雅鲁藏布江河谷地貌与地质环境演化
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摘要
雅鲁藏布江是青藏高原上的一条大河,其河谷地貌和地质环境演化的发育历史对于青藏高原地质研究有比较重要的意义。由于雅鲁藏布江流域地理环境恶劣,前人对该区河谷地貌和地质环境演化的研究工作做的较少,即使有一些工作,但是也缺乏确切的年代测定,使得人们对于雅鲁藏布江发育历史至今还不足很清楚。本文通过大量的野外工作,不限于前人研究较多的雅鲁藏布江大拐弯,而且跑遍了整个雅鲁藏布江中游及下游一段,重点解剖了雅鲁藏布江人拐弯、林芝、加查、桑日、杰德秀和人竹卡等剖面,从而对于雅鲁藏布江发育历史比较清楚的了解。讨论了雅鲁藏布江河谷分布江冰川泥石流和风成砂,对于该区地质灾害防治有重要意义。讨论了雅鲁藏布江河谷冰川沉积、冰水沉积和古土壤等地貌,对于研究该区古气候有重要意义。
野外调查发现雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸广泛分布河湖相沉积物、冰碛物、古土壤和河流相沉积物等,采集了大量的样品。用ESR(Electron Spin Resonance)、14C、 OSL(Opically Stimulated Luminesecence)等测年方法分析采集到的样品并确定雅鲁藏布江多个多期古堰塞湖的存在。结合样品的孢粉分析,得到了雅鲁藏布江流域古气候环境演化。在研究区采集多个花岗岩样品,用锆石和磷灰石的裂变径迹分析和夷平而证据得到古雅鲁藏布江流域的河谷地貌。测量了雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸阶地,结合样品所测得年代,确定了雅鲁藏布江在第四纪期间的发育历史。
对雅鲁藏布江流域拉孜县、仁布县、曲水县、桑口县和林芝县等不同地点采集22个花岗岩样品进行了锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹测年,为分析该流域新近纪隆升剥蚀过程和构造地貌演化提供了热年代学资料约束。所获得的样品磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为(1.6+0.2)～(21.8+1.2)MaBP,径迹长度为(12.1+2.6)～(14.2+1.4)μm,单颗粒年龄和径迹长度均呈单峰分布。锆石裂变径迹年龄集中在33-23MaBP,22-9MaBP。1.6-21.8MaBP的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄与9-5MaBP的碰撞后事件相符,代表主要的隆升剥露期,是区内发生高速率沉积事件的记录。并且结合了雅鲁藏布江流域的夷平面形态特征和分布规律以及形成时代探讨了雅鲁藏布江早期发育过程。
通过对雅鲁藏布江加查段河流地貌和构造调查发现,该区具有平行状水系格局,河谷地貌以峡谷和宽谷相间为主要特征,经历了碰撞、挤压和伸展构造演化过程,产生了褶皱-逆冲、走滑剪切、韧性剪切、正断层等构造变形样式。该段河谷地貌的形成演化受构造运动和气候等影响。雅鲁藏布江加查段河流至少从上新世以来沿构造运动产生的不同性质断裂构造溯源侵蚀和气候变化的影响发育而成。
野外考察发现雅鲁藏布江中游河谷发育了11级以上河流阶地,应用ESR、OSL、14C、风成砂和红土-古土壤序列等定年方法,初步确定了阶地的形成时代分别为T11>2000kaBP、T10-1783kaBP、T9-1238kaBP、 T8-684kaBP、T7-382kaBP、T6-150kaBP、T5-82kaBP、T4-67kaBP、T3-43kaBP、T2-28kaBP、Tr-10kaBP,从而对雅鲁藏布江发育历史有了明确认识。根据阶地的沉积特征和年代数据的分析,发现基准面变化、构造运动、气候变化和河曲移动共同控制着雅鲁藏布江中游阶地的形成。最高级河流阶地是河流开始出现的重要标准。在加查县虾日拔河高度560m和朗县北格拔河高度630m雅鲁藏布江的最高级阶地发现渐新世-早中新世大竹卡组砾石,说明雅鲁藏布江最高级阶地在渐新世-早中新世之后形成,由于最高级阶地接近青藏高原主夷平面海拔高度,因此至少7MaBP(中新世晚期)雅鲁藏布江已经存在,这套古老巨厚的河流相砾石层在接近雅鲁藏布江谷底位置的发现,表明雅鲁藏布江很早就已经从青藏高原山顶面下切了2000m以上,已在接近其现今谷底的位置上存在,把青藏高原隆升时代争论推向第四纪之前。这对于研究古雅鲁藏布江的河谷发育及其与青藏高原隆升的关系,具有重要的指示意义。
雅鲁藏布江历史上多次被阻塞形成众多的堰塞湖,已报道过有萨嘎、汀当、大竹卡、仁布、杰德秀、格嘎等古堰塞湖,但都缺乏全而认识雅鲁藏布汀古堰塞湖。本文在雅鲁藏布江中下游第四纪堰塞湖沉积典型剖面观测的基础上,提出雅鲁藏布大峡谷第四纪发育4期堰塞湖,测定了堰塞湖沉积时代,探讨了堰塞湖与冰川发育之间的关系。确定该湖泊4次存在时问是691～505kaBP中更新世冰期、75-40kaBP末次冰期早冰阶、27-8kaBP末次盛冰期和1.8～1.2kaBP新冰期,湖泊存在时间逐渐缩短反l映冰川规模和堰塞坝冰碛物补充能力逐渐减小,堰塞湖和堰塞坝规模也逐渐减小。格嘎至赤白12km雅鲁藏布江河谷为堵江地点。从构造和气候等因素分析了南迦巴瓦峰西坡则隆弄冰川仲入雅鲁藏布江河谷堵江成湖及堰塞湖消亡原因。
雅鲁藏布江河谷植被与地质地貌有密切关系,尤其是植被分布与雅鲁藏布江河谷独特的地貌-垂直自然带较大差异分布有紧密关系。雅鲁藏布江河谷的第四纪孢粉组合有的以木本植物花粉为主,有的以草本植物花粉为主,有的以蕨类植物化粉为主,其含量随地而异。古植被景观主要处于高山灌丛草甸、草原与草甸、草原和森林的交替变化之中。分析了雅鲁藏布江河谷典型沉积剖面的孢粉组合,揭示了青藏高原南部第四纪晚期的古植被演化历史和古气候环境变迁过程。
The Yarlung Zangbo River is a great river on the Tibetan Plateau, the landform of river valley and geological evolution history of development for the study of the Tibetan Plateau geology has an important significance. As a result of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin with a harsh geographical environment, predecessor did less research work for the river valley landform and geological environment evolution of the area, even if some work, but also the lack of exact age determination, it makes the development history of the Yarlung Zangbo River is still not very clear. This paper, through a large number of field work, is not limited to the former more research work at the Grand Bend of the Yarlung Zangbo River, but also all over the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River. The anatomy of profiles for the Grand Bend of Yarlung Zangbo River, Linzhi, Gyaca, Jiedexiu and Dazhuka et al., thus the development history of Yarlung Zangbo River is to know. Discussion of the glacier debris flow and distribution of Aeolian sand in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley is important for the geological disaster prevention. Discussion of the glacial deposits, outwash and ancient soil and other topography has significance for the paleoclimate research on the area.
Field investigation found the Yarlung Zangbo River valley across strait widely distributed fluvial-lacustrine sediments, moraine, ancient soils and river sediments with acquisition of a large number of samples. Using ESR,14C, OSL and other dating methods analysis of the collected samples we determine many ancient dammed lakes for many period. A combination of a sample of pollen analysis obtained the ancient climate evolution of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. In the study area we gather a lot of granite samples and known the valley landform of Yarlung Zangbo River basin with the Zircon and Apatite fission track analysis and planation surface evidence. Measurement of the cross-strait terrace of Yarlung Zangbo River valley, combined with the sample to determine the time, we known the development history of Yarlung Zangbo River in the Quaternary period.
We collected22granite samples in different locations on the basin of the Yarlung Zangbo River at Lazhi County, Renbu County, Qushui County, Sangri County and Linzhi County for zircon and apatite fission track dating. To analyze the basin uplift denudation of the Neogene tectonic geomorphology and evolution it provides a thermal time data constraint. The obtained samples of apatite fission track age of (1.6+0.2)～(21.8+1.2) MaBP, track length is (12.1+2.6)～(14.2+1.4) μm, single particle age and track length showed a single peak distribution. Zircon fission track age center in33～23MaBP,22～9MaBP. The match of1.6～21.8MaBP fission track age and9～5MaBP after collision events, which represents the main uplift and exhumation period, is the high rate deposition event record in the zone. Furthermore, combination of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin with the planation surface morphology characteristics and distribution regularity and forming age of the Yarlung Zangbo River valley during the early development.
Field investigations of the geomorphology of river valleys and tectonics in Gyaca sector of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet show that the sector is characterized by a parallel type drainage pattern and narrow and wide valleys. The sector has undergone a tectonic evolution from collision through compression to extension, thus forming such tectonic deformation styles as folds-thrusts, strike-slip shear, rheological shear, normal faults and graben. The geomorphology of river valleys in Gyaca sector has been controlled by tectonic movement and climate. The drainage system in Gyaca sector of the Yarlung Zangbo River has been formed by headward erosion along faults of different characteristics generated by tectonic movement and climate variation since Pliocene at least.
Field investigation of the geomorphology of river valleys found that the Yarlung Zangbo River middle reaches of the valley developed more than11level river terraces. Application dating methods of ESR (Electron Spin Resonance),14C, Aeolian sand and red clay-paleosol sequence initially identified the formation age of these terraces were T11>2000kaBP, T10-1783kaBP, T9-1238kaBP, T8-684kaBP, T7-382kaBP, T6-150kaBP, T5-82kaBP, T4-67kaBP, T3-43kaBP, T2-28kaBP and T1-10kaBP respectively, therefore we have a clear understanding of the development history of the Yarlung Zangbo River. According to terraces of sedimentary features and age of data analysis, found base level change, tectonic movement, climate change and meander migration joint controlled the terrace formation of the Yarlung Zangbo River. These terrace ages of the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River close to the ages of river terraces near the margin rivers of the Tibetan Plateau, shows that the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and geomorphic of both the overall response have consistency and also differences within the region. Analyzing the linear relation between terrace ages and heights above the river, we calculated the average incision rates of the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River, which is not coincident with the incision rates of otner rivers near the Tibetan Plateau, and reflects the Tibetan Plateau tectonic movement in the time and space differences since Pleistocene. We found Oligocene to early Miocene Dazhuka Formation gravel on the highest order terrace of elevation of3700m (560m above the river level at Xiari in Gyaca County and630m above the river level at Beige in Lang County), which illustrates the Yariung Zangbo River the highest order terrace formed after Oligocene to early Miocene, as it close to the altitude of Main Planation Surface of Tibetan Plateau, so at least7MaBP (Late Miocene) the Yarlung Zangbo River has already existed. These old and thick fluvial gravel layers near the lower location of the Yarlung Zangbo River valley were found, show that the Yarlung Zangbo River has already been cut down2000m or more from the Summit Surface of Tibetan Plateau, has been close its current location on the bottom, advance the uplift era of controversy of the Tibetan Plateau to the previous Quatsrnary. This study of the relationship between the ancient valley development of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has an important significance.
The Yarlung Zangbo River has a history of being blocked many times to form some large lakes. It has been reported with Saga, Jiangdang, Dazhuka, Renbu, Jiedexiu and Gega ancient lakes, but they lack a comprehensive understanding of ancient lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. This paper based on the observation of lake sediments of Quaternary typical profiles in the Yarlung Zangbo River downstream, and put forward to develop four stage dammed lakes during Quaternary, and determine lake depositional age, and discuss the relationship between lakes and glaciers. The lacustrine sediments14C (10537±268aBP at Linzhi Brick and Tile Factory,22510±580aBP and139251204aBP at Bengga,21096±1466aBP at Yusong) and a series of ESR ages at318road in Linzhi town with previous data by other experts, paleolakes persisted for691-505kaBP middle Pleistocene ice age,75-40kaBP the early stage of last glacier,27-8kaBP Last Glacier Maximum (LGM),1.8-1.2kaBP New Glacier Period, existence time of lakes gradually shorten represents glacial scale and dam moraine supply potential gradually cut down, paleolakes and dam scale also gradually diminished. This article analyzed formation and decay cause about the Zelunglung glacier on the west flank of Mount Namjagbarwa got into the Yarlung Zangbo River valley and blocked it for tectonic and climatic factors. There is a site of blocking the valley from Gega to Chibai about12km. This article according to moraines and lacustrine sediments yielded paleolakes scale:the lowest lake base altitude2850m, the highest lake surface altitude3585m,3240m,3180m and2940m, area2885km2,820km2,810km2and100km2, lake maximum depth of735m,390m,330m and90m.
The vegetation and physiognomy in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley are closely related. The vegetation distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley has close relationship with the unique landforms-vertical natural zone of bigger difference distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. The quaternary palynology in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley is mainly in woody plants pollen or herb pollen or ferns pollen with its content varies. The plant landscape was mainly in alpine shrub meadow, grassland and meadow, grassland and forest change alternately. Analysis of Palynological Assemblages of typical deposition profiles in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, the paper reveals the paleovegetation evolution history and ancient climate changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau during late Quaternary.
野外调查发现雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸广泛分布河湖相沉积物、冰碛物、古土壤和河流相沉积物等,采集了大量的样品。用ESR(Electron Spin Resonance)、14C、 OSL(Opically Stimulated Luminesecence)等测年方法分析采集到的样品并确定雅鲁藏布江多个多期古堰塞湖的存在。结合样品的孢粉分析,得到了雅鲁藏布江流域古气候环境演化。在研究区采集多个花岗岩样品,用锆石和磷灰石的裂变径迹分析和夷平而证据得到古雅鲁藏布江流域的河谷地貌。测量了雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸阶地,结合样品所测得年代,确定了雅鲁藏布江在第四纪期间的发育历史。
对雅鲁藏布江流域拉孜县、仁布县、曲水县、桑口县和林芝县等不同地点采集22个花岗岩样品进行了锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹测年,为分析该流域新近纪隆升剥蚀过程和构造地貌演化提供了热年代学资料约束。所获得的样品磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为(1.6+0.2)～(21.8+1.2)MaBP,径迹长度为(12.1+2.6)～(14.2+1.4)μm,单颗粒年龄和径迹长度均呈单峰分布。锆石裂变径迹年龄集中在33-23MaBP,22-9MaBP。1.6-21.8MaBP的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄与9-5MaBP的碰撞后事件相符,代表主要的隆升剥露期,是区内发生高速率沉积事件的记录。并且结合了雅鲁藏布江流域的夷平面形态特征和分布规律以及形成时代探讨了雅鲁藏布江早期发育过程。
通过对雅鲁藏布江加查段河流地貌和构造调查发现,该区具有平行状水系格局,河谷地貌以峡谷和宽谷相间为主要特征,经历了碰撞、挤压和伸展构造演化过程,产生了褶皱-逆冲、走滑剪切、韧性剪切、正断层等构造变形样式。该段河谷地貌的形成演化受构造运动和气候等影响。雅鲁藏布江加查段河流至少从上新世以来沿构造运动产生的不同性质断裂构造溯源侵蚀和气候变化的影响发育而成。
野外考察发现雅鲁藏布江中游河谷发育了11级以上河流阶地,应用ESR、OSL、14C、风成砂和红土-古土壤序列等定年方法,初步确定了阶地的形成时代分别为T11>2000kaBP、T10-1783kaBP、T9-1238kaBP、 T8-684kaBP、T7-382kaBP、T6-150kaBP、T5-82kaBP、T4-67kaBP、T3-43kaBP、T2-28kaBP、Tr-10kaBP,从而对雅鲁藏布江发育历史有了明确认识。根据阶地的沉积特征和年代数据的分析,发现基准面变化、构造运动、气候变化和河曲移动共同控制着雅鲁藏布江中游阶地的形成。最高级河流阶地是河流开始出现的重要标准。在加查县虾日拔河高度560m和朗县北格拔河高度630m雅鲁藏布江的最高级阶地发现渐新世-早中新世大竹卡组砾石,说明雅鲁藏布江最高级阶地在渐新世-早中新世之后形成,由于最高级阶地接近青藏高原主夷平面海拔高度,因此至少7MaBP(中新世晚期)雅鲁藏布江已经存在,这套古老巨厚的河流相砾石层在接近雅鲁藏布江谷底位置的发现,表明雅鲁藏布江很早就已经从青藏高原山顶面下切了2000m以上,已在接近其现今谷底的位置上存在,把青藏高原隆升时代争论推向第四纪之前。这对于研究古雅鲁藏布江的河谷发育及其与青藏高原隆升的关系,具有重要的指示意义。
雅鲁藏布江历史上多次被阻塞形成众多的堰塞湖,已报道过有萨嘎、汀当、大竹卡、仁布、杰德秀、格嘎等古堰塞湖,但都缺乏全而认识雅鲁藏布汀古堰塞湖。本文在雅鲁藏布江中下游第四纪堰塞湖沉积典型剖面观测的基础上,提出雅鲁藏布大峡谷第四纪发育4期堰塞湖,测定了堰塞湖沉积时代,探讨了堰塞湖与冰川发育之间的关系。确定该湖泊4次存在时问是691～505kaBP中更新世冰期、75-40kaBP末次冰期早冰阶、27-8kaBP末次盛冰期和1.8～1.2kaBP新冰期,湖泊存在时间逐渐缩短反l映冰川规模和堰塞坝冰碛物补充能力逐渐减小,堰塞湖和堰塞坝规模也逐渐减小。格嘎至赤白12km雅鲁藏布江河谷为堵江地点。从构造和气候等因素分析了南迦巴瓦峰西坡则隆弄冰川仲入雅鲁藏布江河谷堵江成湖及堰塞湖消亡原因。
雅鲁藏布江河谷植被与地质地貌有密切关系,尤其是植被分布与雅鲁藏布江河谷独特的地貌-垂直自然带较大差异分布有紧密关系。雅鲁藏布江河谷的第四纪孢粉组合有的以木本植物花粉为主,有的以草本植物花粉为主,有的以蕨类植物化粉为主,其含量随地而异。古植被景观主要处于高山灌丛草甸、草原与草甸、草原和森林的交替变化之中。分析了雅鲁藏布江河谷典型沉积剖面的孢粉组合,揭示了青藏高原南部第四纪晚期的古植被演化历史和古气候环境变迁过程。
The Yarlung Zangbo River is a great river on the Tibetan Plateau, the landform of river valley and geological evolution history of development for the study of the Tibetan Plateau geology has an important significance. As a result of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin with a harsh geographical environment, predecessor did less research work for the river valley landform and geological environment evolution of the area, even if some work, but also the lack of exact age determination, it makes the development history of the Yarlung Zangbo River is still not very clear. This paper, through a large number of field work, is not limited to the former more research work at the Grand Bend of the Yarlung Zangbo River, but also all over the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River. The anatomy of profiles for the Grand Bend of Yarlung Zangbo River, Linzhi, Gyaca, Jiedexiu and Dazhuka et al., thus the development history of Yarlung Zangbo River is to know. Discussion of the glacier debris flow and distribution of Aeolian sand in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley is important for the geological disaster prevention. Discussion of the glacial deposits, outwash and ancient soil and other topography has significance for the paleoclimate research on the area.
Field investigation found the Yarlung Zangbo River valley across strait widely distributed fluvial-lacustrine sediments, moraine, ancient soils and river sediments with acquisition of a large number of samples. Using ESR,14C, OSL and other dating methods analysis of the collected samples we determine many ancient dammed lakes for many period. A combination of a sample of pollen analysis obtained the ancient climate evolution of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. In the study area we gather a lot of granite samples and known the valley landform of Yarlung Zangbo River basin with the Zircon and Apatite fission track analysis and planation surface evidence. Measurement of the cross-strait terrace of Yarlung Zangbo River valley, combined with the sample to determine the time, we known the development history of Yarlung Zangbo River in the Quaternary period.
We collected22granite samples in different locations on the basin of the Yarlung Zangbo River at Lazhi County, Renbu County, Qushui County, Sangri County and Linzhi County for zircon and apatite fission track dating. To analyze the basin uplift denudation of the Neogene tectonic geomorphology and evolution it provides a thermal time data constraint. The obtained samples of apatite fission track age of (1.6+0.2)～(21.8+1.2) MaBP, track length is (12.1+2.6)～(14.2+1.4) μm, single particle age and track length showed a single peak distribution. Zircon fission track age center in33～23MaBP,22～9MaBP. The match of1.6～21.8MaBP fission track age and9～5MaBP after collision events, which represents the main uplift and exhumation period, is the high rate deposition event record in the zone. Furthermore, combination of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin with the planation surface morphology characteristics and distribution regularity and forming age of the Yarlung Zangbo River valley during the early development.
Field investigations of the geomorphology of river valleys and tectonics in Gyaca sector of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet show that the sector is characterized by a parallel type drainage pattern and narrow and wide valleys. The sector has undergone a tectonic evolution from collision through compression to extension, thus forming such tectonic deformation styles as folds-thrusts, strike-slip shear, rheological shear, normal faults and graben. The geomorphology of river valleys in Gyaca sector has been controlled by tectonic movement and climate. The drainage system in Gyaca sector of the Yarlung Zangbo River has been formed by headward erosion along faults of different characteristics generated by tectonic movement and climate variation since Pliocene at least.
Field investigation of the geomorphology of river valleys found that the Yarlung Zangbo River middle reaches of the valley developed more than11level river terraces. Application dating methods of ESR (Electron Spin Resonance),14C, Aeolian sand and red clay-paleosol sequence initially identified the formation age of these terraces were T11>2000kaBP, T10-1783kaBP, T9-1238kaBP, T8-684kaBP, T7-382kaBP, T6-150kaBP, T5-82kaBP, T4-67kaBP, T3-43kaBP, T2-28kaBP and T1-10kaBP respectively, therefore we have a clear understanding of the development history of the Yarlung Zangbo River. According to terraces of sedimentary features and age of data analysis, found base level change, tectonic movement, climate change and meander migration joint controlled the terrace formation of the Yarlung Zangbo River. These terrace ages of the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River close to the ages of river terraces near the margin rivers of the Tibetan Plateau, shows that the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and geomorphic of both the overall response have consistency and also differences within the region. Analyzing the linear relation between terrace ages and heights above the river, we calculated the average incision rates of the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River, which is not coincident with the incision rates of otner rivers near the Tibetan Plateau, and reflects the Tibetan Plateau tectonic movement in the time and space differences since Pleistocene. We found Oligocene to early Miocene Dazhuka Formation gravel on the highest order terrace of elevation of3700m (560m above the river level at Xiari in Gyaca County and630m above the river level at Beige in Lang County), which illustrates the Yariung Zangbo River the highest order terrace formed after Oligocene to early Miocene, as it close to the altitude of Main Planation Surface of Tibetan Plateau, so at least7MaBP (Late Miocene) the Yarlung Zangbo River has already existed. These old and thick fluvial gravel layers near the lower location of the Yarlung Zangbo River valley were found, show that the Yarlung Zangbo River has already been cut down2000m or more from the Summit Surface of Tibetan Plateau, has been close its current location on the bottom, advance the uplift era of controversy of the Tibetan Plateau to the previous Quatsrnary. This study of the relationship between the ancient valley development of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has an important significance.
The Yarlung Zangbo River has a history of being blocked many times to form some large lakes. It has been reported with Saga, Jiangdang, Dazhuka, Renbu, Jiedexiu and Gega ancient lakes, but they lack a comprehensive understanding of ancient lakes in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. This paper based on the observation of lake sediments of Quaternary typical profiles in the Yarlung Zangbo River downstream, and put forward to develop four stage dammed lakes during Quaternary, and determine lake depositional age, and discuss the relationship between lakes and glaciers. The lacustrine sediments14C (10537±268aBP at Linzhi Brick and Tile Factory,22510±580aBP and139251204aBP at Bengga,21096±1466aBP at Yusong) and a series of ESR ages at318road in Linzhi town with previous data by other experts, paleolakes persisted for691-505kaBP middle Pleistocene ice age,75-40kaBP the early stage of last glacier,27-8kaBP Last Glacier Maximum (LGM),1.8-1.2kaBP New Glacier Period, existence time of lakes gradually shorten represents glacial scale and dam moraine supply potential gradually cut down, paleolakes and dam scale also gradually diminished. This article analyzed formation and decay cause about the Zelunglung glacier on the west flank of Mount Namjagbarwa got into the Yarlung Zangbo River valley and blocked it for tectonic and climatic factors. There is a site of blocking the valley from Gega to Chibai about12km. This article according to moraines and lacustrine sediments yielded paleolakes scale:the lowest lake base altitude2850m, the highest lake surface altitude3585m,3240m,3180m and2940m, area2885km2,820km2,810km2and100km2, lake maximum depth of735m,390m,330m and90m.
The vegetation and physiognomy in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley are closely related. The vegetation distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley has close relationship with the unique landforms-vertical natural zone of bigger difference distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. The quaternary palynology in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley is mainly in woody plants pollen or herb pollen or ferns pollen with its content varies. The plant landscape was mainly in alpine shrub meadow, grassland and meadow, grassland and forest change alternately. Analysis of Palynological Assemblages of typical deposition profiles in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, the paper reveals the paleovegetation evolution history and ancient climate changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau during late Quaternary.
引文
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