黑龙江省区域生态效率评价研究
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摘要
伴随着经济高速发展,科技进步日新月异、人民物质生活不断改善的同时、其所带来的周边环境恶化与生态系统破坏的问题也日趋严重,如何避免因经济发展而损害环境利益的问题,已经被提到议事日程上来。黑龙江省在其建设生态大省的过程中,注重资源节约和生态环境保护问题,并在其具体发展过程中实施了诸如大力发展循环经济,开展资源循环利用,推行清洁生产等措施,这些措施的实际执行效果如何,需要对其资源的投入和环境产出的效率等方面进行科学合理的定量评价。生态效率作为一种有效评价和管理的手段,可以综合地反映和评价黑龙江省在其建设生态大省中的实际效率状况。但是关于生态效率的评价理论和评价方法,目前不够系统和成熟,理论界和实务界远未达成一致性的观点,尤其在评价方法方面,大家还没有达成共识。因此深入系统的研究生态效率评价理论和评价方法在当前具有重大理论与现实意义。
本文以生态效率评价研究为中心,以黑龙江省为例,研究了生态效率的内涵及与其相关概念之间的关系,提出了生态效率的评价基本框架,设计了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系,分析了生态效率评价的理论模型方法,并对黑龙江省的13市地的生态效率进行实证分析,针对分析的结果提出促进区域生态效率提高的对策和建议。具体内容如下：
界定了效率及生态效率的内涵,分析了生态效率与物质减量化、循环经济、经济增长、环境负荷、能源效率及帕累托效率等概念之间的联系与区别。研究了生态效率评价的相关理论,包括效率与公平理论、资源经济学理论、环境经济学理论、生态经济学理论、可持续发展经济学理论等,这些理论构成了生态效率评价分析的理论基础。同时从生态效率评价主体、评价客体、评价目标、评价指标、评价方法、评价标准等六个方面建立了生态效率评价研究的基本框架,为后续生态效率的评价与测度建立了理论基础。
提出了全要素和偏要素两种视角下的生态效率评价方法。在全要素视角下在引入Kuosmanen和Kortelainen等人提出的基于DEA和MPI的生态效率评价过程和思路；在偏要素视角下,提出了基于PFE和PFEPI的偏要素生态效率评价方法。全要素与偏要素两种视角的结合使生态效率的评价更加全面深入和具体。
设计了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系。在深入分析黑龙江省经济、资源和环境现状的基础上,结合黑龙江省的具体情况,阐述了生态效率评价指标所具有的特殊性,研究了生态效率评价指标设计的依据和应遵循的原则,最后从经济、资源和环境三个方面选取了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系。
在全要素和偏要素视角下对黑龙江省13个市地的生态效率进行了具体的实证分析。其中在全要素视角下运用DEA和MPI的模型进行评价,结果得出黑龙江省生态效率总体平均水平不高,而且还呈现下降的趋势；在偏要素视角下运用PFE和PFEPI进行评价,结果进一步发现,导致黑龙江省生态效率技术无效的地区的原因不大相同,但多数地区都是由于在废水、废气和固废等偏要素生态效率的相对低下所致；导致全省13市地MPI未能提升的主要因素在于各地的废气和固废的PFEPI的下降所致。
最后在针对实证分析的结果,从企业层面、产业结构层面、政府层面及公众参与层面入手,提出了改善黑龙江省生态效率的若干途径,从而推动黑龙江省建设生态大省和两型社会的步伐。
With great changes having taken palace in areas of Economic development, scientific and technological innovation as well as material and cultural life of the people, the problems of environment worse and destroying the ecological system that arise from those changes have become even heavily. So how to avoid the problem of harming the interest of environment caused by the economic development has been placed on the agenda. During the construction of ecological province, Heilongjiang province has not only paid more attention to economizing resource and protecting environment, but also implemented such measures as Pursuing Clean Production and developing the Recycling Economy to ease the contradiction between resources and environment. While what are the effects of those measures and how to evaluate the efficiencies between the resources inputted and environmental impact outcomes require scientific and reasonable quantitative evaluation. Being an efficient management and evaluating method, eco-efficiency can comprehensively and evaluate the performance of ecological construction reflect the actual conditions of outcome for Heilongjiang province. However, the methods and theories about eco-efficiency have not formed relatively mature and systemic; yet there is no common understanding between the academic and practical departments, especially for the assessing methods. So it is of great theoretical and practical implications for us to carry out deepen and systematic evaluating theories for eco-efficiency.
Eco-efficiency for central and taking the example of Heilongjiang province, the article defines the connotation of eco-efficiency and some related concepts, gives the basic frame of evaluating eco-efficiency, designs the index system for eco-efficiency evaluating, analyses the theoretical model and carries out the empirical analyses to the13areas in Heilongjiang province. At last advices and count measures aiming at prompting the enhancement of Heilongjiang province are put forward.
This paper defines the connotation of eco-efficiency and efficiency, analyzing the relation and difference of the concepts among eco-efficiency, dematerialization, and circular economy, the growth of economy, environmental load, energy efficiency and Pareto efficiency. The theoretical basis about the appraisal of eco-efficiency is discussed, including of the efficiency and fairness theory, resource economics theory, environmental economics theory, ecological economics theory, economics theory of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the basic frame of eco-efficiency evaluation is established from the aspects of subject, object, aim, index methods and standards of eco-efficiency evaluation, which sets the foundation for the evaluation and measurement of eco-efficiency.
Method oriented of total factor and partial factor perspectives are proposed in the article. The ideas and process of evaluating the eco-efficiency based on DEA and MPI developed by Kuosmanen and Kortelainen are introduced under the perspective of total factor. While the method of PFE and PFEPI are then formed by the paper under the partial factor perspective. The combination of total factor and partial factor make the eco-efficiency evaluating more comprehensive and concretely.
This paper constructs the evaluation index system of eco-efficiency for Heilongjiang Province. Based on deeply analyzing the status quo of economics, resources and environments of Heilongjiang province and integrating the concrete conditions of the province, the paper firstly describes the particularity of eco-efficiency index evaluated, and then discusses the following principles of establishing the index system, and at last constructs the evaluation index system of eco-efficiency for Heilongjiang Province from the perspectives of economics, resources and environments.
Empirical analyses are carried out for13areas in Heilongjiang province under the perspective of total factor and partial factor. The results that under the total factor perspective shows that the overall efficiency of Heilongjiang province is not high and takes on an declining trend. Further more, according to the results of partial factor perspective analyses, the paper finds that the reasons that lead to inefficiency of Heilongjiang province ecological production is variant; but for most areas, it is the relatively low PFE of waste water, waste gas and solid waste that impede the enhancement of eco-efficiency of Heilongjiang province. As for the decreasing of13areas'MPI, it is mainly attributed to the declining of waste gas and solid waste's PFEPI.
At last, pointing to the results of empirical analyses, the article proposes some improving countermeasures and methods from the levels of enterprises, industry mix, government and public participating, so as to push the construction of ecological province and building a resource thrift and environment friendly society.
本文以生态效率评价研究为中心,以黑龙江省为例,研究了生态效率的内涵及与其相关概念之间的关系,提出了生态效率的评价基本框架,设计了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系,分析了生态效率评价的理论模型方法,并对黑龙江省的13市地的生态效率进行实证分析,针对分析的结果提出促进区域生态效率提高的对策和建议。具体内容如下：
界定了效率及生态效率的内涵,分析了生态效率与物质减量化、循环经济、经济增长、环境负荷、能源效率及帕累托效率等概念之间的联系与区别。研究了生态效率评价的相关理论,包括效率与公平理论、资源经济学理论、环境经济学理论、生态经济学理论、可持续发展经济学理论等,这些理论构成了生态效率评价分析的理论基础。同时从生态效率评价主体、评价客体、评价目标、评价指标、评价方法、评价标准等六个方面建立了生态效率评价研究的基本框架,为后续生态效率的评价与测度建立了理论基础。
提出了全要素和偏要素两种视角下的生态效率评价方法。在全要素视角下在引入Kuosmanen和Kortelainen等人提出的基于DEA和MPI的生态效率评价过程和思路；在偏要素视角下,提出了基于PFE和PFEPI的偏要素生态效率评价方法。全要素与偏要素两种视角的结合使生态效率的评价更加全面深入和具体。
设计了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系。在深入分析黑龙江省经济、资源和环境现状的基础上,结合黑龙江省的具体情况,阐述了生态效率评价指标所具有的特殊性,研究了生态效率评价指标设计的依据和应遵循的原则,最后从经济、资源和环境三个方面选取了黑龙江省生态效率评价指标体系。
在全要素和偏要素视角下对黑龙江省13个市地的生态效率进行了具体的实证分析。其中在全要素视角下运用DEA和MPI的模型进行评价,结果得出黑龙江省生态效率总体平均水平不高,而且还呈现下降的趋势；在偏要素视角下运用PFE和PFEPI进行评价,结果进一步发现,导致黑龙江省生态效率技术无效的地区的原因不大相同,但多数地区都是由于在废水、废气和固废等偏要素生态效率的相对低下所致；导致全省13市地MPI未能提升的主要因素在于各地的废气和固废的PFEPI的下降所致。
最后在针对实证分析的结果,从企业层面、产业结构层面、政府层面及公众参与层面入手,提出了改善黑龙江省生态效率的若干途径,从而推动黑龙江省建设生态大省和两型社会的步伐。
With great changes having taken palace in areas of Economic development, scientific and technological innovation as well as material and cultural life of the people, the problems of environment worse and destroying the ecological system that arise from those changes have become even heavily. So how to avoid the problem of harming the interest of environment caused by the economic development has been placed on the agenda. During the construction of ecological province, Heilongjiang province has not only paid more attention to economizing resource and protecting environment, but also implemented such measures as Pursuing Clean Production and developing the Recycling Economy to ease the contradiction between resources and environment. While what are the effects of those measures and how to evaluate the efficiencies between the resources inputted and environmental impact outcomes require scientific and reasonable quantitative evaluation. Being an efficient management and evaluating method, eco-efficiency can comprehensively and evaluate the performance of ecological construction reflect the actual conditions of outcome for Heilongjiang province. However, the methods and theories about eco-efficiency have not formed relatively mature and systemic; yet there is no common understanding between the academic and practical departments, especially for the assessing methods. So it is of great theoretical and practical implications for us to carry out deepen and systematic evaluating theories for eco-efficiency.
Eco-efficiency for central and taking the example of Heilongjiang province, the article defines the connotation of eco-efficiency and some related concepts, gives the basic frame of evaluating eco-efficiency, designs the index system for eco-efficiency evaluating, analyses the theoretical model and carries out the empirical analyses to the13areas in Heilongjiang province. At last advices and count measures aiming at prompting the enhancement of Heilongjiang province are put forward.
This paper defines the connotation of eco-efficiency and efficiency, analyzing the relation and difference of the concepts among eco-efficiency, dematerialization, and circular economy, the growth of economy, environmental load, energy efficiency and Pareto efficiency. The theoretical basis about the appraisal of eco-efficiency is discussed, including of the efficiency and fairness theory, resource economics theory, environmental economics theory, ecological economics theory, economics theory of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the basic frame of eco-efficiency evaluation is established from the aspects of subject, object, aim, index methods and standards of eco-efficiency evaluation, which sets the foundation for the evaluation and measurement of eco-efficiency.
Method oriented of total factor and partial factor perspectives are proposed in the article. The ideas and process of evaluating the eco-efficiency based on DEA and MPI developed by Kuosmanen and Kortelainen are introduced under the perspective of total factor. While the method of PFE and PFEPI are then formed by the paper under the partial factor perspective. The combination of total factor and partial factor make the eco-efficiency evaluating more comprehensive and concretely.
This paper constructs the evaluation index system of eco-efficiency for Heilongjiang Province. Based on deeply analyzing the status quo of economics, resources and environments of Heilongjiang province and integrating the concrete conditions of the province, the paper firstly describes the particularity of eco-efficiency index evaluated, and then discusses the following principles of establishing the index system, and at last constructs the evaluation index system of eco-efficiency for Heilongjiang Province from the perspectives of economics, resources and environments.
Empirical analyses are carried out for13areas in Heilongjiang province under the perspective of total factor and partial factor. The results that under the total factor perspective shows that the overall efficiency of Heilongjiang province is not high and takes on an declining trend. Further more, according to the results of partial factor perspective analyses, the paper finds that the reasons that lead to inefficiency of Heilongjiang province ecological production is variant; but for most areas, it is the relatively low PFE of waste water, waste gas and solid waste that impede the enhancement of eco-efficiency of Heilongjiang province. As for the decreasing of13areas'MPI, it is mainly attributed to the declining of waste gas and solid waste's PFEPI.
At last, pointing to the results of empirical analyses, the article proposes some improving countermeasures and methods from the levels of enterprises, industry mix, government and public participating, so as to push the construction of ecological province and building a resource thrift and environment friendly society.
引文
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