林业资源信息云计算服务体系研究
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摘要
本研究以云计算的关键理论和技术为基础，针对我国林业资源信息管理与服务目前存在和面临的主要问题，构建了林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构，进而研究了体系架构的核心内容和技术思路，并以“全国林业资源一张图”服务系统为案例，对架构内容和技术进行了原型验证，主要内容和成果如下：
（1）林业资源信息云计算服务。基于对林业资源、林业资源信息和林业资源信息服务的界定和特性分析，结合对林业资源信息服务模式的设计，明确了林业资源信息云计算服务的内涵：通过林业网络为林业用户按需、自助、动态地提供4种服务资源（基础设施服务、数据服务、平台服务和应用服务），这些服务资源对应于4个服务模型：基础设施服务（IaaS）、数据资源服务（DaaS）、平台服务（PaaS）和应用服务（SaaS），并从架构层次、部署模式、角色分配和价值体现等4个方面对其特征进行了分析。
（2）林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构。采用“层架构模式”和林业资源信息云计算服务架构设计元模型，构建了林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构（FRI-C2SA），包括3个维度：4个服务层次（IaaS层、DaaS层、PaaS层和SaaS层）；5类IT业务应用系统构建模式（传统、基于IaaS、基于DaaS、基于PaaS和基于SaaS的）；4类服务支撑环境（云计算服务的标准规范、安全管理、目录与订阅管理和运维管理）。同时，提出了一种林业资源信息云计算服务节点分布式协同部署模式，为FRI-C2SA的高效性、灵活性、自动化和可扩展性提供支撑。
（3）林业资源信息云计算基础设施与环境。在林业资源信息云计算基础设施与环境框架下，研究了计算资源池、存储资源池和网络资源池的构建模式，有效构建虚拟资源池；研究了林业资源信息全局统一资源池管理框架和虚拟机集群部署模式，对虚拟资源进行有效监控、管理、控制、协调和调度；提出通过构建林业资源信息云计算设施服务中心，为各类林业云计算应用系统和用户提供可伸缩、高可用和可扩展的基础设施资源和环境。
（4）林业资源数据云存储与管理技术。在林业资源数据云存储与管理框架下，基于对林业资源结构化数据和非结构化数据及其存储方式的分析，研究了云存储环境下林业资源数据存储体系结构，解决林业资源数据存储结构问题；通过对林业资源数据并行划分特性的分析，提出了林业资源数据并行划分策略，进而研究了基于SN架构的林业资源数据云存储方案，解决大数据环境下林业资源数据存储效率问题；基于对林业资源数据处理可分解性分析，提出了林业资源数据并行处理流程，为林业资源海量数据处理与分析提供方案；最后研究了林业资源数据综合集成模式，为多源数据的跨空间透明整合提供思路。
（5）林业资源信息云计算服务平台。基于林业资源信息云计算服务平台框架，林业资源信息云计算服务平台作为一个动态、共享的中间件平台，以服务的方式为林业业务应用系统提供开发测试和运行管理的虚拟环境；参照SOA和OGC服务体系结构，设计了林业资源信息云计算平台服务栈结构；分析了服务平台为业务应用系统构建提供服务的模式，并基于FRI-C2SA4中4层服务的设计，研究了服务平台注册库和目录组织方式，通过服务注册机制有效组织管理服务注册库中的各类服务资源，能够确保业务应用系统软硬件资源的按需索取和共享，确保应用系统的高效部署、运行和监控。
（6）林业资源信息云计算应用服务及案例。基于SaaS架构，设计了一个林业资源信息云计算应用服务框架，为业务应用软件集合的部署、管理和运行提供支撑；以“全国林业资源一张图”服务系统设计与开发作为研究案例，对本文提出的林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构及其相关技术的进行原型实证，实现了1个林业资源信息服务平台和4个业务应用服务子系统，确保对森林资源、荒漠化/沙化与石漠化土地、湿地资源和生物多样性资源的的一体化综合管理。
With the theory and technology of cloud computing method, a framework of CloudComputing Service Architecture of Forestry Resource Information (FRI-C2SA) was designedand developed in this study. The key issues and technical ideas of that framework were figuredout in this study, of which including forestry resource information infrastructure and itsenvironment, the environment of large data storage and management models, businessapplications, operating system platform and the model. That framework was also applied in“'One Map' for the Forestry Resource Monitoring Service System” to test its validity. The maincontents and results of this study are as follows:
（1）Forestry resource information cloud computing service. Based on the definition andfeatures of the forestry resource, forestry resource information and forestry resourceinformation service, a clear connotation of the forestry resource information cloud computingservice was defined: four kinds of service resources, which includs asic facilities service, dataservice, platform service and application service, are provided on-demand, self-help,dynamically for forestry users by forestry network. These resources are corresponding to thefour service models: Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Cloud Data as a Service (DaaS),Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Cloud Application Software as a Service (SaaS). And,a strategy on the deployment of forestry resource information cloud computing service, whichwere analyzed from four aspects which are the architecture, deployment model, roleassignment, and the value.
（2）Forestry resource information cloud service architecture.ACloud Computing ServiceArchitecture of Forestry resource Information (FRI-C2SA) was designed to build amulti-layered three-dimensional structure by using “Layer architecture model” and forestryresource information cloud computing service architecture model. The FRI-C2SA incluedsthree dimensions:4levels of service (IaaS layer, the DaaS layer, PaaS layer and SaaS layer);6 type of IT business application system construction model (traditional, based IaaS, the DaaS,PaaS, and SaaS-based business applications);4class of service support environment (standards,security management, directory and subscription management and operation and maintenancemanagement of cloud computing service). At the same time, a forestry resource cloudcomputing service nodes distributed collaborative deployment patterns was designed toprovide support for the efficiency, flexibility, automation and scalability of the FRI-C2SA.
（3）Forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructure and the environment.Under the of the framework of forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructureand the environment, the construction mode of computing resource pool, storage resourcespool and network resources pool was researched; a management framework of a global unifiedresource pools of forestry resource information and virtual machine cluster deployment modewas desined to perform effective monitoring, management, control, coordination andscheduling of virtual resource; a forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructureservice center architecture was proposed to provide scalable, highly available and scalableinfrastructure resources and environment for various types of forestry applications.
（4）Forestry resource data cloud storage and management technology. Under the forestryresource data cloud storage and management, and based on the analysis of structured data andunstructured data of the forestry resource, a storage architecture of forestry resource data wasdesigned to solve the problem of forestry resource data storage structure; a data-parallelpartitioning strategy forestry resource data was put forward through the analysis of the forestryresource parallel divide characteristics, then a forestry resource data cloud storage solutionbased on SN architecture was designed to solve the problem of data storage efficiency of theforestry resource in the environment of large data; based on the analysis of forestry resourcedata processing biodegradable, a parallel processes of forestry resource data was designed toprovide program for mass data processing and analysis of forestry resource; The integratedmodel of forestry resource data was designed to provide ideas for transparent inter-spacemulti-source data integration.
（5）Forestry resource information cloud service platform. Based on the framework, theforestry resource information cloud computing service platform as a dynamic and sharedmiddleware platform to provide the virtual environments for the development and testing, andoperation management of the forestry business applications by service; the structure of forestryresource information cloud computing platform service stack was designed by referencingSOA and OGC service architecture; a registry and directory organization of the serviceplatform was designed based on layer4service in FRI-C2SA, various types of forestryresource in in the service registration library was effective organized and managed by theservice registration mechanism to ensure the on-demand obtaination and share of businessapplications software and hardware resources and the efficient deployment, operation andmonitoring of the application system.
（6）Forestry resource information cloud computing application service and case. Based onthe SaaS architecture, a cloud computing applications service framework of the forestryresource information was designed to provide support for the deployment, management andoperation of for the business application softwares; taking the design and development of “'OneMap' for the Forestry Resource Information Service System” as a case, the article verifiedFRI-C2SA and related technologies, then a forestry resource monitoring service platform andfour business application service subsystem were implemented to achieve the integratedmanagement of the forest resource, desertification resource, wetland resource and diversityresource.
（1）林业资源信息云计算服务。基于对林业资源、林业资源信息和林业资源信息服务的界定和特性分析，结合对林业资源信息服务模式的设计，明确了林业资源信息云计算服务的内涵：通过林业网络为林业用户按需、自助、动态地提供4种服务资源（基础设施服务、数据服务、平台服务和应用服务），这些服务资源对应于4个服务模型：基础设施服务（IaaS）、数据资源服务（DaaS）、平台服务（PaaS）和应用服务（SaaS），并从架构层次、部署模式、角色分配和价值体现等4个方面对其特征进行了分析。
（2）林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构。采用“层架构模式”和林业资源信息云计算服务架构设计元模型，构建了林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构（FRI-C2SA），包括3个维度：4个服务层次（IaaS层、DaaS层、PaaS层和SaaS层）；5类IT业务应用系统构建模式（传统、基于IaaS、基于DaaS、基于PaaS和基于SaaS的）；4类服务支撑环境（云计算服务的标准规范、安全管理、目录与订阅管理和运维管理）。同时，提出了一种林业资源信息云计算服务节点分布式协同部署模式，为FRI-C2SA的高效性、灵活性、自动化和可扩展性提供支撑。
（3）林业资源信息云计算基础设施与环境。在林业资源信息云计算基础设施与环境框架下，研究了计算资源池、存储资源池和网络资源池的构建模式，有效构建虚拟资源池；研究了林业资源信息全局统一资源池管理框架和虚拟机集群部署模式，对虚拟资源进行有效监控、管理、控制、协调和调度；提出通过构建林业资源信息云计算设施服务中心，为各类林业云计算应用系统和用户提供可伸缩、高可用和可扩展的基础设施资源和环境。
（4）林业资源数据云存储与管理技术。在林业资源数据云存储与管理框架下，基于对林业资源结构化数据和非结构化数据及其存储方式的分析，研究了云存储环境下林业资源数据存储体系结构，解决林业资源数据存储结构问题；通过对林业资源数据并行划分特性的分析，提出了林业资源数据并行划分策略，进而研究了基于SN架构的林业资源数据云存储方案，解决大数据环境下林业资源数据存储效率问题；基于对林业资源数据处理可分解性分析，提出了林业资源数据并行处理流程，为林业资源海量数据处理与分析提供方案；最后研究了林业资源数据综合集成模式，为多源数据的跨空间透明整合提供思路。
（5）林业资源信息云计算服务平台。基于林业资源信息云计算服务平台框架，林业资源信息云计算服务平台作为一个动态、共享的中间件平台，以服务的方式为林业业务应用系统提供开发测试和运行管理的虚拟环境；参照SOA和OGC服务体系结构，设计了林业资源信息云计算平台服务栈结构；分析了服务平台为业务应用系统构建提供服务的模式，并基于FRI-C2SA4中4层服务的设计，研究了服务平台注册库和目录组织方式，通过服务注册机制有效组织管理服务注册库中的各类服务资源，能够确保业务应用系统软硬件资源的按需索取和共享，确保应用系统的高效部署、运行和监控。
（6）林业资源信息云计算应用服务及案例。基于SaaS架构，设计了一个林业资源信息云计算应用服务框架，为业务应用软件集合的部署、管理和运行提供支撑；以“全国林业资源一张图”服务系统设计与开发作为研究案例，对本文提出的林业资源信息云计算服务体系架构及其相关技术的进行原型实证，实现了1个林业资源信息服务平台和4个业务应用服务子系统，确保对森林资源、荒漠化/沙化与石漠化土地、湿地资源和生物多样性资源的的一体化综合管理。
With the theory and technology of cloud computing method, a framework of CloudComputing Service Architecture of Forestry Resource Information (FRI-C2SA) was designedand developed in this study. The key issues and technical ideas of that framework were figuredout in this study, of which including forestry resource information infrastructure and itsenvironment, the environment of large data storage and management models, businessapplications, operating system platform and the model. That framework was also applied in“'One Map' for the Forestry Resource Monitoring Service System” to test its validity. The maincontents and results of this study are as follows:
（1）Forestry resource information cloud computing service. Based on the definition andfeatures of the forestry resource, forestry resource information and forestry resourceinformation service, a clear connotation of the forestry resource information cloud computingservice was defined: four kinds of service resources, which includs asic facilities service, dataservice, platform service and application service, are provided on-demand, self-help,dynamically for forestry users by forestry network. These resources are corresponding to thefour service models: Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Cloud Data as a Service (DaaS),Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Cloud Application Software as a Service (SaaS). And,a strategy on the deployment of forestry resource information cloud computing service, whichwere analyzed from four aspects which are the architecture, deployment model, roleassignment, and the value.
（2）Forestry resource information cloud service architecture.ACloud Computing ServiceArchitecture of Forestry resource Information (FRI-C2SA) was designed to build amulti-layered three-dimensional structure by using “Layer architecture model” and forestryresource information cloud computing service architecture model. The FRI-C2SA incluedsthree dimensions:4levels of service (IaaS layer, the DaaS layer, PaaS layer and SaaS layer);6 type of IT business application system construction model (traditional, based IaaS, the DaaS,PaaS, and SaaS-based business applications);4class of service support environment (standards,security management, directory and subscription management and operation and maintenancemanagement of cloud computing service). At the same time, a forestry resource cloudcomputing service nodes distributed collaborative deployment patterns was designed toprovide support for the efficiency, flexibility, automation and scalability of the FRI-C2SA.
（3）Forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructure and the environment.Under the of the framework of forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructureand the environment, the construction mode of computing resource pool, storage resourcespool and network resources pool was researched; a management framework of a global unifiedresource pools of forestry resource information and virtual machine cluster deployment modewas desined to perform effective monitoring, management, control, coordination andscheduling of virtual resource; a forestry resource information cloud computing infrastructureservice center architecture was proposed to provide scalable, highly available and scalableinfrastructure resources and environment for various types of forestry applications.
（4）Forestry resource data cloud storage and management technology. Under the forestryresource data cloud storage and management, and based on the analysis of structured data andunstructured data of the forestry resource, a storage architecture of forestry resource data wasdesigned to solve the problem of forestry resource data storage structure; a data-parallelpartitioning strategy forestry resource data was put forward through the analysis of the forestryresource parallel divide characteristics, then a forestry resource data cloud storage solutionbased on SN architecture was designed to solve the problem of data storage efficiency of theforestry resource in the environment of large data; based on the analysis of forestry resourcedata processing biodegradable, a parallel processes of forestry resource data was designed toprovide program for mass data processing and analysis of forestry resource; The integratedmodel of forestry resource data was designed to provide ideas for transparent inter-spacemulti-source data integration.
（5）Forestry resource information cloud service platform. Based on the framework, theforestry resource information cloud computing service platform as a dynamic and sharedmiddleware platform to provide the virtual environments for the development and testing, andoperation management of the forestry business applications by service; the structure of forestryresource information cloud computing platform service stack was designed by referencingSOA and OGC service architecture; a registry and directory organization of the serviceplatform was designed based on layer4service in FRI-C2SA, various types of forestryresource in in the service registration library was effective organized and managed by theservice registration mechanism to ensure the on-demand obtaination and share of businessapplications software and hardware resources and the efficient deployment, operation andmonitoring of the application system.
（6）Forestry resource information cloud computing application service and case. Based onthe SaaS architecture, a cloud computing applications service framework of the forestryresource information was designed to provide support for the deployment, management andoperation of for the business application softwares; taking the design and development of “'OneMap' for the Forestry Resource Information Service System” as a case, the article verifiedFRI-C2SA and related technologies, then a forestry resource monitoring service platform andfour business application service subsystem were implemented to achieve the integratedmanagement of the forest resource, desertification resource, wetland resource and diversityresource.
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