因和农民专业合作社的涵义。从投入—产出理论、农民专业合作社功能、交易成本理论的角度论述了规模经济在农民专业合作社中存在的可能性；又从资产专用性角度、农户交易模式说明了范围经济在农民专业合作社中存在的可能性，为下一章的研究内容提供了理论依据。
论文第四章是农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的定量分析方法研究。通过对国外已有的农民专业合作社的实证研究方法进行归纳和比较，探寻和选取适宜该课题研究的方法。本章对投入—产出的分类方法定义为：生产法、中介法和细分法。此外，还详细列出了农民专业合作社的总体规模经济和特定产出规模经济、总体范围经济和特定产出范围经济的计算公式。
论文第五章主要以理论研究为基础，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行实证研究。本章首先论述了山西省农民专业合作社的发展历程，从农民专业合作社的运行机制等角度描述了样本农民专业合作社的发展现状，并对山西省农民专业合作社的发展现状进行了SWOT分析，明确了山西省农民专业合作社总体发展所面临的问题和外部环境。接下来，论文选取山西省15个县市的70家果蔬农民专业合作社中的44家调研数据较全的合作社为样本，运用超越对数成本函数和广义超越对数成本函数作为基本计量模型，研究样本农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济。
结论显示：样本农民专业合作社总体上存在轻微规模经济，资产规模小于200万元的样本合作社不存在规模经济，资产规模大于200万元的样本农民专业合作社存在显著规模经济；样本农民专业合作社均具有总体范围经济和特定产品范围经济，特定产品规模经济和产品互补性各不相同。
论文第六章认为实现规模经济，农民专业合作社的扩张是必然的。进一步探讨了农民专业合作社扩张的规模经济和范围经济，提出农民专业合作社的边界不可能无限扩张，盲目的扩张必然会导致规模不经济和资源的浪费等现象。那么，在扩张的过程中就必然会产生一个最适边界，这个最适边界就是农民专业合作社实现规模经济时的有效边界。最后，本章对这一最适边界进行了方法上的尝试和实证预测。
结论显示：资产规模小于200万元的样本农民专业合作社最佳社员规模为68～100人；资产规模大于200万元的样本农民专业合作社最佳社员规模为150～176人。
论文最后一章从对山西省农民专业合作社的实证研究上升到探讨全国农民专业合作社发展的高度上，通过将模型的描述性数据作为影响规模经济的因子，检验影响因子对规模经济的影响程度，指导策略制定。认为扩张是实现规模经济和范围经济的重要手段，并结合样本农民专业合作社现状，从构建创新体系、人才供给和扶持政策共四个方面提出实现规模经济和范围经济的策略。
Famers’ specialized co-operatives has gradually formed a new type famers’ specializedco-operatives based on giving priority to the household contract management andoutpus-related dual operation system, which experience the embryonic stage, underway stageand deepening development stage and so far, the farmers' organizational, specializedproduction, distribution of regional and service socialization are an important characteristicsof the new type farmers' specialized co-operatives. The agricultural modernization hasbecome the big development trend satisfied the market needs with the development of marketeconomy as deepening reform of the rural economy, meanwhile, realizing agriculturalmodernization also would start begin from cultivating and developing the efficientagricultural microstructure—farmers' specialized co-operatives. In recent years, various typesof farmers' specialized co-operatives developed fast, rising sharply, coverage and service offarmers' specialized co-operatives are also expanded rapidly, and accumulating some valuableexperience and exploring some of the good development path. But there still existsdiseconomies of scale in the prosperity process of co-operatives with the apperance of smallscattered, loose and disorderly.
Not only farmers’ specialized co-operatives economies of scale and scope is a theoryproblem, but also an empirical questions. Economies of scale depicts the relationship betweenscale and cost-benefit of farmers’ specialized co-operatives, while else economies of scopedepicts the cost-benefit status of the various services offered by co-operatives.Therefore,exploring existence of the economies of scale and scope of farmers' specialized co-operativesand testing the economies of scale and scope of farmers' specialized co-operatives. This paperalso gives a qualitative and quantitative analysis to the exsitence of economies of scale andscope in co-operatives. Study on the economies of scale and scope would provide explaintheory for the expand wave presented at present, also offer a method and for expandingboundary of the farmers’ specialized co-operatives.Finally, according to the theory and theempirical results, giving some suggestion and strategy for realizing economies of scale andscope of farmers' specialized co-operatives.
There are seven chapters in this dissertation:
Chapter1expounds the research background, purpose and significance of this study,reviewing and summarizing the research dynamic of economies of scale and scope ofco-operatives domestic and overseas, carding the train of thought, confirming the method ofthis dissertation and putting forward the possibility of innovation.
Chapter2discusses the theory basis of economies of scale and scope and details therelationship among economies of scale, economies of scope and return of scale in theeconomic theory, also summarizing the measurement function of economies of scale andscope usually used in the economics.
Chaper3uses methods of qualitative analysis the economies of scale and scope ofcooperatives. Expounds the theoretical foundation of the generation of co-operatives andanalizes the reason of generation and implication of co-operatives in view of the new classicaleconomics theory, social organization theory, industrial organization theory, market forcesequilibrium theory, transaction cost theory, system innovation theory and competition theory,discussing the existence of economies of scale from the perspective of input-output theory, thefunction of co-operatives and the transaction cost theory, also analyzing the economies ofscope undering the angle of asset specificity and famer trading pattern, which establish thetheory basis for the research of next chapter.
Chapter4uses quantitative analysis method talk about scale and scope economies forcooperatives. Concludes and compares the empirical studies of economies of scale and scopeabroad for choosing the most appropriate research method in this dissertation. The studymethods abroad defined the inputs and outputs firstly, and then using the diverse cost functionto study economies of scale and scope of co-operatives. Sorting technique for inputs andoutputs mainly includes as follows: production method, intermediary method and subdivisionmethod, taking Cobb-Douglas cost function, transcend logarithm cost function andgeneralized transcend logarithm cost function as the principal cost function. In addition, thischapter detailed the calculation formulas of overall economies of scale and scope and specificoutputs economies of scale and scope.
Chapter5empirically analyzes the economies of scale and scope mainly basis on thetheory study. Firstly, talking about the development history of famers’ specializedco-operatives in Shanxi province and representing the current situation from the angle ofoperating mechanism etc. and expliciting the issues and external environment in thedevelopment of co-operatives in Shanxi province through doing SWOT analysis. Then,choosing44friut and vegetable co-operatives which have clear paper data from77friut and vegetable co-operatives as samples for the empirical research of economies of scale and scopeby the way of transcend logarithm cost function and generalized transcend logarithm costfunction.
2million as a boundary, I divide44samples into two groups. Results shows that twogroups of co-ops have general economies of scale and scope, but product-specific economiesof scale (scope) is different. Conclusion is that the group (assets<200million yuan) shouldexpand its business scale, the second group (assets>200million yuan) has competitiverelatively and joint production among outputs which could save total cost of co-ops. The threesamples all have economies of scope, but the specialized scale and scope economy aredifferent.
Chapter6considers expansion is inevitable as realizing economies of scale ofco-operatives, and there will emerge economies of scope in this process. The next, talkingabout the economies of scale and scope in expansion and proposing the expanding boundaryis not infinite, blind expansion would result to diseconomies of scale and waste of resourcesetc. phenomenon. Therefore, there should be an effective boundary in expansion.
Finally, this chapter tries to empirically predict the effective boundary in the end.Conclusion is that the appropriate number of members of the first group is between68and100people, the appropriate number of members of the second group is between150and176people.
Chapter7rises from the study of Shanxi province to the height of the development ofco-operatives in the national. Through seeing the description of the model data as the impactfactors of inspection the economies of scale influence degree for achieving scale economystrategy, the results is that expansion can achieve economies of scale and scope. Put forwardthe suggestion and strategy for realizing economies of scale and scope from the other threeaspects of constructing innovation system, supply of talent and supporting policies in allusionto the current situation of co-operatives in China.
农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济既是一个理论研究问题，也是一个实践研究问题。规模经济刻画了农民专业合作社的规模与成本效益的关系，范围经济刻画了农民专业合作社提供多种服务的成本收益状况。首先，本文在经济理论的基础上探讨了农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的存在，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行定性分析。其次，通过获取调研样本合作社数据，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行定量分析，提出农民专业合作社的扩张具有适度边界，并对这一有效边界进行了测定和方法上的尝试。农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济研究不仅可以为目前出现的农民专业合作社扩张浪潮提供理论说明，也能为农民专业合作社扩张的合理边界提供一种研究方法上的依据和通达途径。最后，结合目前我国农民专业合作社的现实环境，提出实现我国农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济的策略。
本文主要由七章内容构成：
论文第一章阐述了农民专业合作社的研究背景、研究目的和研究意义，综述和总结了农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的国内外研究动态，梳理了本文的研究思路，确定了本文的研究方法，提出本文的可能创新之处。
论文第二章论述了规模经济和范围经济的理论基础，详细总结了经济理论中的规模经济、范围经济和规模报酬之间的联系与区别，并讨论了经济学中规模经济和范围经济的一般常用计量函数。
论文第三章是农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的定性分析。基于新古典经济学理论、社会组织理论、产业组织理论、市场力量均衡理论、交易费用理论、制度创新理论和竞争理论阐述了农民专业合作社产生的理论基础，叙述了农民专业合作社产生的原因和农民专业合作社的涵义。从投入—产出理论、农民专业合作社功能、交易成本理论的角度论述了规模经济在农民专业合作社中存在的可能性；又从资产专用性角度、农户交易模式说明了范围经济在农民专业合作社中存在的可能性，为下一章的研究内容提供了理论依据。
论文第四章是农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济的定量分析方法研究。通过对国外已有的农民专业合作社的实证研究方法进行归纳和比较，探寻和选取适宜该课题研究的方法。本章对投入—产出的分类方法定义为：生产法、中介法和细分法。此外，还详细列出了农民专业合作社的总体规模经济和特定产出规模经济、总体范围经济和特定产出范围经济的计算公式。
论文第五章主要以理论研究为基础，对农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济进行实证研究。本章首先论述了山西省农民专业合作社的发展历程，从农民专业合作社的运行机制等角度描述了样本农民专业合作社的发展现状，并对山西省农民专业合作社的发展现状进行了SWOT分析，明确了山西省农民专业合作社总体发展所面临的问题和外部环境。接下来，论文选取山西省15个县市的70家果蔬农民专业合作社中的44家调研数据较全的合作社为样本，运用超越对数成本函数和广义超越对数成本函数作为基本计量模型，研究样本农民专业合作社的规模经济和范围经济。
结论显示：样本农民专业合作社总体上存在轻微规模经济，资产规模小于200万元的样本合作社不存在规模经济，资产规模大于200万元的样本农民专业合作社存在显著规模经济；样本农民专业合作社均具有总体范围经济和特定产品范围经济，特定产品规模经济和产品互补性各不相同。
论文第六章认为实现规模经济，农民专业合作社的扩张是必然的。进一步探讨了农民专业合作社扩张的规模经济和范围经济，提出农民专业合作社的边界不可能无限扩张，盲目的扩张必然会导致规模不经济和资源的浪费等现象。那么，在扩张的过程中就必然会产生一个最适边界，这个最适边界就是农民专业合作社实现规模经济时的有效边界。最后，本章对这一最适边界进行了方法上的尝试和实证预测。
结论显示：资产规模小于200万元的样本农民专业合作社最佳社员规模为68～100人；资产规模大于200万元的样本农民专业合作社最佳社员规模为150～176人。
论文最后一章从对山西省农民专业合作社的实证研究上升到探讨全国农民专业合作社发展的高度上，通过将模型的描述性数据作为影响规模经济的因子，检验影响因子对规模经济的影响程度，指导策略制定。认为扩张是实现规模经济和范围经济的重要手段，并结合样本农民专业合作社现状，从构建创新体系、人才供给和扶持政策共四个方面提出实现规模经济和范围经济的策略。
Famers’ specialized co-operatives has gradually formed a new type famers’ specializedco-operatives based on giving priority to the household contract management andoutpus-related dual operation system, which experience the embryonic stage, underway stageand deepening development stage and so far, the farmers' organizational, specializedproduction, distribution of regional and service socialization are an important characteristicsof the new type farmers' specialized co-operatives. The agricultural modernization hasbecome the big development trend satisfied the market needs with the development of marketeconomy as deepening reform of the rural economy, meanwhile, realizing agriculturalmodernization also would start begin from cultivating and developing the efficientagricultural microstructure—farmers' specialized co-operatives. In recent years, various typesof farmers' specialized co-operatives developed fast, rising sharply, coverage and service offarmers' specialized co-operatives are also expanded rapidly, and accumulating some valuableexperience and exploring some of the good development path. But there still existsdiseconomies of scale in the prosperity process of co-operatives with the apperance of smallscattered, loose and disorderly.
Not only farmers’ specialized co-operatives economies of scale and scope is a theoryproblem, but also an empirical questions. Economies of scale depicts the relationship betweenscale and cost-benefit of farmers’ specialized co-operatives, while else economies of scopedepicts the cost-benefit status of the various services offered by co-operatives.Therefore,exploring existence of the economies of scale and scope of farmers' specialized co-operativesand testing the economies of scale and scope of farmers' specialized co-operatives. This paperalso gives a qualitative and quantitative analysis to the exsitence of economies of scale andscope in co-operatives. Study on the economies of scale and scope would provide explaintheory for the expand wave presented at present, also offer a method and for expandingboundary of the farmers’ specialized co-operatives.Finally, according to the theory and theempirical results, giving some suggestion and strategy for realizing economies of scale andscope of farmers' specialized co-operatives.
There are seven chapters in this dissertation:
Chapter1expounds the research background, purpose and significance of this study,reviewing and summarizing the research dynamic of economies of scale and scope ofco-operatives domestic and overseas, carding the train of thought, confirming the method ofthis dissertation and putting forward the possibility of innovation.
Chapter2discusses the theory basis of economies of scale and scope and details therelationship among economies of scale, economies of scope and return of scale in theeconomic theory, also summarizing the measurement function of economies of scale andscope usually used in the economics.
Chaper3uses methods of qualitative analysis the economies of scale and scope ofcooperatives. Expounds the theoretical foundation of the generation of co-operatives andanalizes the reason of generation and implication of co-operatives in view of the new classicaleconomics theory, social organization theory, industrial organization theory, market forcesequilibrium theory, transaction cost theory, system innovation theory and competition theory,discussing the existence of economies of scale from the perspective of input-output theory, thefunction of co-operatives and the transaction cost theory, also analyzing the economies ofscope undering the angle of asset specificity and famer trading pattern, which establish thetheory basis for the research of next chapter.
Chapter4uses quantitative analysis method talk about scale and scope economies forcooperatives. Concludes and compares the empirical studies of economies of scale and scopeabroad for choosing the most appropriate research method in this dissertation. The studymethods abroad defined the inputs and outputs firstly, and then using the diverse cost functionto study economies of scale and scope of co-operatives. Sorting technique for inputs andoutputs mainly includes as follows: production method, intermediary method and subdivisionmethod, taking Cobb-Douglas cost function, transcend logarithm cost function andgeneralized transcend logarithm cost function as the principal cost function. In addition, thischapter detailed the calculation formulas of overall economies of scale and scope and specificoutputs economies of scale and scope.
Chapter5empirically analyzes the economies of scale and scope mainly basis on thetheory study. Firstly, talking about the development history of famers’ specializedco-operatives in Shanxi province and representing the current situation from the angle ofoperating mechanism etc. and expliciting the issues and external environment in thedevelopment of co-operatives in Shanxi province through doing SWOT analysis. Then,choosing44friut and vegetable co-operatives which have clear paper data from77friut and vegetable co-operatives as samples for the empirical research of economies of scale and scopeby the way of transcend logarithm cost function and generalized transcend logarithm costfunction.
2million as a boundary, I divide44samples into two groups. Results shows that twogroups of co-ops have general economies of scale and scope, but product-specific economiesof scale (scope) is different. Conclusion is that the group (assets<200million yuan) shouldexpand its business scale, the second group (assets>200million yuan) has competitiverelatively and joint production among outputs which could save total cost of co-ops. The threesamples all have economies of scope, but the specialized scale and scope economy aredifferent.
Chapter6considers expansion is inevitable as realizing economies of scale ofco-operatives, and there will emerge economies of scope in this process. The next, talkingabout the economies of scale and scope in expansion and proposing the expanding boundaryis not infinite, blind expansion would result to diseconomies of scale and waste of resourcesetc. phenomenon. Therefore, there should be an effective boundary in expansion.
Finally, this chapter tries to empirically predict the effective boundary in the end.Conclusion is that the appropriate number of members of the first group is between68and100people, the appropriate number of members of the second group is between150and176people.
Chapter7rises from the study of Shanxi province to the height of the development ofco-operatives in the national. Through seeing the description of the model data as the impactfactors of inspection the economies of scale influence degree for achieving scale economystrategy, the results is that expansion can achieve economies of scale and scope. Put forwardthe suggestion and strategy for realizing economies of scale and scope from the other threeaspects of constructing innovation system, supply of talent and supporting policies in allusionto the current situation of co-operatives in China.
引文
白剑，武东轶.2010.山西省农民专业合作社发展实践.中国农民合作社，（7）：33-35
白立枕.2007.农民专业合作社发展解读.中国社会文献出版社：20-45
白鹏，郝玉斌.2008.对农民专业合作社发展研究与探索.农经研究通讯，（3）：34-48
曹立群.2001.农产品流通组织体系的重建.学术月刊，（8）：30-35
陈阿兴，崔琳.2008.论专业合作社的规模经济与范围经济.中国经济与管理科学，（12）：73-78
陈阿兴，崔琳.2009.专业合作社规模经济和范围经济发展的建议.中华合作时报，A03版
陈红儿，丁轩，丁栋红，李勇辉.2004.企业扩张方式战略选择研究.管理世界，（2）：143-144
陈小磊，郑建明.2009.基于C—D模型的信息产业细分要素对经济增长贡献分析.情报科学，27(9):1305-1310
陈训明.2011.农民专业合作社发展与品牌培育.[博士学位论文].福州：福建农林大学:8-11
党德宣，林何莺，王引斌，王伟，秦海明，陈斌，牛敏，刘爱莲.2011.山西农民专业合作社发展现状及问题初探.山西农业科学，39（5）：483-487
戴骥，葛琼.2009.规模经济问题的文献综述.经济师，（01）：52-53
丁晓正，胡正荣.2005.实现规模经济与范围经济——广电产业发展进程中的战略目标取向及其对策.视听界，（04）：13-16
杜莉，王峰，齐树天.2003.我国商业银行规模经济及其状态比较.吉林大学社会科学学报，01
范围经济.百度百科. http://baike.baidu.com/view/67194.htm [2011-11-20]
冯开文.2003.合作制度变迁与创新研究.北京：中国农业出版社：167
工厂规模经济. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E [2011-11-12]
规模经济. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E [2011-11-12]
规模经济.百度百科. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1009.htm?fr=ala0_1_1#6[2011-11-11]
规模经济理论. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA [2011-11-25]
国鲁来.1995.德国合作社制度的主要特点，中国农村经济，（06）：56-61
国鲁来.2001.合作社支付及专业协会实践的制度经济学分析.中国农村观察，（04）：36-38
国鲁来.2003.农业技术创新诱致的组织制度创新——农业专业协会在农业公共技术创新体系建设中的作用.中国农村观察，（05）：24-31
郭翔宇.2003.论合作社的定义、价值和原则.东北农业大学学报（社会科学版），（01）：29-31
韩国明，周建鹏.2008.交易费用视角下农民专业合作社的作用分析.农村经济，（12）：112-115
韩俊.2007.中国农民专业合作社调查.上海：上海世纪出版股份有限公司远东出版社：1-9
黄蕾.2007.农民专业合作经济组织发展研究：基于农业产业化经营组织的比较.南昌：江西人民出版社
黄胜忠.2007.转型时期农民专业合作社的组织行为研究：基于成员异质性的视角.[博士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学
黄祖辉.2000.农民合作：必然性、变革态势与启示.中国农村经济，（08）：4-8
霍学喜.2008.农民专业合作社功能及服务模式.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/78df196cb84ae45c3b358cc9.html [2011-11-14]
何红见.2011.范围经济研究的文献综述.现代商贸工业，（15）：112
李瑞海.2005.产业效应视角下中国企业兼并问题实证研究.[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学：97-101
李秀川.2009.山西省农民专业合作社的发展与思考.农业经济，（07）：30-31
刘开莲，罗海燕.1990.规模经济，范围经济与专业银行宏观成本管理.当代经济科学，（04）：74-75
刘婧，王征兵.2012.不同资产规模下农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济研究——基于山西省调查数据，统计与信息论坛，27（04）：107-111
刘婧，王征兵，倪细云.2011.农民专业合作社规模经济与适宜社员规模研究——以山西省为例，财贸研究，（06）：27-31
刘宗华，邹新月.2004.中国银行业的规模经济和范围经济——基于广义超越对数成本函数的检验.数量经济技术经济研究，（10）：5-15
刘宗华.2004.中国银行业的规模经济和范围经济研究.[博士学位论文].上海：复旦大学：35-71
刘明.2007.基于新竞争（力）视角的企业规模经济性研究.[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学：18-59
刘婷.2009.农民专业合作社与区域环境相互作用研究——以河南省农区为例.[博士学位论文].开封：河南大学：6
交易成本理论.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1139610.htm [2011-11-13]
农民日报.农民专业合作社享受国家哪些扶持政策.2009.5.26
蒋玉珉.1998a.当前合作运动的特征.世界经济，（05）：77.
蒋玉珉.1998b.股份合作制比较分析.当代经济研究，（04）：20-24
孔祥智，史永清，何安华.2009.当前农民专业合作社品牌建设的现状、问题与对策.中国合作经济，（9）：19-25
林坚，王宁.2002.公平与效率：合作社组织的思想宗旨及其制度安排.农业经济问题，（9）：46-49
梁怡.2009.关于农业合作社本质的经济学解释.经济研究导刊，（03）：51-52
罗必良.2000.经济组织的制度逻辑：一个理论框架及其对中国农民经济组织的应用研究.太原：山西经济出版社：1-475
吕超.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.中国集体经济.（21）：62
马丽.2010.山西省农民专业合作社发展对策研究.[硕士学位论文].太原：山西财经大学：09
马彦丽.2007.我国农民专业合作社的制度解析.北京：中国社会科学出版社：70-138
聂子龙.2000.论多元化经营与规模经济的相容性.湘潭大学社会科学学报，24（06）：90-93
平新乔.2001.微观经济学十八讲.北京：北京大学出版社：109-111
亓学太.2007.当代西方社会企业家理论的演进与创新.长春市委党校学报，（03）：20-21
邱志扬.2009.从交易费用的角度分析农民专业合作社的产生.黑龙江对外经贸，（04）：101-102
荣朝和.2001.关于运输业规模经济和范围经济的探讨.中国铁道科学，22（4）：97-104
生产函数. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0[2011-11-12]
施蔚.2007.江苏木材加工产业的规模经济问题研究.[博士学位论文].南京：南京林业大学：51
乔治·J斯蒂格勒.1975.产业组织和政府管制.1983版.潘振民译.1989.上海：上海人民出版社：1-266
宋波.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.商业文化，（08）：205
孙恒志.1985.综合投入与柯布——道格拉斯生产函数的估算.数量经济技术经济研究，（05）：42-43
孙亚范.2003.现阶段我国农民合作需求与意愿的实证研究——对江苏农户的实证调查与分析.江苏社会科学，（01）：204-208
孙亚范.2006.新型农民专业合作组织发展研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社：147-148
唐小我，慕银平，马永开.2005.柯布——道格拉斯生产函数条件下成本函数的进一步分析.中国管理科学，13（4）:1-6
腾飞，胡兆光.2003.中国发电的规模分析.中国电力，01
王晓东.2002.应用判断分析法评价企业的规模经济性.辽宁工学院学报（自然科学版），（02）：69-70
王曙光.2008.农民合作社：全要素合作、自生能力与可持续发展.农村经营管理，（11）：33-35
王宗军，曹渭.2007.企业扩张战略研究综述.当代经济，（05）：62-63
王征兵，许捷，孙浩杰.2010.国外发展农民专业合作社的经验及其借鉴——以美国、西班牙和日本为例.湖南农业大学学报（社会科学版），11（02）：61-65
威廉姆森.1985.交易成本理论.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1139610.htm [2011-11-19]
卫龙宝，卢光明.2004.农业专业合作组织实施农产品质量控制的运作机制探析——以浙江省部分农业专业合作组织为例.中国农村经济，（07）：36-45
吴斌，高遥.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.商业文化，（05）：155
武东轶.2008.农民专业合作社发展拉动现代化农业发展步伐——对山西省农民专业合作社的调查与思考.农村经营管理，（9）：33-35
夏清华，刘海虹.2002.扩张与企业增长.数量经济技术经济研究，（10）：23-26
徐旭初.2005.中国农民专业合作经济组织的制度分析.北京：经济科学出版社：100-320
许坚.2000.技术演进、企业规模与中小企业产业定位.学习与探索，（02）：30-34
亚当·斯密.1776.国富论.王亚南译.1981.北京：商务印书馆
杨峰挺，邢文珊，龚益成，朱英琦.1987.柯布—道格拉斯生产函数在地县级农业生产经济效果评价中的应用——陕西省安康地区定点调查500个农户生产经济效果评价.数量经济技术经济研究，（05）：55-59
姚传江，肖静.2004.企业兼并与边界重构：一个基于现代企业理论的分析框架.财贸研究，（01）：46-51
姚慧丽，张丽.2007.企业扩张方式演化及发展趋势.华东经济管理，（03）：103-106
应瑞瑶.2004.论农业合作社的演进趋势与现代合作社的制度内核.南京社会科学，（01）：13-18
张梅.2008.我国农村专业合作经济组织的效率研究.[博士学位论文].哈尔滨：东北农业大学：03
张梅，郭翔宇.2008.国外农业合作社发展趋势研究.西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版），8（6）：23-28
张五常.2000.经济组织与交易成本.百度文库.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7c3596e8b8f67c1cfad6b8da.html [2011-11-13]
张晓山.2003.提高农民的组织化程度积极推进农业产业化经营.农村经营管理，（02）：08-09
张勇.2009.陕西苹果专业合作社运行模式研究.[硕士学位论文].西安：西北大学：6-7
张转芳.2008.对山西省农民专业合作社发展状况的调查.中国农村金融，（10）：34-35
张忠根，王玉琳.2009.农民专业合作社的发展机遇和挑战.福建论坛·人文社会科学报，（9）：19-21
赵国杰，吴连玉，张月晨，郭春丽.2009.基于农户满意角度的农民专业合作社组织管理制度研究——以河北省清苑县高优专业合作社为例，（05）：13-16
赵一婷.2000.我国国有商业银行范围经济状态实证研究.经济纵横，（10）：23-26
周天勇.2005.重新定义范围经济.财经问题研究，（01）：5-7
Abdullahi O A, Langemeier M R, Featherstone A M.2006. Estimating economies of scope and scale underprice risk and risk aversion,38(2):191-201
Akridge J T.1989. Measuring productive efficiency in multiple product agribusiness firms: a dual approach.American journal of agricultural economics,71(1):116-125.
Aiyar S, Dalgaard C J.2009. Accounting for productivity: Is it OK to assume that the world isCobb-Douglas?. Journal of Macroeconomics,31(2):290-303
Baumol W J.1975. Scale economies, average cost, and the profitability of marginal cost pricing. C.V. StarrCenter for Applied Economics, New York University in its series Working Papers with number75-34.
Baumol W J, Panzar J C, Willig R O.1982. Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich:200-750
Baumol W J, Blinder A S.2010. Economics: principles and policy. Mason, OH: South-WesternCengage-Learing:127-155
Banker R D, Charnes A, Cooper W W.1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficienciesin data envelopment analysis. Management Science,30(9):1078-1092
Belcher A.1997. The boundaries of firm: the theories of Coase, Knight and Weitzman. Legal Studies: theJournal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law,17(1):22
Bell C R.1988. Economies of, versus Returns to, scale: a clarification. Journal of Economic Education,19(4):331-335
Blair R D, Kenny L W.1987a. Microeconomics with business applications. Canada: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,:142-157
Brown R S, Chachere G.1980. A note on the cost elasticity-scale elasticity relation. Econometrica,48(2):537-538
Cave D W, Chrestensen L, Tretheway M.1980. Flexible cost function for multiproduct firms. Review ofEconomics and Statistics.62(3):477-481
Caves D W, Christensen LR, Swanson JA.1981. Productivity growth, scale economies, and capacityutilization in US railroads,1955-1974.American Economic Review,71(5):994-1002
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Kortanek K.1962. Duality in semi-infinite programs and some works of haar andcaratheodory. Ft. Belvoir:Defense Technical Information Center, Mar:10-35
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Richard J N.1978. Management science approaches to manpower planning andorganization design. Amsterdam; New York: North-Holland Publishing Co.,:2-15
Charnes A.1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units.European. Journal of OperationalResearch,2(2):429-444
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Golany B, Seiford L, Stutz J.1985. Foundations of data envelopment analysis forpareto-koopmans efficient empirical productions functions. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical InformationCenter FEB:1-31
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Thrall R M.1986. A structure for classifying and characterizing efficiencies andinefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Austin, Tex: Center for Cybernetic Studies, College ofBusiness Administration, University of Texas at Austin
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Wei Q L, Huang Z M.1987. Cone Ratio Data envelopment analysis andmuti-objective programming. Ft. Belvoir:Defense Technical Information Center, Jan:1-32
Chavas J, Barham B, Foltz J, Kim K.2012. Analysis and decomposition of scope economies: R&D at USresearch university. Applied Economics,44(11):1387-1404
Christensen L R, Jorgenson DW, Lau L J.1973. Transcendental logarithmic production frontiers. TheReview of Economics and Statistics,55(1):28-45
Clark J A, Speaker P J.1994. Economies of scale and scope in banking: evidence from a generalizedtranslog function. Quarterly Journal of business and Economics,33(2):3-25
Coase.1937. The nature of the firm. Economica,4(16):386-405
Coase.1988. The firm, the market and the law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press:33-55
Cochrane W W, Elsworth R H.1943. Famer’s cooperative discontinuances,1975-1939,USDA,FCA, Misc.Rep.65
David M.2008. Economied of scale and scope in e-learning. Studies in Higher Education,33(3):331-343
Diewert W E.1974. Applications of duality theory, in M.D. intriligator and D.A. Kendrick. Frontiers ofQuantitative economics, Amesterdam: North-Holland:106-171
Emelianoff I V.1942. Economic theory of cooperation; economic structure of cooperative organizations.Washington, D.C.: Edwards Brothers.
Ebneth O, Theuvsen L.2005. Internationalization and corporate success-empirical evidence from theEuropean dairy sector. Paper Prepared for Presentation at the sixth International Congress of the Eaae,8:2
Enke S.1945. Consumer cooperatives and Economic efficiency. The American Economic Review,35(1):148-155
Eric J S.1982. Intermediate microeconomics. Plano, Texas: Business Publications,Inc.:269-271
Farrel M J.1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, SeriesA General,120(3):417-427
Farsi M, Fetz A, Filippini M.2008. Economies of scale and scope in muti-Utilities. The energy Journal,29(4):123-143.
French B C, Martin E D.1977. The analysis of productive efficiency in agricultural marketing: models,methods and progress: in survey of agricultural economics literature. University of Minnesta Press,Minneapolis, for the American Agricultural Economics Association,1:93.
Feathertone A M, AikheralI A A.1995. Debt and input misallocation of agricultural supply and marketingcooperatives. Applied Economics,27(9):871-878
Fuss M A, Mcfadden D.1978. Production economics: a dual approach to theory and applications,Amsterdam: North-Holland: V2
Gregory M G, Douglas W M.1996. Returns to scale and economies of scale: further observations. Journalof Economic Education,27(3):259-261
Hakchol J. Agricultural cooperativs in korea.2006.FFTC-NACF international seminar on agriculturalcooperatibes in Asia: Innobations and opportunities in the21st century, Seoul.9:1-22
Hammond J W, Cook H L.1964. Wisconsin Dairy mergers. Extent,Causes, and results,WisconsinAgr.Exp.Sta.Res. Bul,249
Hangch G.1975. The elasticity of scale and the shape of the average costs. American Economic Review,65(3):492-497
Helmberger P G, Hoos S.1962. Cooperative enterprise and organization theory. Journal of FarmEconomics,10(2):275-290
Hudson D, Cary W, Herndon B.2000. Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances inagricultural cooperatives. Department of agricultural. Economics. Research Report2000-009,9:10
Jeffrey A, Clark.1988. Economied of scale and scope at depository financial institutions: a review of theliterature. Economic Review,73(08):16-33
Joaquin D C, Naveen K.2001. Investment timing decisions under threat of potential competition: why firmsize matters. The Quarterly Review of Economic and Finance,41:1-17.
Kebede E, Schreiner D F.1996. Economies of scale in dairy marketing cooperatives in kenya，12(4):395-402
Kim H Y.1985. Economies of scale in multi-product firms: an empirical analysis. Economica,54(214):185-206
Kim H Y.1986. Economied of scale and economies of scope in mutiproduct financial institutions: furtherevidence from credit unions. Journal of Money,18(2):220-226
Kim M, Maksimovic V.1990. Debt and input misallocation. Journal of Finance,45(3):795-816
Kolari J, Zardkoohi A.1990. Economies of scale and scope in thrift institution: the case of finishcooperative and saving banks. Scand. J. of Economics,92(3):437-451
Lansink A O, Stefanou S.2001. Dynamic Area allocation and economies of scale and scope. Journal ofAgricultural Economics,52(03):38-52
Leigh D.1992. Economies of scale and scope in UK building societies: an application of the translogmultiproduct cost function. Applied Financial Economics,2:211-219
Lipsey R G, Steiner P O.1966. Economics. New York: Harper&Row:298-301
Lipsey R G, Steiner P O, Purvis D D.1966. Economics. New York: Harper&Row:61-122
Mansfield E.1983. Principles of microeconomics. New York: Norton:158-229
Mansfield E.1988. Microeconomics: theory and applications. New York: W·W·Norton&Company:176-178
McKillop D G, Glass J C, Morikawa Y.1996. The composite cost function and efficiency in giant Japanesebanks. Journal of banking and Finance,20(10):1651-1671
Mueller W F,1961. The role of megers in the growth of agricultural cooperatives, California Agr.Exp.Sta.Bul777:8-10
Murray J D, White R W.1983. Economied of scale and economies of scope in mutiproduct financialinstitutions: a study of british columbia credit unions. Journal of Dinance,38(3):887-902
Nilsson E. Kyriakopoulos K, Djjk G V.1997. Agriculatural co-operatives in the European union currentchallenges and trends. Paper presented the conference on “Rural Co-opratives in the Perspective of theIntegration with the European Union”.9:1-9
Panzer J C, Willig R O.1975. Economies of scale and economies of scope in Multi-Output Pruduction,econ.disc.paper no.33, Bell Laboratories
Panzar J C. Willig R D.1981.Economies of scope. The American Economic Review,71(2):268-272
Panzar J C, Willig R D.1977. Economies of scale in multi-output production. Quarterly Journal ofEconomies,91(3):481-94
Panzar J C, Willig R D.1982. Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. New York:Harcoury Brace Jovanovich:150-238
Parkin M.1993. Economics reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley:254-261
Pearce P.1981.The macmillan dictionary of modern economics. Lodon: The Macmillan PressLtd.,:200-260.
Pindyck R S. Rubinfeld D L.1992.Microeconomics: second edition.New York: Macmillan PublishingCompany:222.
Pol Antràs.2004. Is the U.S. aggregate production function Cobb-Douglas? new estimates of the elasticityof substitution. Contributions to Macroeconomics,4(1):1161
Pulley L B, Braunstein Y M.1992. A composite cost function for multiproduct firms with an application toeconomies of scope in banking. The Review of Economics and Statistics,74(2):221-230
Pulley L, Humphrey D.1993. The role of fixed costs and cost complementarities in determining scopeeconomies and the cost of narrow banking proposal. Journal of business,66(3):437-462
Rezvanian R, Mehdian S, Elyasiani E.1996. Economies of scale and scope in small depository institutions:evidence from U.S. cooperative banks. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,36(1):39-54
Rhodes V J.1983. The large agricultural cooperative as a competitor. American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics,65(5):1090-1095
Robert S P, Daniel L R.1992. Microeconomics:second edition. New York: Macmillan PublishingCompany:222
Riordan, M H, Williamson O E.1985. Asset specificity and economic organization. International Journalof Industrial Organization,3(4):365-378.
Ruffin R J, Paul R.1993. Gregory. Principles of microeconomics: Fifth edition. New York: Harper CollinsCollege publishes:177
Safizadeh M H. Field J M. Ritzman L P.2008. Sourcing practices and boundaries of the firm in thefinancial services industry. Strategic Management Journal,29(1):79-91
Schrader L F.1989. Economic justication.in: D.W. Cobia,ed., Cooperatives in Agriculturem Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Schroeder T C.1992. Economies of scale and scope for agricultural supply and marketing cooperatives.Reviews of Agricultural Economics,14(1):95-103
Sexton R J.1983. Economic considerations in forming consumer cooperatives and establishing pricing andfinancing polices. Journal of Consumer Affairs,17(2):290-314
Sexton R J, Wilson B M, Wann J J.1989. some tests of the economic theory of cooperatives:methodologyand application to cotton ginning. West Journal of Agricultural Economics,14(1):56-66
Smith A.1976. The wealth of nations: book1-3/Adam smith. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books
Smith A.1910. Review of the wealth of nations. The Journal of Political Economy,18(5):405
Snider T E.1989. Measuring cooperative performance: American cooperation. Washington D.C.:AmericanInstitute of Cooperation:135-137
Stuart M J.1848. Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy.LONDON, J. W. PARKER.:20-26
Vay C L.1983. Agricultural cooperative theory: a review. Journal of Agricultural Economics,34(1):1-44
SongQing Jin, Scott Rozelle, Julian Alston, Jikun Huang.2006. Economied of scale and scope and theeconomic efficiency of China’s agricultural Research system. International economic Review,46(3):1033-1057
Swanson B L.1963. Statistics of famer cooperatives,1963-1964,USDA FCS, Gen. Rep.134,14:68
Teece D.1980. Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise. Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,1(3):223-247
Tovar B, Jara D S, Trujillo L.2007. Economitric estimation of scale and scope economies within the portsector: a review. Maritime Policy&Management,34(03):203-223
Truett L J, Truett D B.1990. Regions of the production function, returns, and economies of scale: furtherconsideration. Journal of economic education,21(4):411-419.
Vassilakis S. Increasing returns and strategic behavior: the worker-firm ratio. The rand journal ofeconomics,20(4):622-636
White D, Smith A, Skinner A S, Whilson T.1976. Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations Review of an Inquiryinto the nature and causes of the wealth of nations review of essays on adam smith.Journal of thehistory of ideas,37(4):715-720
Williamson O E.1985. Assessing contract. Journal of law,Economics&organization,1(1):177-208
Williamson O E.1993.Opportunism and its critics.Management and Decision Economics,14(2):97-107
Wonnacott P, Wonnacott R J.1982.An introduction to microeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill
白立枕.2007.农民专业合作社发展解读.中国社会文献出版社：20-45
白鹏，郝玉斌.2008.对农民专业合作社发展研究与探索.农经研究通讯，（3）：34-48
曹立群.2001.农产品流通组织体系的重建.学术月刊，（8）：30-35
陈阿兴，崔琳.2008.论专业合作社的规模经济与范围经济.中国经济与管理科学，（12）：73-78
陈阿兴，崔琳.2009.专业合作社规模经济和范围经济发展的建议.中华合作时报，A03版
陈红儿，丁轩，丁栋红，李勇辉.2004.企业扩张方式战略选择研究.管理世界，（2）：143-144
陈小磊，郑建明.2009.基于C—D模型的信息产业细分要素对经济增长贡献分析.情报科学，27(9):1305-1310
陈训明.2011.农民专业合作社发展与品牌培育.[博士学位论文].福州：福建农林大学:8-11
党德宣，林何莺，王引斌，王伟，秦海明，陈斌，牛敏，刘爱莲.2011.山西农民专业合作社发展现状及问题初探.山西农业科学，39（5）：483-487
戴骥，葛琼.2009.规模经济问题的文献综述.经济师，（01）：52-53
丁晓正，胡正荣.2005.实现规模经济与范围经济——广电产业发展进程中的战略目标取向及其对策.视听界，（04）：13-16
杜莉，王峰，齐树天.2003.我国商业银行规模经济及其状态比较.吉林大学社会科学学报，01
范围经济.百度百科. http://baike.baidu.com/view/67194.htm [2011-11-20]
冯开文.2003.合作制度变迁与创新研究.北京：中国农业出版社：167
工厂规模经济. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E [2011-11-12]
规模经济. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E [2011-11-12]
规模经济.百度百科. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1009.htm?fr=ala0_1_1#6[2011-11-11]
规模经济理论. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA [2011-11-25]
国鲁来.1995.德国合作社制度的主要特点，中国农村经济，（06）：56-61
国鲁来.2001.合作社支付及专业协会实践的制度经济学分析.中国农村观察，（04）：36-38
国鲁来.2003.农业技术创新诱致的组织制度创新——农业专业协会在农业公共技术创新体系建设中的作用.中国农村观察，（05）：24-31
郭翔宇.2003.论合作社的定义、价值和原则.东北农业大学学报（社会科学版），（01）：29-31
韩国明，周建鹏.2008.交易费用视角下农民专业合作社的作用分析.农村经济，（12）：112-115
韩俊.2007.中国农民专业合作社调查.上海：上海世纪出版股份有限公司远东出版社：1-9
黄蕾.2007.农民专业合作经济组织发展研究：基于农业产业化经营组织的比较.南昌：江西人民出版社
黄胜忠.2007.转型时期农民专业合作社的组织行为研究：基于成员异质性的视角.[博士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学
黄祖辉.2000.农民合作：必然性、变革态势与启示.中国农村经济，（08）：4-8
霍学喜.2008.农民专业合作社功能及服务模式.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/78df196cb84ae45c3b358cc9.html [2011-11-14]
何红见.2011.范围经济研究的文献综述.现代商贸工业，（15）：112
李瑞海.2005.产业效应视角下中国企业兼并问题实证研究.[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学：97-101
李秀川.2009.山西省农民专业合作社的发展与思考.农业经济，（07）：30-31
刘开莲，罗海燕.1990.规模经济，范围经济与专业银行宏观成本管理.当代经济科学，（04）：74-75
刘婧，王征兵.2012.不同资产规模下农民专业合作社规模经济和范围经济研究——基于山西省调查数据，统计与信息论坛，27（04）：107-111
刘婧，王征兵，倪细云.2011.农民专业合作社规模经济与适宜社员规模研究——以山西省为例，财贸研究，（06）：27-31
刘宗华，邹新月.2004.中国银行业的规模经济和范围经济——基于广义超越对数成本函数的检验.数量经济技术经济研究，（10）：5-15
刘宗华.2004.中国银行业的规模经济和范围经济研究.[博士学位论文].上海：复旦大学：35-71
刘明.2007.基于新竞争（力）视角的企业规模经济性研究.[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学：18-59
刘婷.2009.农民专业合作社与区域环境相互作用研究——以河南省农区为例.[博士学位论文].开封：河南大学：6
交易成本理论.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1139610.htm [2011-11-13]
农民日报.农民专业合作社享受国家哪些扶持政策.2009.5.26
蒋玉珉.1998a.当前合作运动的特征.世界经济，（05）：77.
蒋玉珉.1998b.股份合作制比较分析.当代经济研究，（04）：20-24
孔祥智，史永清，何安华.2009.当前农民专业合作社品牌建设的现状、问题与对策.中国合作经济，（9）：19-25
林坚，王宁.2002.公平与效率：合作社组织的思想宗旨及其制度安排.农业经济问题，（9）：46-49
梁怡.2009.关于农业合作社本质的经济学解释.经济研究导刊，（03）：51-52
罗必良.2000.经济组织的制度逻辑：一个理论框架及其对中国农民经济组织的应用研究.太原：山西经济出版社：1-475
吕超.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.中国集体经济.（21）：62
马丽.2010.山西省农民专业合作社发展对策研究.[硕士学位论文].太原：山西财经大学：09
马彦丽.2007.我国农民专业合作社的制度解析.北京：中国社会科学出版社：70-138
聂子龙.2000.论多元化经营与规模经济的相容性.湘潭大学社会科学学报，24（06）：90-93
平新乔.2001.微观经济学十八讲.北京：北京大学出版社：109-111
亓学太.2007.当代西方社会企业家理论的演进与创新.长春市委党校学报，（03）：20-21
邱志扬.2009.从交易费用的角度分析农民专业合作社的产生.黑龙江对外经贸，（04）：101-102
荣朝和.2001.关于运输业规模经济和范围经济的探讨.中国铁道科学，22（4）：97-104
生产函数. MBA智库百科.http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0[2011-11-12]
施蔚.2007.江苏木材加工产业的规模经济问题研究.[博士学位论文].南京：南京林业大学：51
乔治·J斯蒂格勒.1975.产业组织和政府管制.1983版.潘振民译.1989.上海：上海人民出版社：1-266
宋波.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.商业文化，（08）：205
孙恒志.1985.综合投入与柯布——道格拉斯生产函数的估算.数量经济技术经济研究，（05）：42-43
孙亚范.2003.现阶段我国农民合作需求与意愿的实证研究——对江苏农户的实证调查与分析.江苏社会科学，（01）：204-208
孙亚范.2006.新型农民专业合作组织发展研究.北京：社会科学文献出版社：147-148
唐小我，慕银平，马永开.2005.柯布——道格拉斯生产函数条件下成本函数的进一步分析.中国管理科学，13（4）:1-6
腾飞，胡兆光.2003.中国发电的规模分析.中国电力，01
王晓东.2002.应用判断分析法评价企业的规模经济性.辽宁工学院学报（自然科学版），（02）：69-70
王曙光.2008.农民合作社：全要素合作、自生能力与可持续发展.农村经营管理，（11）：33-35
王宗军，曹渭.2007.企业扩张战略研究综述.当代经济，（05）：62-63
王征兵，许捷，孙浩杰.2010.国外发展农民专业合作社的经验及其借鉴——以美国、西班牙和日本为例.湖南农业大学学报（社会科学版），11（02）：61-65
威廉姆森.1985.交易成本理论.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1139610.htm [2011-11-19]
卫龙宝，卢光明.2004.农业专业合作组织实施农产品质量控制的运作机制探析——以浙江省部分农业专业合作组织为例.中国农村经济，（07）：36-45
吴斌，高遥.2011.关于范围经济的文献综述.商业文化，（05）：155
武东轶.2008.农民专业合作社发展拉动现代化农业发展步伐——对山西省农民专业合作社的调查与思考.农村经营管理，（9）：33-35
夏清华，刘海虹.2002.扩张与企业增长.数量经济技术经济研究，（10）：23-26
徐旭初.2005.中国农民专业合作经济组织的制度分析.北京：经济科学出版社：100-320
许坚.2000.技术演进、企业规模与中小企业产业定位.学习与探索，（02）：30-34
亚当·斯密.1776.国富论.王亚南译.1981.北京：商务印书馆
杨峰挺，邢文珊，龚益成，朱英琦.1987.柯布—道格拉斯生产函数在地县级农业生产经济效果评价中的应用——陕西省安康地区定点调查500个农户生产经济效果评价.数量经济技术经济研究，（05）：55-59
姚传江，肖静.2004.企业兼并与边界重构：一个基于现代企业理论的分析框架.财贸研究，（01）：46-51
姚慧丽，张丽.2007.企业扩张方式演化及发展趋势.华东经济管理，（03）：103-106
应瑞瑶.2004.论农业合作社的演进趋势与现代合作社的制度内核.南京社会科学，（01）：13-18
张梅.2008.我国农村专业合作经济组织的效率研究.[博士学位论文].哈尔滨：东北农业大学：03
张梅，郭翔宇.2008.国外农业合作社发展趋势研究.西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版），8（6）：23-28
张五常.2000.经济组织与交易成本.百度文库.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7c3596e8b8f67c1cfad6b8da.html [2011-11-13]
张晓山.2003.提高农民的组织化程度积极推进农业产业化经营.农村经营管理，（02）：08-09
张勇.2009.陕西苹果专业合作社运行模式研究.[硕士学位论文].西安：西北大学：6-7
张转芳.2008.对山西省农民专业合作社发展状况的调查.中国农村金融，（10）：34-35
张忠根，王玉琳.2009.农民专业合作社的发展机遇和挑战.福建论坛·人文社会科学报，（9）：19-21
赵国杰，吴连玉，张月晨，郭春丽.2009.基于农户满意角度的农民专业合作社组织管理制度研究——以河北省清苑县高优专业合作社为例，（05）：13-16
赵一婷.2000.我国国有商业银行范围经济状态实证研究.经济纵横，（10）：23-26
周天勇.2005.重新定义范围经济.财经问题研究，（01）：5-7
Abdullahi O A, Langemeier M R, Featherstone A M.2006. Estimating economies of scope and scale underprice risk and risk aversion,38(2):191-201
Akridge J T.1989. Measuring productive efficiency in multiple product agribusiness firms: a dual approach.American journal of agricultural economics,71(1):116-125.
Aiyar S, Dalgaard C J.2009. Accounting for productivity: Is it OK to assume that the world isCobb-Douglas?. Journal of Macroeconomics,31(2):290-303
Baumol W J.1975. Scale economies, average cost, and the profitability of marginal cost pricing. C.V. StarrCenter for Applied Economics, New York University in its series Working Papers with number75-34.
Baumol W J, Panzar J C, Willig R O.1982. Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich:200-750
Baumol W J, Blinder A S.2010. Economics: principles and policy. Mason, OH: South-WesternCengage-Learing:127-155
Banker R D, Charnes A, Cooper W W.1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficienciesin data envelopment analysis. Management Science,30(9):1078-1092
Belcher A.1997. The boundaries of firm: the theories of Coase, Knight and Weitzman. Legal Studies: theJournal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law,17(1):22
Bell C R.1988. Economies of, versus Returns to, scale: a clarification. Journal of Economic Education,19(4):331-335
Blair R D, Kenny L W.1987a. Microeconomics with business applications. Canada: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,:142-157
Brown R S, Chachere G.1980. A note on the cost elasticity-scale elasticity relation. Econometrica,48(2):537-538
Cave D W, Chrestensen L, Tretheway M.1980. Flexible cost function for multiproduct firms. Review ofEconomics and Statistics.62(3):477-481
Caves D W, Christensen LR, Swanson JA.1981. Productivity growth, scale economies, and capacityutilization in US railroads,1955-1974.American Economic Review,71(5):994-1002
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Kortanek K.1962. Duality in semi-infinite programs and some works of haar andcaratheodory. Ft. Belvoir:Defense Technical Information Center, Mar:10-35
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Richard J N.1978. Management science approaches to manpower planning andorganization design. Amsterdam; New York: North-Holland Publishing Co.,:2-15
Charnes A.1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units.European. Journal of OperationalResearch,2(2):429-444
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Golany B, Seiford L, Stutz J.1985. Foundations of data envelopment analysis forpareto-koopmans efficient empirical productions functions. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical InformationCenter FEB:1-31
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Thrall R M.1986. A structure for classifying and characterizing efficiencies andinefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Austin, Tex: Center for Cybernetic Studies, College ofBusiness Administration, University of Texas at Austin
Charnes A, Cooper W W, Wei Q L, Huang Z M.1987. Cone Ratio Data envelopment analysis andmuti-objective programming. Ft. Belvoir:Defense Technical Information Center, Jan:1-32
Chavas J, Barham B, Foltz J, Kim K.2012. Analysis and decomposition of scope economies: R&D at USresearch university. Applied Economics,44(11):1387-1404
Christensen L R, Jorgenson DW, Lau L J.1973. Transcendental logarithmic production frontiers. TheReview of Economics and Statistics,55(1):28-45
Clark J A, Speaker P J.1994. Economies of scale and scope in banking: evidence from a generalizedtranslog function. Quarterly Journal of business and Economics,33(2):3-25
Coase.1937. The nature of the firm. Economica,4(16):386-405
Coase.1988. The firm, the market and the law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press:33-55
Cochrane W W, Elsworth R H.1943. Famer’s cooperative discontinuances,1975-1939,USDA,FCA, Misc.Rep.65
David M.2008. Economied of scale and scope in e-learning. Studies in Higher Education,33(3):331-343
Diewert W E.1974. Applications of duality theory, in M.D. intriligator and D.A. Kendrick. Frontiers ofQuantitative economics, Amesterdam: North-Holland:106-171
Emelianoff I V.1942. Economic theory of cooperation; economic structure of cooperative organizations.Washington, D.C.: Edwards Brothers.
Ebneth O, Theuvsen L.2005. Internationalization and corporate success-empirical evidence from theEuropean dairy sector. Paper Prepared for Presentation at the sixth International Congress of the Eaae,8:2
Enke S.1945. Consumer cooperatives and Economic efficiency. The American Economic Review,35(1):148-155
Eric J S.1982. Intermediate microeconomics. Plano, Texas: Business Publications,Inc.:269-271
Farrel M J.1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, SeriesA General,120(3):417-427
Farsi M, Fetz A, Filippini M.2008. Economies of scale and scope in muti-Utilities. The energy Journal,29(4):123-143.
French B C, Martin E D.1977. The analysis of productive efficiency in agricultural marketing: models,methods and progress: in survey of agricultural economics literature. University of Minnesta Press,Minneapolis, for the American Agricultural Economics Association,1:93.
Feathertone A M, AikheralI A A.1995. Debt and input misallocation of agricultural supply and marketingcooperatives. Applied Economics,27(9):871-878
Fuss M A, Mcfadden D.1978. Production economics: a dual approach to theory and applications,Amsterdam: North-Holland: V2
Gregory M G, Douglas W M.1996. Returns to scale and economies of scale: further observations. Journalof Economic Education,27(3):259-261
Hakchol J. Agricultural cooperativs in korea.2006.FFTC-NACF international seminar on agriculturalcooperatibes in Asia: Innobations and opportunities in the21st century, Seoul.9:1-22
Hammond J W, Cook H L.1964. Wisconsin Dairy mergers. Extent,Causes, and results,WisconsinAgr.Exp.Sta.Res. Bul,249
Hangch G.1975. The elasticity of scale and the shape of the average costs. American Economic Review,65(3):492-497
Helmberger P G, Hoos S.1962. Cooperative enterprise and organization theory. Journal of FarmEconomics,10(2):275-290
Hudson D, Cary W, Herndon B.2000. Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances inagricultural cooperatives. Department of agricultural. Economics. Research Report2000-009,9:10
Jeffrey A, Clark.1988. Economied of scale and scope at depository financial institutions: a review of theliterature. Economic Review,73(08):16-33
Joaquin D C, Naveen K.2001. Investment timing decisions under threat of potential competition: why firmsize matters. The Quarterly Review of Economic and Finance,41:1-17.
Kebede E, Schreiner D F.1996. Economies of scale in dairy marketing cooperatives in kenya，12(4):395-402
Kim H Y.1985. Economies of scale in multi-product firms: an empirical analysis. Economica,54(214):185-206
Kim H Y.1986. Economied of scale and economies of scope in mutiproduct financial institutions: furtherevidence from credit unions. Journal of Money,18(2):220-226
Kim M, Maksimovic V.1990. Debt and input misallocation. Journal of Finance,45(3):795-816
Kolari J, Zardkoohi A.1990. Economies of scale and scope in thrift institution: the case of finishcooperative and saving banks. Scand. J. of Economics,92(3):437-451
Lansink A O, Stefanou S.2001. Dynamic Area allocation and economies of scale and scope. Journal ofAgricultural Economics,52(03):38-52
Leigh D.1992. Economies of scale and scope in UK building societies: an application of the translogmultiproduct cost function. Applied Financial Economics,2:211-219
Lipsey R G, Steiner P O.1966. Economics. New York: Harper&Row:298-301
Lipsey R G, Steiner P O, Purvis D D.1966. Economics. New York: Harper&Row:61-122
Mansfield E.1983. Principles of microeconomics. New York: Norton:158-229
Mansfield E.1988. Microeconomics: theory and applications. New York: W·W·Norton&Company:176-178
McKillop D G, Glass J C, Morikawa Y.1996. The composite cost function and efficiency in giant Japanesebanks. Journal of banking and Finance,20(10):1651-1671
Mueller W F,1961. The role of megers in the growth of agricultural cooperatives, California Agr.Exp.Sta.Bul777:8-10
Murray J D, White R W.1983. Economied of scale and economies of scope in mutiproduct financialinstitutions: a study of british columbia credit unions. Journal of Dinance,38(3):887-902
Nilsson E. Kyriakopoulos K, Djjk G V.1997. Agriculatural co-operatives in the European union currentchallenges and trends. Paper presented the conference on “Rural Co-opratives in the Perspective of theIntegration with the European Union”.9:1-9
Panzer J C, Willig R O.1975. Economies of scale and economies of scope in Multi-Output Pruduction,econ.disc.paper no.33, Bell Laboratories
Panzar J C. Willig R D.1981.Economies of scope. The American Economic Review,71(2):268-272
Panzar J C, Willig R D.1977. Economies of scale in multi-output production. Quarterly Journal ofEconomies,91(3):481-94
Panzar J C, Willig R D.1982. Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. New York:Harcoury Brace Jovanovich:150-238
Parkin M.1993. Economics reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley:254-261
Pearce P.1981.The macmillan dictionary of modern economics. Lodon: The Macmillan PressLtd.,:200-260.
Pindyck R S. Rubinfeld D L.1992.Microeconomics: second edition.New York: Macmillan PublishingCompany:222.
Pol Antràs.2004. Is the U.S. aggregate production function Cobb-Douglas? new estimates of the elasticityof substitution. Contributions to Macroeconomics,4(1):1161
Pulley L B, Braunstein Y M.1992. A composite cost function for multiproduct firms with an application toeconomies of scope in banking. The Review of Economics and Statistics,74(2):221-230
Pulley L, Humphrey D.1993. The role of fixed costs and cost complementarities in determining scopeeconomies and the cost of narrow banking proposal. Journal of business,66(3):437-462
Rezvanian R, Mehdian S, Elyasiani E.1996. Economies of scale and scope in small depository institutions:evidence from U.S. cooperative banks. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,36(1):39-54
Rhodes V J.1983. The large agricultural cooperative as a competitor. American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics,65(5):1090-1095
Robert S P, Daniel L R.1992. Microeconomics:second edition. New York: Macmillan PublishingCompany:222
Riordan, M H, Williamson O E.1985. Asset specificity and economic organization. International Journalof Industrial Organization,3(4):365-378.
Ruffin R J, Paul R.1993. Gregory. Principles of microeconomics: Fifth edition. New York: Harper CollinsCollege publishes:177
Safizadeh M H. Field J M. Ritzman L P.2008. Sourcing practices and boundaries of the firm in thefinancial services industry. Strategic Management Journal,29(1):79-91
Schrader L F.1989. Economic justication.in: D.W. Cobia,ed., Cooperatives in Agriculturem Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Schroeder T C.1992. Economies of scale and scope for agricultural supply and marketing cooperatives.Reviews of Agricultural Economics,14(1):95-103
Sexton R J.1983. Economic considerations in forming consumer cooperatives and establishing pricing andfinancing polices. Journal of Consumer Affairs,17(2):290-314
Sexton R J, Wilson B M, Wann J J.1989. some tests of the economic theory of cooperatives:methodologyand application to cotton ginning. West Journal of Agricultural Economics,14(1):56-66
Smith A.1976. The wealth of nations: book1-3/Adam smith. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books
Smith A.1910. Review of the wealth of nations. The Journal of Political Economy,18(5):405
Snider T E.1989. Measuring cooperative performance: American cooperation. Washington D.C.:AmericanInstitute of Cooperation:135-137
Stuart M J.1848. Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy.LONDON, J. W. PARKER.:20-26
Vay C L.1983. Agricultural cooperative theory: a review. Journal of Agricultural Economics,34(1):1-44
SongQing Jin, Scott Rozelle, Julian Alston, Jikun Huang.2006. Economied of scale and scope and theeconomic efficiency of China’s agricultural Research system. International economic Review,46(3):1033-1057
Swanson B L.1963. Statistics of famer cooperatives,1963-1964,USDA FCS, Gen. Rep.134,14:68
Teece D.1980. Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise. Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,1(3):223-247
Tovar B, Jara D S, Trujillo L.2007. Economitric estimation of scale and scope economies within the portsector: a review. Maritime Policy&Management,34(03):203-223
Truett L J, Truett D B.1990. Regions of the production function, returns, and economies of scale: furtherconsideration. Journal of economic education,21(4):411-419.
Vassilakis S. Increasing returns and strategic behavior: the worker-firm ratio. The rand journal ofeconomics,20(4):622-636
White D, Smith A, Skinner A S, Whilson T.1976. Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations Review of an Inquiryinto the nature and causes of the wealth of nations review of essays on adam smith.Journal of thehistory of ideas,37(4):715-720
Williamson O E.1985. Assessing contract. Journal of law,Economics&organization,1(1):177-208
Williamson O E.1993.Opportunism and its critics.Management and Decision Economics,14(2):97-107
Wonnacott P, Wonnacott R J.1982.An introduction to microeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |