超宽带拓展距离通信技术研究
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摘要
目前,超宽带系统主要应用于低发射功率的短距离无线互联。但是超宽带技术的发展历史证明,严格的功率谱密度限制并不能保证超宽带通信的电磁兼容性能,相对较低的理论信道容量、较高的处理损耗和严重的频率选择性衰落等因素大大限制了超宽带系统的通信距离和通信速率,高速通信系统的高实现复杂度和高功耗也制约了超宽带技术的推广应用,这种短距离应用的局限性使超宽带技术无法获得足够的市场空间,成为制约超宽带技术发展与实际应用的重要因素。
为了扩展超宽带技术的应用领域,本文依托国家863计划重点项目“超宽带无线通信系统研发与应用示范”课题“中远距离超宽带跨网连接技术”分课题,国家科技重大专项“载波体制超宽带高速无线通信芯片研发与应用示范”课题“超宽带拓展距离应用示范”分课题,以及新世纪优秀人才支持计划课题,围绕超宽带拓展距离通信技术展开研究。通过对超宽带拓展距离通信的六种系统设计策略和四种网络接入策略的分析,指出了目前超宽带拓展距离通信中所存在的缺乏对链路预算与电磁兼容性能的评价、缺乏适合拓展距离应用的系统设计方案和频谱利用率低等问题,并以此为切入点展开本文的具体研究。本文的主要研究内容如下:
1.提出了一些新的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的链路预算与电磁兼容性能评估方法。根据现有的测试结果,较为全面地分析了超宽带拓展距离通信系统的链路预算与干扰半径,并与IEEE 802.11a系统进行了比较。在将超宽带信号和其他通信信号等效为高斯白噪声的条件下,提出了基于干扰温度的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评估方法,得出了在共存条件下超宽带系统的信道容量与具有不同带宽的其他通信系统的信道容量的关系,实现了对电磁兼容性能的量化评价。另外,考虑到超宽带拓展距离通信系统往往具有较高的扩频增益,提出了基于时频分析的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评估方法,指出了具有不同时频特征的超宽带扩频信号在电磁兼容性能方面的差异性。在超宽带扩频信号通过AWGN信道时,推导了高斯白噪声超宽带信号干扰以及四种超宽带扩频信号干扰下具有不同带宽的其他通信系统的误比特率与信干比关系的通用表达式,并通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的正确性,为超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评价和扩频方案选择提供了重要参考。
2.分析了超宽带拓展距离通信的关键技术和系统实现方案。建立了超宽带通信系统的实现方案模型,并通过对超宽带通信系统中基带调制、抗多径处理、扩频和载波变频这四类技术的研究和应用场景分析,以通信速率、通信距离、实现复杂度和功耗为主要评价标准,得出了目前典型的超宽带通信系统实现方案的应用场景,为超宽带拓展距离通信系统的实现方案选型和优化设计提供了重要依据。同时,对六种适合拓展距离应用的超宽带通信系统设计方案进行了具体分析。
3.提出了两种基于Dechirp的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的设计方案。综合考虑拓展距离应用中存在的问题,提出了基于Dechirp和滑动相关的超宽带拓展距离通信系统设计方案。同时,为了节省滑动搜索所需的时间,提升抗多径处理能力,进一步引入了信道化的思想,提出了基于Dechirp和多相滤波的超宽带拓展距离通信系统设计方案。在这两种设计方案中都综合考虑了帧结构设计、信号检测、同步和解调等多方面因素,建立了完整的系统级仿真模型,分析了在使用基于能量检测的OOK解调时系统的误比特率性能,通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的正确性,还进一步评价了该系统在不同传输信道下的性能。目前课题组已经完成了采用这两种方案的超宽带拓展距离通信系统样机的设计与实现,且通过了超过1km传输距离的实际通信测试。
4.提出了基于共享载波垂直网络转换(Shared Carrier Vertical Network Transformation,SCVNT)的超宽带拓展距离通信的网络接入算法。通过对动态频谱分配、垂直切换和多模基站研究现状的分析,针对不同的优化目标,提出了基于最小总阻塞率(Minimum Total Blocking Probability,MTBP)的SCVNT算法和基于最小冗余信道差值(Minimum Redundant Channel Difference,MRCD)的SCVNT算法。建立了蜂窝系统模型和用户运动模型,并基于网内的固定信道分配和动态信道分配,分析了在不同的用户移动性、用户数分布、网络转换判决周期和冗余信道差值门限条件下SCVNT算法的性能。理论分析与仿真实验表明,SCVNT算法可有效提高异构无线网络的总体频谱利用率,提高资源分配的公平性,并可实现平滑升级,具有很好的适应性和较高的应用价值,为不同超宽带拓展距离通信系统的共用载波组网提供了一种解决思路。
At present, UWB systems are mainly applied to short range wireless communications with low transmission power. However, the history of UWB technology has proved that the strict power spectral density limit can not guarantee the electromagnetic compatibility of UWB communication. Such factors as relatively low theoretical channel capacity, high processing losses and severe frequency selective fading will greatly restrict the communication rate and distance. The high implementation complexity and high power consumption of the high rate communication system also restrict the promotion and application of the UWB technology. Limitations of UWB technology chiefly used for short-range communications have made it impossible to secure sufficient market space, which is becoming an important constraint for the development and application of UWB technology.
To extend the application field of UWB technology, this dissertation conducts a research on UWB range extension communication technology. The research is supported by the subproject“Medium and long range UWB inter-network connection technology”of the National 863 Key Project of China“Development and application demonstration of the UWB wireless communication system”, the subproject“Application demonstration of UWB range extension”of the National Science and Technology Major Project of China“Development and application demonstration of carrier-based UWB high-speed wireless communications chips”, and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University. Through the analyses of the six system design strategies and four network access strategies for UWB range extension communication, we have pointed out that in current UWB range extension communication, there is a lack of link budget assessment, electromagnetic compatibility evaluation and system design strategies for range extension application, and that there exist such problems as low spectrum efficiency. Taking these as starting points, the present research deals with the following issues:
1. Some novel methods are proposed for evaluating the performance of the link budget and electromagnetic compatibility for UWB range extension communication system. Based on the available test results, the comprehensive analyses are made of the link budget and interference radius in the UWB range extension communication system, while a comparison is conducted with the IEEE 802.11a system. Under the conditions where UWB signal and other communication signals are treated as equivalent to white Gaussian noise, the electromagnetic compatibility assessment approach based on interference temperature is proposed for the UWB range extension communication system. The relationships between the channel capacity of the UWB system and that of other communication systems with different bandwidths are presented, while the quantitative evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility is implemented. Besides, in view of the relatively high spreading gain in the UWB range extension communication system, the electromagnetic compatibility assessment approach based on time-frequency analysis is proposed for the UWB range extension communication system, and the differences are indicated in electromagnetic compatibility between UWB spread spectrum signals with various time-frequency characteristics. Moreover, the general expressions have been deduced of the relationships between the bit error rate and signal-to-interference ratio of other communication systems with different bandwidths under the interference of the UWB signal equivalent to white Gaussian noise and four UWB spread spectrum signals which pass through AWGN channel. The derived expressions are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The conclusions can be used as important references for the electromagnetic compatibility performance evaluation and the spread spectrum scheme selection of the UWB range extension communication system.
2. The key technologies and system implementation schemes for UWB range extension communication are analyzed. The implementation model for the UWB communication system is established. Based on the researches and application scenario analysis of baseband modulation, anti-multipath processing, spread spectrum and frequency carrier technologies in the UWB communication system, and taking the communication rate, communication distance, implementation complexity and power consumption as the main evaluation criteria, the application scenarios of typical implementation schemes for the UWB communication system are provided. The researches are significant in the implementation scheme selection and optimized design for the UWB range extension communication system. Meanwhile, the specific analyses are made of six UWB communication system design methods suitable for range extension applications.
3. Two UWB range extension communication system design methods based on Dechirp are proposed. In view of the problems in the range extension applications, the UWB range extension communication system design method based on Dechirp and sliding correlation is proposed. In order to save time needed for sliding search and enhance the anti-multipath capability, the idea of channelization is introduced, and the UWB range extension communication system design method based on Dechirp and polyphase filter is proposed. In both methods, such factors as the frame structure design, signal detection, synchronization and demodulation are taken into consideration, and the integrated system level simulation models are established. The analyses are made of the bit error rate performance by using OOK demodulation based on energy detection. The Monte Carlo simulation validates the theoretical deduction, and further evaluations are made of the system performance in different transmission channels. Our research group has now completed the design and implementation of the prototypes of the UWB range extension communication systems by means of the two design methods, and they have passed the over 1km distance communication test.
4. The network access method for UWB range extension communication based on shared carrier vertical network transformation (SCVNT) is proposed. Through the research status analysis of the dynamic spectrum allocation, vertical handoff and multi-mode base stations, aiming at different optimization objectives, the SCVNT algorithm based on minimum total blocking probability (MTBP) and the SCVNT algorithm based on minimum redundant channel difference (MRCD) are proposed. The cellular system model and user mobility model are established, and using fixed channel allocation and dynamic channel allocation in each network, the theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are made in different user mobility conditions, different distribution of the number of users, different network transformation judgment periods and different thresholds of the redundant channel difference. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that SCVNT algorithm can effectively improve the overall spectrum efficiency in heterogeneous wireless networks, enhance fairness in the resource allocation, and make is possible to achieve a smooth upgrade. With good compatibility and high applicability, it can provide a solution for shared carrier networking of different UWB range extension communication systems.
为了扩展超宽带技术的应用领域,本文依托国家863计划重点项目“超宽带无线通信系统研发与应用示范”课题“中远距离超宽带跨网连接技术”分课题,国家科技重大专项“载波体制超宽带高速无线通信芯片研发与应用示范”课题“超宽带拓展距离应用示范”分课题,以及新世纪优秀人才支持计划课题,围绕超宽带拓展距离通信技术展开研究。通过对超宽带拓展距离通信的六种系统设计策略和四种网络接入策略的分析,指出了目前超宽带拓展距离通信中所存在的缺乏对链路预算与电磁兼容性能的评价、缺乏适合拓展距离应用的系统设计方案和频谱利用率低等问题,并以此为切入点展开本文的具体研究。本文的主要研究内容如下:
1.提出了一些新的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的链路预算与电磁兼容性能评估方法。根据现有的测试结果,较为全面地分析了超宽带拓展距离通信系统的链路预算与干扰半径,并与IEEE 802.11a系统进行了比较。在将超宽带信号和其他通信信号等效为高斯白噪声的条件下,提出了基于干扰温度的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评估方法,得出了在共存条件下超宽带系统的信道容量与具有不同带宽的其他通信系统的信道容量的关系,实现了对电磁兼容性能的量化评价。另外,考虑到超宽带拓展距离通信系统往往具有较高的扩频增益,提出了基于时频分析的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评估方法,指出了具有不同时频特征的超宽带扩频信号在电磁兼容性能方面的差异性。在超宽带扩频信号通过AWGN信道时,推导了高斯白噪声超宽带信号干扰以及四种超宽带扩频信号干扰下具有不同带宽的其他通信系统的误比特率与信干比关系的通用表达式,并通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的正确性,为超宽带拓展距离通信系统的电磁兼容性能评价和扩频方案选择提供了重要参考。
2.分析了超宽带拓展距离通信的关键技术和系统实现方案。建立了超宽带通信系统的实现方案模型,并通过对超宽带通信系统中基带调制、抗多径处理、扩频和载波变频这四类技术的研究和应用场景分析,以通信速率、通信距离、实现复杂度和功耗为主要评价标准,得出了目前典型的超宽带通信系统实现方案的应用场景,为超宽带拓展距离通信系统的实现方案选型和优化设计提供了重要依据。同时,对六种适合拓展距离应用的超宽带通信系统设计方案进行了具体分析。
3.提出了两种基于Dechirp的超宽带拓展距离通信系统的设计方案。综合考虑拓展距离应用中存在的问题,提出了基于Dechirp和滑动相关的超宽带拓展距离通信系统设计方案。同时,为了节省滑动搜索所需的时间,提升抗多径处理能力,进一步引入了信道化的思想,提出了基于Dechirp和多相滤波的超宽带拓展距离通信系统设计方案。在这两种设计方案中都综合考虑了帧结构设计、信号检测、同步和解调等多方面因素,建立了完整的系统级仿真模型,分析了在使用基于能量检测的OOK解调时系统的误比特率性能,通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的正确性,还进一步评价了该系统在不同传输信道下的性能。目前课题组已经完成了采用这两种方案的超宽带拓展距离通信系统样机的设计与实现,且通过了超过1km传输距离的实际通信测试。
4.提出了基于共享载波垂直网络转换(Shared Carrier Vertical Network Transformation,SCVNT)的超宽带拓展距离通信的网络接入算法。通过对动态频谱分配、垂直切换和多模基站研究现状的分析,针对不同的优化目标,提出了基于最小总阻塞率(Minimum Total Blocking Probability,MTBP)的SCVNT算法和基于最小冗余信道差值(Minimum Redundant Channel Difference,MRCD)的SCVNT算法。建立了蜂窝系统模型和用户运动模型,并基于网内的固定信道分配和动态信道分配,分析了在不同的用户移动性、用户数分布、网络转换判决周期和冗余信道差值门限条件下SCVNT算法的性能。理论分析与仿真实验表明,SCVNT算法可有效提高异构无线网络的总体频谱利用率,提高资源分配的公平性,并可实现平滑升级,具有很好的适应性和较高的应用价值,为不同超宽带拓展距离通信系统的共用载波组网提供了一种解决思路。
At present, UWB systems are mainly applied to short range wireless communications with low transmission power. However, the history of UWB technology has proved that the strict power spectral density limit can not guarantee the electromagnetic compatibility of UWB communication. Such factors as relatively low theoretical channel capacity, high processing losses and severe frequency selective fading will greatly restrict the communication rate and distance. The high implementation complexity and high power consumption of the high rate communication system also restrict the promotion and application of the UWB technology. Limitations of UWB technology chiefly used for short-range communications have made it impossible to secure sufficient market space, which is becoming an important constraint for the development and application of UWB technology.
To extend the application field of UWB technology, this dissertation conducts a research on UWB range extension communication technology. The research is supported by the subproject“Medium and long range UWB inter-network connection technology”of the National 863 Key Project of China“Development and application demonstration of the UWB wireless communication system”, the subproject“Application demonstration of UWB range extension”of the National Science and Technology Major Project of China“Development and application demonstration of carrier-based UWB high-speed wireless communications chips”, and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University. Through the analyses of the six system design strategies and four network access strategies for UWB range extension communication, we have pointed out that in current UWB range extension communication, there is a lack of link budget assessment, electromagnetic compatibility evaluation and system design strategies for range extension application, and that there exist such problems as low spectrum efficiency. Taking these as starting points, the present research deals with the following issues:
1. Some novel methods are proposed for evaluating the performance of the link budget and electromagnetic compatibility for UWB range extension communication system. Based on the available test results, the comprehensive analyses are made of the link budget and interference radius in the UWB range extension communication system, while a comparison is conducted with the IEEE 802.11a system. Under the conditions where UWB signal and other communication signals are treated as equivalent to white Gaussian noise, the electromagnetic compatibility assessment approach based on interference temperature is proposed for the UWB range extension communication system. The relationships between the channel capacity of the UWB system and that of other communication systems with different bandwidths are presented, while the quantitative evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility is implemented. Besides, in view of the relatively high spreading gain in the UWB range extension communication system, the electromagnetic compatibility assessment approach based on time-frequency analysis is proposed for the UWB range extension communication system, and the differences are indicated in electromagnetic compatibility between UWB spread spectrum signals with various time-frequency characteristics. Moreover, the general expressions have been deduced of the relationships between the bit error rate and signal-to-interference ratio of other communication systems with different bandwidths under the interference of the UWB signal equivalent to white Gaussian noise and four UWB spread spectrum signals which pass through AWGN channel. The derived expressions are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The conclusions can be used as important references for the electromagnetic compatibility performance evaluation and the spread spectrum scheme selection of the UWB range extension communication system.
2. The key technologies and system implementation schemes for UWB range extension communication are analyzed. The implementation model for the UWB communication system is established. Based on the researches and application scenario analysis of baseband modulation, anti-multipath processing, spread spectrum and frequency carrier technologies in the UWB communication system, and taking the communication rate, communication distance, implementation complexity and power consumption as the main evaluation criteria, the application scenarios of typical implementation schemes for the UWB communication system are provided. The researches are significant in the implementation scheme selection and optimized design for the UWB range extension communication system. Meanwhile, the specific analyses are made of six UWB communication system design methods suitable for range extension applications.
3. Two UWB range extension communication system design methods based on Dechirp are proposed. In view of the problems in the range extension applications, the UWB range extension communication system design method based on Dechirp and sliding correlation is proposed. In order to save time needed for sliding search and enhance the anti-multipath capability, the idea of channelization is introduced, and the UWB range extension communication system design method based on Dechirp and polyphase filter is proposed. In both methods, such factors as the frame structure design, signal detection, synchronization and demodulation are taken into consideration, and the integrated system level simulation models are established. The analyses are made of the bit error rate performance by using OOK demodulation based on energy detection. The Monte Carlo simulation validates the theoretical deduction, and further evaluations are made of the system performance in different transmission channels. Our research group has now completed the design and implementation of the prototypes of the UWB range extension communication systems by means of the two design methods, and they have passed the over 1km distance communication test.
4. The network access method for UWB range extension communication based on shared carrier vertical network transformation (SCVNT) is proposed. Through the research status analysis of the dynamic spectrum allocation, vertical handoff and multi-mode base stations, aiming at different optimization objectives, the SCVNT algorithm based on minimum total blocking probability (MTBP) and the SCVNT algorithm based on minimum redundant channel difference (MRCD) are proposed. The cellular system model and user mobility model are established, and using fixed channel allocation and dynamic channel allocation in each network, the theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are made in different user mobility conditions, different distribution of the number of users, different network transformation judgment periods and different thresholds of the redundant channel difference. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that SCVNT algorithm can effectively improve the overall spectrum efficiency in heterogeneous wireless networks, enhance fairness in the resource allocation, and make is possible to achieve a smooth upgrade. With good compatibility and high applicability, it can provide a solution for shared carrier networking of different UWB range extension communication systems.
引文
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