液压重载车远程运行管理及安全对策研究
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摘要
随着我国交通(高速公路、高速铁路)、能源、资源等基础设施建设进程的快速发展，大批量现代化的大型自行式液压重载车需求日益突出。其对工程施工质量和进度起着决定性作用。近几年施工的规模变得日益庞大，自行式液压重载车也趋于大型化、自动化和机电一体化，其性能要求和复杂程度不断提高，致使对设备故障的诊断也更为复杂，传统的事后维修已不能满足工程实际要求。由于液压重载车工作的环境比较恶劣，故障频繁；并且施工生产的特性决定了其分散性大、流动性强，这给故障诊断与及时排除带来巨大困难。
随着电子技术的发展，故障预报和整机在线维修成为目前液压重载车中维修采用的主要方式。为了保证液压重载车故障事先诊断分析的时效性和便捷性，开展液压重载车在线工作状态的监测以及常规故障机理的综合分析等系统性研究工作是实现远程故障诊断与排除及远程控制的关键技术。
论文研究工作基于3G移动通讯技术、互联网技术、工作流引擎，建立电子化、自动化、智能化的自行式液压重载平板车远程运行管理系统(Heavy hydraulictransport vehicle remote operation management system，简称HTVOMS)，包含数据采集子系统、远程监控子系统、故障工单管理子系统、知识经验管理、移动服务子系统、备品备件子系统等。HTVOMS能够实现液压重载车运行状态的实时监控、运行数据实时在线采集、使用NFC技术进行离线采集、自动或者手动收集故障信息、对故障处理的快速反映，专家在线诊断等功能；通过将故障信息、故障原因、解决办法等专家知识和维修经验等进行数据梳理，建立知识经验库，作为统计分析、决策的依据；通过部门间故障单流转工作流的构造，HTVOMS能够实现对故障处理的快速反映，充分体现了方便、高效协同工作的特点。
HTVOMS的建立对现场液压重载车故障迅速诊断、快速修复，提高其运行可靠性，确保施工进度正常进行具有重要意义。
HTVOMS设计时充分考虑涉及企业核心机密的安全性要求，对HTVOMS的安全威胁进行系统性分析并制定有针对性的防范措施。首次构建了HTVOMS安全体系架构，并从网络层、应用层、数据访问和处理层、数据层等多层次、多角度地对HTVOMS可能遇到的安全威胁和攻击进行分析，并制定安全应对措施。对ECC算法进行改进，并应用于车载模块与系统间数据传输加密。实现了HTVOMS中数据的安全传输和存储，确保HTVOMS中数据的安全和系统稳定运行，防止企业技术机密泄露，从而确保液压重载车运行安全。
With rapid developments of infrastructure construction process about civiltransportation (highways, high-speed rail), energy, resources etc, the demands of largequantities of modern large-scale self-propelled heavy hydraulic transport vehicle areprominent increasingly. The heavy transport vehicles play a decisive role to quality andprogress of construction project. In recent years, with the increasingly large-scaleconstruction it shows maximization, continuous, mechatronics, and its performance andcomplexity are enhanced continuously, so the diagnosis become more complicated andthe traditional post service has not meet with actual demands of engineering. Owing toworking in the formidable conditions the heavy transport vehicles are in fault frequently,and its construction feature determine large disperstiveness and runnabilty, which lead tofaults resumed difficultly.
With the development of electronic technology, fault prediction and onlinemaintenance become the chief maintenance manner for heavy transport vehicles. Toensure timeliness and convenience of faults prior diagnosis, it is the critical technologythat carrying out online status monitoring and comprehensive analysis of normal faultmechanism.
Based on the3G mobile communication technology, internet technology andworkflow engine, the heavy hydraulic transport vehicle remote operation managementsystem (HTVOMS) with electronic, automation and intelligence has been established.The system includes data acquisition subsystem, remote monitoring and controlsubsystem, knowledge and experience management subsystem, fault task sheetmanagement subsystem, mobile services subsystem, spare parts subsystem, etc. it alsocan achieve the real-time monitoring of heavy transport vehicle operational status, onlinereal-time data collection，offline collection with NFC technology, fault informationcollection automatically or manually，quick response to faults. By combing the dataabout the expert knowledge(fault information, failure causes, solutions，and so forth) andservice experience, the knowledge and experience database has been built, which hasbeen used as the basis of statistical analysis and decision-making. With the configuration of workflow of fault task sheet between different parts, HTVOMS system can utilize therapid response to handling fault, which embodies the collaborating characteristics ofconvenience and efficiency.
The establishment of HTVOMS system has significant value to fault diagnosis,rapid maintenance, improving the operational reliability, ensuring the normalconstruction process.
The design of HTVOMS has been fully considered the security requirements ofenterprise core secrets, and threats to the system have been analyzed and the pointedpreventive measures have been proposed. The security architecture has been put forwardfirstly, and the safety threat and attack to the HTVOMS had been analyzed from thepoint of the internet layer, appliance layer, the layer of the date access and process anddata layer. The improved ECC algorithm has been applied to encrypted data transferringbetween vehicle modules and HTVOMS. Meanwhile, the safety of data transfer and datastorage in the HTVOMS has been accomplished, which ensured data security and systemrunning reliably, and prevented leaking of technical secrets, then hydraulic heavytransport vehicle can running safely.
随着电子技术的发展，故障预报和整机在线维修成为目前液压重载车中维修采用的主要方式。为了保证液压重载车故障事先诊断分析的时效性和便捷性，开展液压重载车在线工作状态的监测以及常规故障机理的综合分析等系统性研究工作是实现远程故障诊断与排除及远程控制的关键技术。
论文研究工作基于3G移动通讯技术、互联网技术、工作流引擎，建立电子化、自动化、智能化的自行式液压重载平板车远程运行管理系统(Heavy hydraulictransport vehicle remote operation management system，简称HTVOMS)，包含数据采集子系统、远程监控子系统、故障工单管理子系统、知识经验管理、移动服务子系统、备品备件子系统等。HTVOMS能够实现液压重载车运行状态的实时监控、运行数据实时在线采集、使用NFC技术进行离线采集、自动或者手动收集故障信息、对故障处理的快速反映，专家在线诊断等功能；通过将故障信息、故障原因、解决办法等专家知识和维修经验等进行数据梳理，建立知识经验库，作为统计分析、决策的依据；通过部门间故障单流转工作流的构造，HTVOMS能够实现对故障处理的快速反映，充分体现了方便、高效协同工作的特点。
HTVOMS的建立对现场液压重载车故障迅速诊断、快速修复，提高其运行可靠性，确保施工进度正常进行具有重要意义。
HTVOMS设计时充分考虑涉及企业核心机密的安全性要求，对HTVOMS的安全威胁进行系统性分析并制定有针对性的防范措施。首次构建了HTVOMS安全体系架构，并从网络层、应用层、数据访问和处理层、数据层等多层次、多角度地对HTVOMS可能遇到的安全威胁和攻击进行分析，并制定安全应对措施。对ECC算法进行改进，并应用于车载模块与系统间数据传输加密。实现了HTVOMS中数据的安全传输和存储，确保HTVOMS中数据的安全和系统稳定运行，防止企业技术机密泄露，从而确保液压重载车运行安全。
With rapid developments of infrastructure construction process about civiltransportation (highways, high-speed rail), energy, resources etc, the demands of largequantities of modern large-scale self-propelled heavy hydraulic transport vehicle areprominent increasingly. The heavy transport vehicles play a decisive role to quality andprogress of construction project. In recent years, with the increasingly large-scaleconstruction it shows maximization, continuous, mechatronics, and its performance andcomplexity are enhanced continuously, so the diagnosis become more complicated andthe traditional post service has not meet with actual demands of engineering. Owing toworking in the formidable conditions the heavy transport vehicles are in fault frequently,and its construction feature determine large disperstiveness and runnabilty, which lead tofaults resumed difficultly.
With the development of electronic technology, fault prediction and onlinemaintenance become the chief maintenance manner for heavy transport vehicles. Toensure timeliness and convenience of faults prior diagnosis, it is the critical technologythat carrying out online status monitoring and comprehensive analysis of normal faultmechanism.
Based on the3G mobile communication technology, internet technology andworkflow engine, the heavy hydraulic transport vehicle remote operation managementsystem (HTVOMS) with electronic, automation and intelligence has been established.The system includes data acquisition subsystem, remote monitoring and controlsubsystem, knowledge and experience management subsystem, fault task sheetmanagement subsystem, mobile services subsystem, spare parts subsystem, etc. it alsocan achieve the real-time monitoring of heavy transport vehicle operational status, onlinereal-time data collection，offline collection with NFC technology, fault informationcollection automatically or manually，quick response to faults. By combing the dataabout the expert knowledge(fault information, failure causes, solutions，and so forth) andservice experience, the knowledge and experience database has been built, which hasbeen used as the basis of statistical analysis and decision-making. With the configuration of workflow of fault task sheet between different parts, HTVOMS system can utilize therapid response to handling fault, which embodies the collaborating characteristics ofconvenience and efficiency.
The establishment of HTVOMS system has significant value to fault diagnosis,rapid maintenance, improving the operational reliability, ensuring the normalconstruction process.
The design of HTVOMS has been fully considered the security requirements ofenterprise core secrets, and threats to the system have been analyzed and the pointedpreventive measures have been proposed. The security architecture has been put forwardfirstly, and the safety threat and attack to the HTVOMS had been analyzed from thepoint of the internet layer, appliance layer, the layer of the date access and process anddata layer. The improved ECC algorithm has been applied to encrypted data transferringbetween vehicle modules and HTVOMS. Meanwhile, the safety of data transfer and datastorage in the HTVOMS has been accomplished, which ensured data security and systemrunning reliably, and prevented leaking of technical secrets, then hydraulic heavytransport vehicle can running safely.
引文
Fig.1-11Interface of hydraulic crawler crane remote monitoring system
由于知识和经验种数据保存的格式可以有多种，因此知识门户需要提供足够的信息检索和共享的能力。知识门户包含知识社区、专家地图、组织权限、统一搜索、知识审核、知识统计等系统管理和应用功能。
KMP使用一个Web浏览器界面，既简单又实用有效。所有的用户都可以通过
知识审核功能主要通过以下几个方面来实现：
(1)当用户从知识管理系统中提交知识或者更新知识时触发知识审批流程，在知识流程审批结束后，返回知识管理系统进行知识存储与发布。
(2)知识审批人批准该知识请求，通过配置知识的状态来设定该知识为废弃、知识等。
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71王悦.访问控制技术的研究与应用.[天津财经大学工学硕士论文].2007:5-8
72Peter Ward, Clifton L Smith. The Development of Access Control Policies for InformationTechnology Systems. Computers&Security,2002,21(4):356-371
73闻英友,罗铭,赵宏. VoIP网络基于签密的安全机制的研究与实现.通信学报,2010,(4):8-15
74吴素研,李瑛,胡祥义,等.基于组合对称密钥带加密数字签名方法的研究.电子科技大学学报,2009,38(增刊):75-78
75张云,崔玉泉,刘磊.供应链中的部分信息共享模型.山东大学学报:理学版,2008,43(2):77-81,86
76王宏,龚正虎.松耦合分布式网络管理.计算机工程与科学,2004,26(4):8-10,14
77B. Silvestre, S. Rossetto, N. Rodriguez, J.-P. Briot. Flexibility and Coordination in Event-based,Loosely Coupled, Distributed Systems. Computer Languages, Systems&Structures,2010,36(2):142-157
78Sumit Ghosh. A Distributed Algorithm for Fault Simulation of Combinatorial and AsynchronousSequential Digital Designs, Utilizing Circuit Partitioning, on Loosely-coupled Parallel Processors.Microelectronics and Reliability,1995,35(6):947-967
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82José L. Vivas, Carmen Fernández-Gago, Javier Lopez, Andrés Benjumea. A Security Frameworkfor a Workflow-based Grid Development Platform. Computer Standards&Interfaces,2010,32(5-6):230-245
83Scott M. Shafer, Timothy L. Smunt. Empirical Simulation Studies in Operations Management:Context, Trends, and Research Opportunities. Journal of Operations Management,2004,22(4):345-354
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86李勇军,代亚非.对等网络信任机制研究.计算机学报,2010,33(3):390-405
87周麒麟,司天歌,戴一奇.用于安全局域网络的动态监控器.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(1):123-126
88马玉龙,喻成成.计算机网络信息安全与防范.计算机安全,2010,(8):64-65
89Sara Kraemer, Pascale Carayon. Human Errors and Violations in Computer and InformationSecurity: The Viewpoint of Network Administrators and Security Specialists. AppliedErgonomics,2007,38(2):143-154
90Mukesh M. Prabhu, S. V. Raghavan. Security in Computer Networks and Distributed Systems.Computer Communications,1996,19(5):379-388
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1275-1282
由于知识和经验种数据保存的格式可以有多种，因此知识门户需要提供足够的信息检索和共享的能力。知识门户包含知识社区、专家地图、组织权限、统一搜索、知识审核、知识统计等系统管理和应用功能。
KMP使用一个Web浏览器界面，既简单又实用有效。所有的用户都可以通过
知识审核功能主要通过以下几个方面来实现：
(1)当用户从知识管理系统中提交知识或者更新知识时触发知识审批流程，在知识流程审批结束后，返回知识管理系统进行知识存储与发布。
(2)知识审批人批准该知识请求，通过配置知识的状态来设定该知识为废弃、知识等。
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91张治江,祝烈煌,唐宏.一种层次型无线传感器网络安全认证方案.东南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(A01):243-248
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