不同氮水平下水稻氮素利用率及相关性状的遗传基础研究
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摘要
在水稻生产过程中,农民往往会施用过量的氮肥,一方面导致大量的氮肥流失,污染环境；另一方使得氮肥回收率、氮肥利用率降低。因此选用氮高效品种来减少氮肥用量、降低生产成本、减少氮肥污染、提高氮肥效率是水稻生产中迫切需要解决的问题。
本研究目的：1)在不同氮水平下,研究氮素利用效率与产量及产量构成因子等性状之间的关系以及QTL定位；2)在不同氮水平下,研究不同时期水稻组织氮浓度性状与氮素利用效率的关系以及QTL定位；3)在不同氮水平下,研究氮积累量性状和氮转运性状与氮素利用效率之间的关系以及QTL定位；4)在不同年份间,研究耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率之间的关系以及QTL定位。期望揭示水稻氮营养遗传规律,为分子标记辅助选择氮高效品种和氮营养性状的遗传改良、培育氮高效利用的水稻品种等后续研究提供依据。本实验在两个氮水平(低氮0kg N hm-2和正常氮130kg N hm-2),以源于珍汕97B与明恢63的重组自交系为研究材料,分别于2006年和2007年在湖北孝感徐山村(30°56”N,113°54”E)和武穴大金镇(29°51”N,115°33"E)种植。现已取得的主要研究结果如下：
1)在两种氮水平下,籽粒氮素利用效率与产量、结实率和每穗颖花数呈显著正相关,因而提高产量、结实率和每穗颖花数可以改良籽粒氮素利用效率。对籽粒氮素利用效率而言,分别在2006年两种氮水平下各检测到2个QTLs,2007年低氮情况下检测到4个QTLs和正常氮情况下检测到2个QTLs,这些QTLs分别位于1、2、6、7和11号染色体。对产量和产量构成因子而言,分别在2006年两种氮水平下各检测到18个QTLs,2007年低氮情况下检测到15个QTLs和正常氮情况下检测到17个QTLs,这止匕QTLs分别位于1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10和11号染色体。本研究发现3个QTL基因簇,1号染色体C86-C567区域、2号染色体RM53-R1738区域和7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域,在不同环境下同时影响籽粒氮素利用效率和产量及构成因子等性状。这3个QTL基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率与产量及构成因子之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,同时为分子标记辅助选择氮高效品种提供有用的信息。
2)在两种氮水平下,籽粒氮素利用效率与抽穗期组织氮浓度和成熟期组织氮浓度呈显著负相关,可以通过降低抽穗期组织氮浓度和成熟期组织氮浓度来改良籽粒氮素利用效率。2006年,低氮条件下检测到16个组织氮浓度QTLs,正常氮条件下检测到19个组织氮浓度QTLs,位于染色体1、2、4、6、7、8和10。2007年低氮条件下检测到13个组织氮浓度QTLs,正常氮条件下检测到17个组织氮浓度QTLs,位于染色体1、2、3、6、7、10和11。4个QTL基因簇在不同环境下影响大部分籽粒氮素利用效率和水稻组织氮浓度性状,包括1号染色体C86-C567区域、2号染色体RM53-R1843区域、6号染色体R2749-R1952a区域和7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域。这4个QTLs基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率和水稻组织氮浓度性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,同时为分子标记辅助选择稳定组织氮浓度基因型提供了有用的信息。
3)在多环境下,籽粒氮素利用率与氮积累量性状呈显著负相关,而与氮转运性状呈正相关,暗示着可以通过降低氮积累量和提高氮转运效率来改良籽粒氮素利用效率。对氮积累量性状而言,2006年低氮条件下检测到9个QTLs和正常氮条件下12个QTLs；2007年低氮条件下检测到10个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；这些氮积累量性状QTLs分别定位在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、9、10和11号染色体。对氮转运效率性状而言,2006年低氮条件下检测到9个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；2007年低氮条件下检测到13个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；这些氮转运性状QTLs分别定位在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、11和12号染色体。本研究还发现几个QTLs基因簇：2号染色体RZ5993-R1738区域、6号染色体R1962-C1496区域、7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域,11号染色体G44-RG118区域和3203-RM20a区域,在不同氮环境下同时影响籽粒氮素利用效率与氮积累和转运性状等大部分性状。这5个QTLs基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率与氮积累和转运性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,为分子标记辅助选择稳定氮积累和氮转运品种提供了有用的信息。
4)耐缺氮能力性状通常定义为低氮条件下的性状值与正常氮条件下性状值的比值,其中包括相对籽粒产量性状、相对干物质产量性状、相对籽粒氮性状和相对总氮积累量性状。氮素利用率性状包括氮反应、籽粒产量反应和氮素生理利用效率。在不同的年份间,除氮素生理利用效率与相对总氮积累量外,氮素利用率性状与耐缺氮能力性状呈负相关。2006年和2007年分别检测到7个和8个耐缺氮能力性状QTLs,分别定位在染色体1、2、3、4、7、9、10和11。对氮素利用率性状而言,2006年检测到5个QTLs,2007年检测到6个QTLs,这些氮素利用率性状QTLs分别位于染色体1、2、3、4、6、7、9、10和11。4个QTLs基因簇在不同年份间影响部分耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率性状,包括1号染色体G393-C922区域、3号染色体RM232-C63区域、4号染色体G235-G102区域和7号染色体RG678-R1440区域。这4个QTLs基因簇为耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,也为分子标记辅助选择稳定耐缺氮能力基因型提供了有用的信息。
In modern farming system, the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers results in increasingly severe adverse effects to the environments, the problem of nitrogen uptake and use efficiency stepwise decreased is usually accompanied with the greater increased nitrogen application. Undoubtedly, improvement of grain nitrogen use efficiency is one of most important goal in modern rice breeding program. Therefore, selection for high nitrogen use efficiency with high grain yield for decreasing the cost of rice production and environmental pollution remains a big challenge in rice breeding.
The objectives of this study were:1) to investigate the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield and its component under two nitrogen levels, and mapped QTLs for these traits;2) to study the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and rice tissue nitrogen concentration traits under two nitrogen conditions, and detect QTLs for these traits;3) to examine the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation and translocation traits under two nitrogen levels, and identify QTLs for these traits;4) to explore the relationships between nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits under two nitrogen conditions, and investigate QTLs for these traits. The results of QTLs mapping will provide useful information for the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and related traits with marker assistant selection. The2006experiment was conducted at Xusan villiage, Xiaogan City (30°56'N,113°54'E), while the2007experiment was carried out at Dajin town, Wuxue City (29°51'N,115°33'E). For low-nitrogen (LN), no artificial nitrogen fertilizer was applied. For normal nitrogen (NN),135kg N ha-1in2006and130kg N ha-1in2007were applied. The following results were obtained:
1) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant positively correlated with grain yield, grain filling and the number of spikelets per panicle under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though the improvement of grain yield, grain filling and the number of spikelets per panicle. For grain nitrogen use efficiency, two QTLs under LN and two QTLs under NN were identified in2006; four QTLs under LN and two QTLs under NN were detected in2007; all of these QTLs were located on chromosome1,2,6,7and11. For grain yield and its components, eighteen QTLs under LN and eighteen QTLs under NN were detected in2006and fifteen QTLs under LN and seventeen QTLs under NN were detected in2007, which were positioned on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10and11. The close linkage genomic regions, including C86-C567on chromosome1, RM53-R1738on chromosome2and RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, were confirmed to affect most of grain nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and yield component under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of the relationship between grain nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and yield component. All of these genomic regions would be very useful for improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice breeding though marker assisted selection.
2) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration traits at heading and maturity stage under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though decreasing nitrogen concentration traits. Sixteen QTLs under LN and nineteen QTLs under NN in2006for rice tissue concentration were identified on chromosome1,2,4,6,7,8and10, and thirteen QTLs under LN and seventeen QTLs under NN in2007were identified on chromosome1,2,3,6,7,10and11. The close linkage genomic regions, including C86-C567on chromosome1, RM53-R1843on chromosome2, R2749-R1952a on chromosome6and RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, were confirmed to affect most of tissue nitrogen concentration traits and grain nitrogen use efficiency under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of relationship between tissue nitrogen concentration traits and grain nitrogen use efficiency. This would be very useful for improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice breeding though marker assisted selection.
3) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant negatively correlated with nitrogen accumulation traits at heading and maturity stage, however, positively correlated with nitrogen translocation traits under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though decreasing nitrogen accumulations and increasing nitrogen translocation efficiency. For nitrogen accumulation traits, nine QTLs under LN and twelve QTLs under NN in2006, and ten QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN in2007were identified on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10and11. For nitrogen translocation traits, nine QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN were detected in2006 and thirteen QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN were detected in2007, which were located on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11and12. The close linkage genomic regions, including RZ5993-R1738on chromosome2, R1962-C1496on chromosome6, RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, G44-RG118and R3203-RM20a on chromosome11, were confirmed to affect most of all traits under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of relationship between grain nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen translocation traits.
4) Nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits were the ratio of a trait value under LN to NN, including grain yield, biomass yield, grain nitrogen and biomass nitrogen. Nitrogen use efficiency traits were nitrogen response, grain yield response and physiological nitrogen-use efficiency. Nitrogen use efficiency traits significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits in the two testing years, except for the correlations between physiological nitrogen-use efficiency and relative biomass nitrogen. For nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits, seven and eight QTLs were identified in2006and2007, respectively. These QTLs were on chromosomes1,2,3,4,7,9,10and11. For nitrogen use efficiency traits, five and six QTLs were detected on chromosomes1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10and11in2006and2007, respectively. Four genomic regions, including G393-C922on chromosome1, RM232-C63on chromosome3, G235-G102on chromosome4and RG678-R1440on chromosome7, were found to contain QTLs for nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits, provides partial explanation and genetic mechanism for the observed correlations between nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits, and could be used as targets for improving nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits in future breeding.
本研究目的：1)在不同氮水平下,研究氮素利用效率与产量及产量构成因子等性状之间的关系以及QTL定位；2)在不同氮水平下,研究不同时期水稻组织氮浓度性状与氮素利用效率的关系以及QTL定位；3)在不同氮水平下,研究氮积累量性状和氮转运性状与氮素利用效率之间的关系以及QTL定位；4)在不同年份间,研究耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率之间的关系以及QTL定位。期望揭示水稻氮营养遗传规律,为分子标记辅助选择氮高效品种和氮营养性状的遗传改良、培育氮高效利用的水稻品种等后续研究提供依据。本实验在两个氮水平(低氮0kg N hm-2和正常氮130kg N hm-2),以源于珍汕97B与明恢63的重组自交系为研究材料,分别于2006年和2007年在湖北孝感徐山村(30°56”N,113°54”E)和武穴大金镇(29°51”N,115°33"E)种植。现已取得的主要研究结果如下：
1)在两种氮水平下,籽粒氮素利用效率与产量、结实率和每穗颖花数呈显著正相关,因而提高产量、结实率和每穗颖花数可以改良籽粒氮素利用效率。对籽粒氮素利用效率而言,分别在2006年两种氮水平下各检测到2个QTLs,2007年低氮情况下检测到4个QTLs和正常氮情况下检测到2个QTLs,这些QTLs分别位于1、2、6、7和11号染色体。对产量和产量构成因子而言,分别在2006年两种氮水平下各检测到18个QTLs,2007年低氮情况下检测到15个QTLs和正常氮情况下检测到17个QTLs,这止匕QTLs分别位于1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10和11号染色体。本研究发现3个QTL基因簇,1号染色体C86-C567区域、2号染色体RM53-R1738区域和7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域,在不同环境下同时影响籽粒氮素利用效率和产量及构成因子等性状。这3个QTL基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率与产量及构成因子之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,同时为分子标记辅助选择氮高效品种提供有用的信息。
2)在两种氮水平下,籽粒氮素利用效率与抽穗期组织氮浓度和成熟期组织氮浓度呈显著负相关,可以通过降低抽穗期组织氮浓度和成熟期组织氮浓度来改良籽粒氮素利用效率。2006年,低氮条件下检测到16个组织氮浓度QTLs,正常氮条件下检测到19个组织氮浓度QTLs,位于染色体1、2、4、6、7、8和10。2007年低氮条件下检测到13个组织氮浓度QTLs,正常氮条件下检测到17个组织氮浓度QTLs,位于染色体1、2、3、6、7、10和11。4个QTL基因簇在不同环境下影响大部分籽粒氮素利用效率和水稻组织氮浓度性状,包括1号染色体C86-C567区域、2号染色体RM53-R1843区域、6号染色体R2749-R1952a区域和7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域。这4个QTLs基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率和水稻组织氮浓度性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,同时为分子标记辅助选择稳定组织氮浓度基因型提供了有用的信息。
3)在多环境下,籽粒氮素利用率与氮积累量性状呈显著负相关,而与氮转运性状呈正相关,暗示着可以通过降低氮积累量和提高氮转运效率来改良籽粒氮素利用效率。对氮积累量性状而言,2006年低氮条件下检测到9个QTLs和正常氮条件下12个QTLs；2007年低氮条件下检测到10个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；这些氮积累量性状QTLs分别定位在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、9、10和11号染色体。对氮转运效率性状而言,2006年低氮条件下检测到9个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；2007年低氮条件下检测到13个QTLs和正常氮条件下8个QTLs；这些氮转运性状QTLs分别定位在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、11和12号染色体。本研究还发现几个QTLs基因簇：2号染色体RZ5993-R1738区域、6号染色体R1962-C1496区域、7号染色体RZ471-C1023区域,11号染色体G44-RG118区域和3203-RM20a区域,在不同氮环境下同时影响籽粒氮素利用效率与氮积累和转运性状等大部分性状。这5个QTLs基因簇为籽粒氮素利用效率与氮积累和转运性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,为分子标记辅助选择稳定氮积累和氮转运品种提供了有用的信息。
4)耐缺氮能力性状通常定义为低氮条件下的性状值与正常氮条件下性状值的比值,其中包括相对籽粒产量性状、相对干物质产量性状、相对籽粒氮性状和相对总氮积累量性状。氮素利用率性状包括氮反应、籽粒产量反应和氮素生理利用效率。在不同的年份间,除氮素生理利用效率与相对总氮积累量外,氮素利用率性状与耐缺氮能力性状呈负相关。2006年和2007年分别检测到7个和8个耐缺氮能力性状QTLs,分别定位在染色体1、2、3、4、7、9、10和11。对氮素利用率性状而言,2006年检测到5个QTLs,2007年检测到6个QTLs,这些氮素利用率性状QTLs分别位于染色体1、2、3、4、6、7、9、10和11。4个QTLs基因簇在不同年份间影响部分耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率性状,包括1号染色体G393-C922区域、3号染色体RM232-C63区域、4号染色体G235-G102区域和7号染色体RG678-R1440区域。这4个QTLs基因簇为耐缺氮能力性状与氮素利用效率性状之间的相关性提供了部分遗传基础,也为分子标记辅助选择稳定耐缺氮能力基因型提供了有用的信息。
In modern farming system, the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers results in increasingly severe adverse effects to the environments, the problem of nitrogen uptake and use efficiency stepwise decreased is usually accompanied with the greater increased nitrogen application. Undoubtedly, improvement of grain nitrogen use efficiency is one of most important goal in modern rice breeding program. Therefore, selection for high nitrogen use efficiency with high grain yield for decreasing the cost of rice production and environmental pollution remains a big challenge in rice breeding.
The objectives of this study were:1) to investigate the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield and its component under two nitrogen levels, and mapped QTLs for these traits;2) to study the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and rice tissue nitrogen concentration traits under two nitrogen conditions, and detect QTLs for these traits;3) to examine the relationships between grain nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation and translocation traits under two nitrogen levels, and identify QTLs for these traits;4) to explore the relationships between nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits under two nitrogen conditions, and investigate QTLs for these traits. The results of QTLs mapping will provide useful information for the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and related traits with marker assistant selection. The2006experiment was conducted at Xusan villiage, Xiaogan City (30°56'N,113°54'E), while the2007experiment was carried out at Dajin town, Wuxue City (29°51'N,115°33'E). For low-nitrogen (LN), no artificial nitrogen fertilizer was applied. For normal nitrogen (NN),135kg N ha-1in2006and130kg N ha-1in2007were applied. The following results were obtained:
1) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant positively correlated with grain yield, grain filling and the number of spikelets per panicle under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though the improvement of grain yield, grain filling and the number of spikelets per panicle. For grain nitrogen use efficiency, two QTLs under LN and two QTLs under NN were identified in2006; four QTLs under LN and two QTLs under NN were detected in2007; all of these QTLs were located on chromosome1,2,6,7and11. For grain yield and its components, eighteen QTLs under LN and eighteen QTLs under NN were detected in2006and fifteen QTLs under LN and seventeen QTLs under NN were detected in2007, which were positioned on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10and11. The close linkage genomic regions, including C86-C567on chromosome1, RM53-R1738on chromosome2and RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, were confirmed to affect most of grain nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and yield component under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of the relationship between grain nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and yield component. All of these genomic regions would be very useful for improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice breeding though marker assisted selection.
2) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration traits at heading and maturity stage under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though decreasing nitrogen concentration traits. Sixteen QTLs under LN and nineteen QTLs under NN in2006for rice tissue concentration were identified on chromosome1,2,4,6,7,8and10, and thirteen QTLs under LN and seventeen QTLs under NN in2007were identified on chromosome1,2,3,6,7,10and11. The close linkage genomic regions, including C86-C567on chromosome1, RM53-R1843on chromosome2, R2749-R1952a on chromosome6and RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, were confirmed to affect most of tissue nitrogen concentration traits and grain nitrogen use efficiency under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of relationship between tissue nitrogen concentration traits and grain nitrogen use efficiency. This would be very useful for improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice breeding though marker assisted selection.
3) Grain nitrogen use efficiency was significant negatively correlated with nitrogen accumulation traits at heading and maturity stage, however, positively correlated with nitrogen translocation traits under both nitrogen conditions, suggested that grain nitrogen use efficiency may be improved though decreasing nitrogen accumulations and increasing nitrogen translocation efficiency. For nitrogen accumulation traits, nine QTLs under LN and twelve QTLs under NN in2006, and ten QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN in2007were identified on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10and11. For nitrogen translocation traits, nine QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN were detected in2006 and thirteen QTLs under LN and eight QTLs under NN were detected in2007, which were located on chromosome1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11and12. The close linkage genomic regions, including RZ5993-R1738on chromosome2, R1962-C1496on chromosome6, RZ471-C1023on chromosome7, G44-RG118and R3203-RM20a on chromosome11, were confirmed to affect most of all traits under both nitrogen conditions, and provided genetic basis of relationship between grain nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen translocation traits.
4) Nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits were the ratio of a trait value under LN to NN, including grain yield, biomass yield, grain nitrogen and biomass nitrogen. Nitrogen use efficiency traits were nitrogen response, grain yield response and physiological nitrogen-use efficiency. Nitrogen use efficiency traits significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits in the two testing years, except for the correlations between physiological nitrogen-use efficiency and relative biomass nitrogen. For nitrogen deficiency tolerance traits, seven and eight QTLs were identified in2006and2007, respectively. These QTLs were on chromosomes1,2,3,4,7,9,10and11. For nitrogen use efficiency traits, five and six QTLs were detected on chromosomes1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10and11in2006and2007, respectively. Four genomic regions, including G393-C922on chromosome1, RM232-C63on chromosome3, G235-G102on chromosome4and RG678-R1440on chromosome7, were found to contain QTLs for nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits, provides partial explanation and genetic mechanism for the observed correlations between nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits, and could be used as targets for improving nitrogen deficiency tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency traits in future breeding.
引文
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