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再生资源回收利用网络研究
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摘要
我国自然资源人均拥有量低于世界平均水平,资源、环境与经济发展的矛盾长期存在,大力发展再生资源产业,提高自然资源利用效率,是实现我国经济可持续发展的必然选择。我国再生资源产业起步于20世纪50年代,目前我国再生资源产业发展初具规模,包括回收、分类、分拣、资源化加工、再利用、销售的回收利用体系逐步完善,形成一些区域性集散地和交易市场,技术水平有所提高,再生资源产业发展成为资源供应的重要补充。但是,我国再生资源回收利用中尚存在不少问题。如再生资源回收网络结点布局不合理、核心企业缺失导致网络自组织程度低,信息网络尚不健全,管理部门监管不力等,这些问题导致再生资源回收利用效率较差。因此,研究再生资源回收利用网络问题具有重要现实意义。
     本文以再生资源回收利用网络为研究对象,以降低再生资源回收利用成本、提高再生资源回收利用效率为目标,综合运用循环经济学理论、大系统理论、城市固体废弃综合管理理论、信息化理论与方法,采取定性与定量相结合、规范分析与实证研究相结合的方法研究再生资源回收利用网络问题。
     归纳起来,本文研究的主要问题有:第一,如河确定再生资源回收利用网络的结构与层次,如何理清物流网络与信息网络的关系;第二,再生资源回收利用信息网络是如何形成的,它与再生资源信息集成平台的关系是什么?第三,为什么要进行再生资源回收利用信息整合?如何进行信息整合?这些研究将回答为什么要研究再生资源回收利用网络与信息整合、如何研究再生资源回收利用网络与信息整合、如何将信息整合应用于再生资源回收利用网络中等关键问题,形成再生资源回收利用网络的完整理论体系,构建再生资源回收利用网络的整体框架,结合丰富的实证分析,为区域再生资源产业发展提供策略与建议。
     论文的主要研究内容如下:
     1.分析再生资源回收利用网络的结构。本文提出,完整的再生资源回收利用网络根据网络要素分为物流网络和信息网络,物流是再生资源回收利用网络的基础,信息是再生资源回收利用网络的驱动机制。根据功能将网络分为业务层级与管理层级。业务层级中既有物流网络,又有信息网络,其中信息网络由回收、加工与交易三个局部网络组成,局部网络中流动的是再生资源回收利用业务信息。通过信息整合,实现回收信息网络与加工信息网络、加工信息网络与交易信息网络的信息共享。网络的管理层级包括企业级管理层、企业联盟管理层与行业管理层。这一层级只有信息网络,没有物流网络。管理层级信息网络中的信息来自于业务层级信息网络业务信息的信息整合。
     2.建立再生资源回收利用物流网络优化模型。通过对再生资源回收利用物流业务流程分析,提出三种物流网络模式,分别为回收企业为网络核心的模式、加工企业为网络核心的模式、混合模式。然后根据再生资源回收利用物流网络节点的定位原则,给出回收中心的定位模型以及集散交易市场的基于AHP的模糊判别综合模型并进行实证分析。最后建立核心企业为加工企业与核心企业为回收企业的物流网络优化模型,并进行实证分析,验证模型的有效性。
     3.基于信息平台的再生资源回收利用网络的构建与管理。从分析再生资源回收利用网络的多级递阶结构与模型入手,指出再生资源回收利用信息集成平台是再生资源回收利用网络的核心,信息平台保证网络中的信息共享,增加了网络的动态性与灵活性。提出建立与管理基于信息平台的再生资源回收利用网络的解决方案。最后分析再生资源回收利用信息集成平台的构建主体,并对信息平台进行需求分析与功能设计。
     4.再生资源回收利用信息整合理论与应用。再生资源回收利用信息整合能够实现网络业务层级各环节之间的信息共享与信息交换,为各管理层级提供准确、全面的信息,是提高网络运行效率的重要手段。这部分首先提出再生资源回收利用信息整合框架,通过分析再生资源回收利用信息整合机制,提出而向流程与面向管理层次两个维度的信息整合的目标与方法,并详细讨论业务流程与管理层次再生资源回收利用信息整合方法的实现。然后分析再生资源回收利用信息整合的数据,包括其数据源、数据库的层次及数据库的分析设计。最后讨论再生资源回收网络联盟的信息整合应用问题,运用平均数方法与数据挖掘的聚类方法,按照订单处理时间与服务范围对回收联盟中的局部网络进行二维分类,并提出局部网络的调整措施。
     5、以上海市NJH废品回收公司为例进行实证分析,构建基于“在线收废”系统上海市废品回收网络、回收物流网络与信息网络的整合、创建再生资源回收数据仓库、对数据仓库进行联机分析处理以及实现基于信息整合的再生资源回收网络联盟的网络优化。这是对前面提出的构建信息平台、建立基于信息平台的再生资源回收利用网络和信息整合的总体实证分析。
     本文的主要创新点为:
     提出并论证了再生资源回收利用网络的概念
     本文突破再生资源回收利用网络的传统概念——物流网络,提出完整的再生资源回收利用网络概念,包括物流网络和信息网络,同时又从纵向的层级视角分析再生资源网络结构。物流网络由再生资源回收利用环节中若干不同或相同的设施构成,它们在空间的分布与组合决定了再生资源回收利用网络的运行成本的高低。信息网络是在再生资源回收利用信息平台的支持下,由再生资源回收利用各环节与各级管驯机构组成。再生资源回收利用物流网络的结构决定企业业务级信息网络的层次。信息网络的运行使得各网络节点能够在适当的时间获得适当的信息,从而提高再生资源回收利用网络的整体运行效率
     构建了再生资源回收利用网络的多级递阶模型
     再生资源回收利用网络是一个多主体、多层级、多环节的复杂大系统。本文运用大系统的多级递阶控制理论,结合再生资源回收利用网络的结构与特征,构建了再生资源回收利用网络的多级递阶模型。明确了信息平台是网络的核心,它使得网络中的控制命令和信息传递解耦,保证网络中的信息共享,增加了网络的动态性与灵活性。
     建立了再生资源回收利用信息整合框架
     信息整合在信息网络的运行中能够满足再生资源回收利用网络中的不同主体对再生资源信息的不同层次的需要,从而促进再生资源回收利用网络价值最大化。本文提出了再生资源回收利用信息整合维度,从业务流程与管理层次两个维度明确了再生资源回收利用信息整合的思路,建立了再生资源回收利用信息整合机制,形成再生资源回收利用信息整合框架。
     提出了基于聚类分类的再生资源回收网络联盟管理方案
     再生资源回收网络联盟是再生资源回收利用网络中的重要组成部分,柔性与层级性结合的组织结构使其管理较普通企业复杂。本文运用数据库技术与数据挖掘中的聚类分类技术,对业务层级信息网络的业务数据进行整合,利用整合后的数据对联盟中的各局部回收网络进行聚类分析,并按工作效率与服务范围进行二维分类,提出相应的网络优化策略,从而达到优化整体回收网络的效果。
The Renewable resources industry is of great significance to alleviate resource constraint contradictions, control pollution from the source, and realize economic sustainable development. The renewable resources industry in China started in the 1950s. At present, a basic formed industry system has been formed, which includes recycling, classification, sorting and recycling processing, reusing, sales. But there are still some problems in renewable resources recycling and reusing in China. For example, the recycling and reusing network physical layout lacking scientific reasonable overall planning, information network of renewable resources recycling and reusing is not perfect and it cannot share infonnation in the whole network that causes lack of organization and coordination of the renewable industry development. So researching on the recycling and reusing network of the renewable resources is of practical importance.
     This dissertation based on the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources as the research object, targets at improving efficiency of the recycling and reusing of renewable resource and employs the theories of cycle economics, large-scale system, integrated management of urban solid waste and information system, takes the qualitative and quantitative, nonnative analysis and empirical standard combination of methods, researches the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources.
     All in all, this dissertation focuses on three fundamental questions:first, how to ensure the structure and level of the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources, how to clear the relationship of Logistics network and information network; second, how is the recycling and reusing information network of renewable resources formed? What is the relationship between information network and information platform of renewable resources. Third, why should we make the infonnation integration of renewable resources recycling and reusing? How to make the information integration? Those discussed issues contribute to why we should research the recycling and reusing network and the information integration of renewable resources? How to research the recycling and reusing network and the information integration of renewable resources, and how to apply the information integration in the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources? Based on these, a theoretical framework about the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources is presented, and the whole framework of the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources is built. Combined with rich empirical analysis, the dissertation provides policy advice for the development of the regional renewable resources industry.
     The topics covered by this dissertation include:
     1. To address and prove the conception of renewable resource recycling and reusing network. The dissertation puts forward an idea that an integrated renewable resource recycling and reusing network comprises of logistic network and information network according to network elements, and can be divided into business level and management levels according to function. The business level which includes logistic network and information network, comprises of three local networks which is recycling, processing and trading, and the renewable resources recycling and reusing business information flows in the local networks. The information between recycling information network and processing information network, processing information network and trading information network, can be shared by information integration. The management levels include enterprise management level, Enterprise alliance management level and industry level. There is information network and is not logistic network in management level. The information of this level is from integrated business information of business level information network. Various agents of renewable resource recycling and reusing network can get the corresponding information through information integration, so the network value can be maximized.
     2. To construct an optimized model of renewable resource recycling and reusing logistic network, three kinds of logistic network models which include that the model of core enterprise is recycling enterprise, the model of core enterprise is processing enterprise and mixed model are present based on analyses into logistic operation flow and network constitutes of renewable resource recycling and reusing. Then the locating model of recycling center and fuzzy discriminator comprehensive model based on AHP of distributed exchange markets are present according to locating rules of the nodes of renewable resource recycling and reusing logistic network. Finally, logistics network optimization models about two kinds of logistic network models which include that the model of core enterprise is recycling enterprise, the model of core enterprise is processing enterprise is built. The empirical analysis is carried out in order to verify the validity of the model.
     3. To construct the recycling and reusing network of renewable resources based on information platform. From the analysis of the multilevel hierarchic structure and model of the renewable resources recycling and reusing network, it is pointed out that the information platform is the key of the renewable resources recycling and reusing network. Information can be shared by information platform. The dynamics and flexibility of the network are increased. The constructive subject of the information platform is analyzed. The demand analysis, overall design, function module design and architecture design of the renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration platform are carried out. The key problem of constructing network and the solution are presented by analyzing the constructive mechanism of renewable resources recycling and reusing network. Management and operation strategy of renewable resources recycling and reusing network are presented from Enterprise alliance management level and industry level two aspects.
     4. To analyze the methods and application of renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration. Information of business level of network can be shared and exchanged, and every level of management can carry the accurate information by renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration. Information integration is an important means to improve the.operating efficiency of the network. First, the data of renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration are analyzed which include its data source, the layers of database and the analysis and design of database. The object and method of information integration facing the process level and management level two dimensions are presented by analyzing the mechanism of renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration. The realization of renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration facing the process level and management level two dimensions is discussed in detail. The application of information integration of renewable resources recycling network alliance is discussed. By integrating the recycling information of renewable resources recycling network alliance, using the average method and cluster method of data mining, the recycling center of renewable resources recycling network alliance can be classified by two dimensions from order processing time and service scope. The adjust measures of subordinate network point of various kinds of recycling center can be carried in order to optimize the whole recycling network.
     5. Empirical analysis is carried out as an example of Shanghai NJH recycling company. The recycling network of Shanghai based on "recycling waste on line" system has been constructed. Recycling logistics network and information network have been integrated. Renewable resources recycling data warehouse has been built and on line analysis and process to data warehouse has been carried out and network optimization of renewable recycling network alliance based information integration has been realized.
     The main innovation points of this dissertation are as follows:
     1. To address and prove the conception of renewable resource recycling and reusing network. This dissertation breaks through the traditional conception of renewable resources recycling and reusing network ---- logistics network, putting forward the whole conception of renewable resources recycling and reusing network. The logistics network consists of various facilities of renewable resources recycling and the reusing link which determine the operating cost of renewable resources recycling and reusing network. Infonnation network consists of renewable resources recycling and reusing link and administration of all levels based on renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration platform. The level of business information network is determined by the structure of renewable resources recycling and reusing logistics network. Infonnation network operating enable the network points to obtain the needed infonnation at the proper time, and the whole operating efficiency renewable resources recycling and reusing network of can be improved.
     2. To construct the multi-level hierarchic model of renewable resources recycling and reusing network. Renewable resources recycling and reusing network is a complex large system with multi-agent, multi-level and multi-elevator. This dissertation constructs the multi-level hierarchic model of renewable resources recycling and reusing network based on infonnation platform by using the large system multilevel hierarchic control theory combined with the structure and features of renewable resources recycling and reusing information network. Information platfonn which is the core of network enables the control command and information transfer of network to decouple, ensuring information sharing of network and increasing the dynamic and flexibility of network.
     3. To establish the framwork of the renewable resources recycling and reusing infonnation integration. Various agents of renewable resource recycling and reusing network can get the corresponding information through information integration, so the network value can be maximized. This dissertation presents ideas and mechanism of renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration from two dimensions--- at the process level and the management level, and offers the solution to renewable resources recycling and reusing information integration from two dimensions.
     4. To put forward the management scheme of renewable resources recycling network alliance based on cluster analyzing. Renewable resources recycling network alliance is an important part of the renewable resources recycling network. The management of it is more complex than the ordinary enterprise because of its Flexible and hierarchy organizational structure. By applying the cluster and classification technology of data mining and using the business data of information network, this dissertation makes a clustering analysis of each local recycling network of the alliance and make a two-dimensional classification according to the work efficiency and the service scope, thus putting forward the corresponding optimization strategy of the network.
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