基于动态联盟的中小企业物流能力与竞争优势实证研究
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摘要
中小企业在我国经济发展中起着重要的作用。同时,中小企业发展过程中存在一些问题。另外,中小企业物流发展不能使人满意,从管理角度来看,存在中小企业物流管理体系不规范、战略性物流规划被忽视、物流管理成本较高、物流信息管理程度低等问题,总的来看,物流成本居高不下,信息化水平较低;缺少物流管理人才；相关法律法规不完善；地区发展不平衡；自营物流占相当大的比例；中小企业物流环节严重分割,形不成一体化的综合物流；中小企业物流管理观念薄弱；行业竞争能力不强。
因此,中小企业运作模式需要科学有效的理论指导；中小企业物流能力需要提升；中小企业提高竞争优势需要新的途径。
研究的主要目标：建立研究中小企业动态联盟、物流能力、竞争能力和经营业绩之间的关系的概念模型,并且揭示在中小企业动态联盟对企业的物流能力、竞争能力和经营业绩之间的关系。为中小企业掌握物流能力的关键因素,找到提升物流能力的具体途径和方法,合理选择动态联盟模式和运作机制,提供合理的决策依据。
通过总共发出1220份调查问卷,收回了调查问卷261份,除去了29份无效的问卷,最终有效样本232份,进行了实证研究的数据分析。数据质量分析：数据的描述性统计分析、数据的可靠性分析；数据的探索型因子分析：动态联盟的探索型因子分析、企业物流能力的探索型因子分析、企业竞争能力能力的探索型因子分析；确认型因子分析：动态联盟的确认型因子分析、企业物流能力的确认型因子分析、企业竞争能力能力的确认型因子分析；结构方程模型分析：违反估计的检验、结构方程模型整体拟合度检验、结构方程模型内在结构拟合度检验、结构方程模型的修正、各潜变量间影响效果分析。
利用统计软件进行因子分析,确认了四个中小企业动态联盟评价因子：合作伙伴技术实力、合作伙伴(除技术以外)的资源水平、与合作伙伴之间的信任沟通程度、与合作伙伴之间的相容性水平；四个中小企业物流能力评价因子：客户服务能力、物流可靠性,物流配送能力以及物流信息处理能力；五个中小企业竞争能力评价因子：降低运作成本、增强创新能力、提高应变能力、提高采购与供应能力以及提高竞争意识。最终确定中小企业动态联盟、物流能力、竞争优势等评价模型与评价指标体系。
采用结构方程模型实证分析动态联盟、物流能力、竞争能力和企业业绩四个变量之间的关系,结果表明：动态联盟与竞争能力两者之间存在正相关性；动态联盟与物流能力两者之间存在正相关性；物流能力与竞争能力两者之间存在正相关性；竞争能力与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性；物流能力与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性；动态联盟通过物流能力作用于企业业绩的正相关性,比动态联盟没有通过物流能力作用于企业业绩的正相关性强。动态联盟与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性的假设未被接受。
Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in China's economic development. At the same time, there are some problems in the process of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the logistics of small and medium-sized enterprises is not satisfactory, from a management perspective, there is little small and medium-sized enterprise logistics management system standard, strategic logistics planning is ignored, logistics management cost is higher, logistics information management level is low, in generally, logistics cost is high, informatization level is low; logistics management personnel are lack:the relative laws and regulations are not perfect; there is the imbalance of regional development:self-run logistics accounts for a large proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises; logistics link is seriously divided, integrated logistics do not form:logistics concept is weakness; industry competition ability is not strong. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprise mode of operation need to be scientific and effective theoretical guidance:small and medium-sized enterprise logistics capability need to upgrade; small and medium-sized enterprises to improve competitive advantage requires a new approach.
The main purpose of the study of theories. by empirical analysis.is discussing the main factors of affecting the stability of our small and medium-sized enterprises. the stability of medium-sized enterprises dynamic alliance affecting the performance, the relations among logistics capacity, virtual organization, competitive advantages.and operation result.There is existing literature on logistics capacity, virtual organization competitive advantages and operation result.The main practical significance is empirical study of the relations among logistics capacity, virtual organization, competitive advantages and operation result from the perspective of smes, for our small and medium-sized enterprises in the heat of the international competitive environment, enhancing enterprises competitive advantage by reference to proposal.
By sending out1220questionnaires altogether, reclaim investigation questionnaire261, removing29invalid questionnaire, the final232effective samples were got, the empirical research data analysis was done.Data quality analysis:data with descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis on the data; data exploring factor analysis:the dynamic alliance of exploratory factor analysis, enterprise logistics capability exploratory factor analysis, the competitive ability of the enterprise ability of exploring factor analysis confirmatory factor analysis:dynamic alliance:confirmation factor analysis, enterprise logistics ability confirmation factor analysis, enterprise competition ability confirmation factor analysis; structural equation model analysis:violation of estimation of the inspection, structural equation model the overall test of goodness of fit. structural equation model internal structure test of goodness of fit, structural equation model, the latent variable analysis of effect
The four public factors of dynamic alliance respectively were technology partner strength, the partners (in addition to technology other than) the level of resources, and trust between the partners of communication, cooperation and partnership between the level of compatibility.The four public factors of logistics capability respectively were service orientation, logistics reliability, logistics deliver capacity, logistics information processing capability. The five public factors of competition ability espectively were reduce operating costs, enhance innovation ability, increase the strain capacity, improve procurement and supply ability and enhance the sense of competition.Finally, we have determined the measurement of logistics capability, dynamic alliance and competition ability in medium and small-sized Chinese enterprise
According to structural equation modeling (SEM) theory, the use of statistical software SPSS11.5and LISREL8.54. an empirical analysis of relationship between four variables the virtual organization, logistics capabilities, competitive advantage and company performance. The results showed that:there is positive correlation between dynamic stability and the competitiveness; between dynamic alliance and the logistics capabilities, between logistics capability and competitiveness. between competitiveness and performance of the company, and between logistics capability and the performance of the company. and more strong positive correlation between dynamic union adopted the role of logistics capabilities and the enterprise performance, than between the dynamic alliance which did not adopt the role of logistics capabilities and the enterprise performance. Assumption that there is a positive correlation between the Union Stability and performance of the company-was not accepted.
因此,中小企业运作模式需要科学有效的理论指导；中小企业物流能力需要提升；中小企业提高竞争优势需要新的途径。
研究的主要目标：建立研究中小企业动态联盟、物流能力、竞争能力和经营业绩之间的关系的概念模型,并且揭示在中小企业动态联盟对企业的物流能力、竞争能力和经营业绩之间的关系。为中小企业掌握物流能力的关键因素,找到提升物流能力的具体途径和方法,合理选择动态联盟模式和运作机制,提供合理的决策依据。
通过总共发出1220份调查问卷,收回了调查问卷261份,除去了29份无效的问卷,最终有效样本232份,进行了实证研究的数据分析。数据质量分析：数据的描述性统计分析、数据的可靠性分析；数据的探索型因子分析：动态联盟的探索型因子分析、企业物流能力的探索型因子分析、企业竞争能力能力的探索型因子分析；确认型因子分析：动态联盟的确认型因子分析、企业物流能力的确认型因子分析、企业竞争能力能力的确认型因子分析；结构方程模型分析：违反估计的检验、结构方程模型整体拟合度检验、结构方程模型内在结构拟合度检验、结构方程模型的修正、各潜变量间影响效果分析。
利用统计软件进行因子分析,确认了四个中小企业动态联盟评价因子：合作伙伴技术实力、合作伙伴(除技术以外)的资源水平、与合作伙伴之间的信任沟通程度、与合作伙伴之间的相容性水平；四个中小企业物流能力评价因子：客户服务能力、物流可靠性,物流配送能力以及物流信息处理能力；五个中小企业竞争能力评价因子：降低运作成本、增强创新能力、提高应变能力、提高采购与供应能力以及提高竞争意识。最终确定中小企业动态联盟、物流能力、竞争优势等评价模型与评价指标体系。
采用结构方程模型实证分析动态联盟、物流能力、竞争能力和企业业绩四个变量之间的关系,结果表明：动态联盟与竞争能力两者之间存在正相关性；动态联盟与物流能力两者之间存在正相关性；物流能力与竞争能力两者之间存在正相关性；竞争能力与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性；物流能力与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性；动态联盟通过物流能力作用于企业业绩的正相关性,比动态联盟没有通过物流能力作用于企业业绩的正相关性强。动态联盟与企业业绩两者之间存在正相关性的假设未被接受。
Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in China's economic development. At the same time, there are some problems in the process of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the logistics of small and medium-sized enterprises is not satisfactory, from a management perspective, there is little small and medium-sized enterprise logistics management system standard, strategic logistics planning is ignored, logistics management cost is higher, logistics information management level is low, in generally, logistics cost is high, informatization level is low; logistics management personnel are lack:the relative laws and regulations are not perfect; there is the imbalance of regional development:self-run logistics accounts for a large proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises; logistics link is seriously divided, integrated logistics do not form:logistics concept is weakness; industry competition ability is not strong. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprise mode of operation need to be scientific and effective theoretical guidance:small and medium-sized enterprise logistics capability need to upgrade; small and medium-sized enterprises to improve competitive advantage requires a new approach.
The main purpose of the study of theories. by empirical analysis.is discussing the main factors of affecting the stability of our small and medium-sized enterprises. the stability of medium-sized enterprises dynamic alliance affecting the performance, the relations among logistics capacity, virtual organization, competitive advantages.and operation result.There is existing literature on logistics capacity, virtual organization competitive advantages and operation result.The main practical significance is empirical study of the relations among logistics capacity, virtual organization, competitive advantages and operation result from the perspective of smes, for our small and medium-sized enterprises in the heat of the international competitive environment, enhancing enterprises competitive advantage by reference to proposal.
By sending out1220questionnaires altogether, reclaim investigation questionnaire261, removing29invalid questionnaire, the final232effective samples were got, the empirical research data analysis was done.Data quality analysis:data with descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis on the data; data exploring factor analysis:the dynamic alliance of exploratory factor analysis, enterprise logistics capability exploratory factor analysis, the competitive ability of the enterprise ability of exploring factor analysis confirmatory factor analysis:dynamic alliance:confirmation factor analysis, enterprise logistics ability confirmation factor analysis, enterprise competition ability confirmation factor analysis; structural equation model analysis:violation of estimation of the inspection, structural equation model the overall test of goodness of fit. structural equation model internal structure test of goodness of fit, structural equation model, the latent variable analysis of effect
The four public factors of dynamic alliance respectively were technology partner strength, the partners (in addition to technology other than) the level of resources, and trust between the partners of communication, cooperation and partnership between the level of compatibility.The four public factors of logistics capability respectively were service orientation, logistics reliability, logistics deliver capacity, logistics information processing capability. The five public factors of competition ability espectively were reduce operating costs, enhance innovation ability, increase the strain capacity, improve procurement and supply ability and enhance the sense of competition.Finally, we have determined the measurement of logistics capability, dynamic alliance and competition ability in medium and small-sized Chinese enterprise
According to structural equation modeling (SEM) theory, the use of statistical software SPSS11.5and LISREL8.54. an empirical analysis of relationship between four variables the virtual organization, logistics capabilities, competitive advantage and company performance. The results showed that:there is positive correlation between dynamic stability and the competitiveness; between dynamic alliance and the logistics capabilities, between logistics capability and competitiveness. between competitiveness and performance of the company, and between logistics capability and the performance of the company. and more strong positive correlation between dynamic union adopted the role of logistics capabilities and the enterprise performance, than between the dynamic alliance which did not adopt the role of logistics capabilities and the enterprise performance. Assumption that there is a positive correlation between the Union Stability and performance of the company-was not accepted.
引文
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