沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）品种对黄矮根腐病（Embellisia astragali）的抗性评价
|
摘要
沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)是我国北方广为栽培的重要豆科牧草,抗旱、耐瘠薄,耐风沙,在改善环境、发展生产中发挥着重要作用。埃里砖格孢(Embellisia astragali Li & Nan nov. sp.)引致的黄矮根腐病是造成沙打旺草地早衰的最主要真菌病害之一。本论文通过实验室试验、温室试验和田问试验,评价了我国当前主要沙打旺品种对黄矮根腐病的抗病性,并初步探讨了其抗病机制,参试品种包括鄂尔多斯、固原野生、河南、辽宁阜新、内蒙古早熟、宁夏彭阳、普通、陕西榆林、杂花和中沙一号沙打旺等10个品种。主要研究结果如下：
1.实验室条件下,10个品种,接种埃里砖格孢后15日龄幼苗的干重为7.00-15.08mg/皿,与未接种的对照苗相比,降低幅度为19.80%-46.79%,其中降低最多的为内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳等两个品种,干重分别降低了46.79%和44.35%,降低最少的为中沙一号,其干重比未接种的对照仅降低了19.80%。各品种的发病率、病情指数和死亡率分别为75.70%-90.60%,16.00-78.00,和10.20%-36.60%,其中内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳两品种的上述三项指标最高,分别为90.60%和88.76%、78.00和74.00,36.60%和34.11%；陕西榆林和中沙一号两品种的上述指标最低,分别是77.13%和75.70%,20.00和16.00,11.80%和10.20%。
2.温室条件下,参试的10个品种,接种或不接种埃里砖格孢,盆栽生长24周的单株干重为0.90g-2.17g,与未接种幼苗相比,干重降低17.74%-63.20%；降低最多的为内蒙古早熟,降低最少的为中沙一号。各品种的发病率、病情指数和死亡率分别为33.70%-76.80%,19.17-70.37,和10.91%-55.56%,其中内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳两品种的上述三项指标最高,分别为75.50%和76.80%、70.37和67.62,55.56%和51.11%；陕西榆林和中沙一号两个品种的上述指标最低,分别是35.20%和33.70%,19.17和17.27,12.73%和10.91%。
3.2010和2011连续两年,在甘肃省环县具有发病史的地块开展的田间试验,对10个品种抗病性评价表明,两年平均田间植株干重为5.15g-6.96g,干重较高的品种为中沙一号和辽宁阜新,分别为6.96g和6.69g,干重较低的品种为固原野生和宁夏彭阳,分别为5.15g和5.52g。发病率最高的为内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳,发病率分别为82.33%和80.53%,发病率最低为中沙一号,为33.67%。死亡率最高的为固原野生和内蒙古早熟,分别达59.16%和59.26%,最低的为陕西榆林,仅35.46%。两年间平均病情指数以内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳为最高,分别为43.69和43.81,而中沙一号最低,为14.69。
4.相关性分析表明,实验室试验、温室试验和田间试验获得的各品种的发病率、死亡率和病情指数均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),决定系数为0.82-0.99,可用二元回归方程y=8.28+0.18x1+0.15x2表示,其中Y=田间病情指数,X1=实验室试验的病情指数,X2=温室试验的病情指数。实验室和温室试验结果,可以用来初步筛选和评价沙打旺的抗病性,其与沙打旺品种田间抗病性显著相关,决定系数为0.83。
5.以抗病品种中沙一号和感病品种内蒙古早熟为材料,比较了两个品种的抗病机理。抗病品种和感病品种中孢子萌发后芽管长度分别为79.9μm和103.7μm,侵入点密度分别为34.6个/mm2和38.8个/mm2,侵入率分别为16.7%和58.6%,说明抗病品种上孢子萌发受到抑制,侵入程度明显低于感病品种。抗病品种与感病品种的叶片表皮细胞密度分别为80.30个/mm2和56.55个/mm2,气孔密度分别为10.95个/mm2和18.80个/mm2,栅栏组织层数分别为3.00层和1.75层,栅栏组织细胞密度分别为59.60个/mm和41.2个/mm,角质层厚度分别为20.25μm和9.54μm。相关分析表明,沙打旺对黄矮根腐病的抗性与叶片表皮细胞密度、栅栏组织层数、栅栏组织细胞密度以及角质层厚度等均呈正相关,与气孔密度呈负相关。抗病品种与感病品种丙二醛(MDA)含量峰值分别出现于5d和7d,峰值为16.4μmol·g-1 FW和21.33μmol·g-1 FW。抗病品种与感病品种过氧化物酶(POD)活性峰值分别出现于1d和9d,峰值分别为663.5 U/g FW·min和511.7U/g FW·min。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶以及几丁质酶这些保护性酶的活性变化与前两者有相似趋势,抗病品种在受到侵染时保护性酶活性上升快、活性高,而感病品种与之相反,受侵染后保护性酶活性上升缓慢、峰值低。
通过对与病症表现相关的11个形态学、生理学和病理学指标的综合评价与数学分析,初步认为,参试的10个品种中,陕西榆林和中沙一号为抗病品种,普通和杂花沙打旺为中抗品种,鄂尔多斯、固原野生、河南和辽宁阜新为中感品种,内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳为感病品种。
Standing milkvetch(Astragalus adsurgens) is an important forage legume. It has the triats of drought tolerance, high herbage dry matter yield and wide adaptability, which enable the crop plays important roles in fixing sand,dune,controling soil and water erosion,improving soil fertility,and development of livestock production. Fungal diseases are one of the limiting factors for standing milkvetch production and persistence. Yellow dawarf root rot disease caused by Embellisia astragali is a disease reported recently. The disease is responsible for the stand decline and poor persistence,low productivity of the standing milkvetch in northern China where the crop is growing. Use of disease resistant cultivar is the most effective method to control the disease. However, there is no information available on resistance to Embellisia astragali among the cultivars used in practice. Therefore, a series of experiments were carried out in laboratory, greenhouse and field for evaluating the resistance of standing milkvetch cultivars to Embellisia astragali. The main results are as the follows:
1. In laboratory conditions, germination in 3d of all inoculated varieties were 40%-71%, which were 13.1%-177.8% higher than control. The highest germination variety was Neimeng and the lowest germination variety was Zhongsha No.1. Shoot length of all varieties was reduced by E. astragali inoculation, and six varieties, Erdos, Guyuan, Henan, Liaoning, Neimeng and Ningxia, showed significant (P<0.05) and the decreased rate was more than 20%. Varieties of Neimeng (2.57cm) and Ningxia (2.48cm) had a significantly greater (P<0.05)mycelium distribution range compared with other varieties. In contrast, varieties of Shanxi (1.42cm) and Zhongsha No.1 (1.37cm) had a significantly small-scale (P<0.05) mycelium distribution compared with other varieties. Incidence (90.60%、88.76%), mortality (36.60%,34.11%) and DSI (78.00,74.00) of Neimeng and Ningxia were significantly higher than other varieties. Conversely, Shanxi and Zhongsha No.1 had the lowest Incidence, mortality and DSI. In greenhouse and field conditions, emergence, plant height, root length, plant dry weight, incident, mortality and DSI had the same trend with laboratory results. Meanwhile, inoculation reduced the leaf number, leaf thickness, leaf area, stem diameter and all photosynthetic characters, but increased the stem number.
2. Results from laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments showed very similar trends. Every disease parameter was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with all other disease parameters even if in different experiments (correlation coefficient ranging from 0.85 to 0.99). Multiple linear regression analysis showed DSI of different varieties in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with that of the field experiment. The dualistic linear regression equation between the DSI of the field experiment (y) and that of the laboratory experiment (x1) and the greenhouse experiment (X2) was: y=8.28+0.18x1+0.15x2 (R2=0.83). Emergence and other 10 parameters were used to evaluated the resistance of all varieties to Embellisia astragali with grey relate degree analysis, principal component analysis and other three mathematical models. According to the research reported here, the most resistant varieties of those tested are Shanxi and Zhongsha No.1, the moderately resistant varieties are Putong and Zahua, the moderately susceptible varieties are Erdos, Guyuan, Henan and Liaoning, and the most susceptible varieties are Neimeng and Ningxia.
3. Plant defence mechanisms are usually complex and composed of multiple layers of defence that are effective against diverse array of pathogens. There were positive correlations between disease resistance and the epidermis cell density, palisade tissue layers, palisade tissue cell density, corneum thickness. But there were negative correlations between disease resistance and stoma density. There were also positive correlations between disease resistance and the activities of all the enzymes such as POD、SOD、PPO、PAL、β-1,3-glucanse and chitinase. But there were negative correlations between disease resistance and MDA activity. After inoculation, the levels of endogenous phytohormones in both resistant and susceptible varieties were increased, especially in susceptible variety Neimeng. Disorders of endogenous phytohormones after inoculation would lead to a series of symptoms even malformations. In resistant varieties, the length of germ tube, penetration density and penetration were significantly (P<0.01) lower than that in susceptible varieties. As colonization of the cortex, hyphae in resistant varieties were much less than that in susceptible varieties in the same time. More over, hyphae spread much.slower in resistant varieties than in susceptible varieties. Papillae were often found at sites of penetration, but the percentages of papillae in resistant varieties were much higher than that in susceptible varieties. Intercellular hyphae penetrated cortical cell and formed haustoria in it. In resistant varieties haustoria was covered by cell wall appositions, and some haustoria were malformed.
1.实验室条件下,10个品种,接种埃里砖格孢后15日龄幼苗的干重为7.00-15.08mg/皿,与未接种的对照苗相比,降低幅度为19.80%-46.79%,其中降低最多的为内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳等两个品种,干重分别降低了46.79%和44.35%,降低最少的为中沙一号,其干重比未接种的对照仅降低了19.80%。各品种的发病率、病情指数和死亡率分别为75.70%-90.60%,16.00-78.00,和10.20%-36.60%,其中内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳两品种的上述三项指标最高,分别为90.60%和88.76%、78.00和74.00,36.60%和34.11%；陕西榆林和中沙一号两品种的上述指标最低,分别是77.13%和75.70%,20.00和16.00,11.80%和10.20%。
2.温室条件下,参试的10个品种,接种或不接种埃里砖格孢,盆栽生长24周的单株干重为0.90g-2.17g,与未接种幼苗相比,干重降低17.74%-63.20%；降低最多的为内蒙古早熟,降低最少的为中沙一号。各品种的发病率、病情指数和死亡率分别为33.70%-76.80%,19.17-70.37,和10.91%-55.56%,其中内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳两品种的上述三项指标最高,分别为75.50%和76.80%、70.37和67.62,55.56%和51.11%；陕西榆林和中沙一号两个品种的上述指标最低,分别是35.20%和33.70%,19.17和17.27,12.73%和10.91%。
3.2010和2011连续两年,在甘肃省环县具有发病史的地块开展的田间试验,对10个品种抗病性评价表明,两年平均田间植株干重为5.15g-6.96g,干重较高的品种为中沙一号和辽宁阜新,分别为6.96g和6.69g,干重较低的品种为固原野生和宁夏彭阳,分别为5.15g和5.52g。发病率最高的为内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳,发病率分别为82.33%和80.53%,发病率最低为中沙一号,为33.67%。死亡率最高的为固原野生和内蒙古早熟,分别达59.16%和59.26%,最低的为陕西榆林,仅35.46%。两年间平均病情指数以内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳为最高,分别为43.69和43.81,而中沙一号最低,为14.69。
4.相关性分析表明,实验室试验、温室试验和田间试验获得的各品种的发病率、死亡率和病情指数均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),决定系数为0.82-0.99,可用二元回归方程y=8.28+0.18x1+0.15x2表示,其中Y=田间病情指数,X1=实验室试验的病情指数,X2=温室试验的病情指数。实验室和温室试验结果,可以用来初步筛选和评价沙打旺的抗病性,其与沙打旺品种田间抗病性显著相关,决定系数为0.83。
5.以抗病品种中沙一号和感病品种内蒙古早熟为材料,比较了两个品种的抗病机理。抗病品种和感病品种中孢子萌发后芽管长度分别为79.9μm和103.7μm,侵入点密度分别为34.6个/mm2和38.8个/mm2,侵入率分别为16.7%和58.6%,说明抗病品种上孢子萌发受到抑制,侵入程度明显低于感病品种。抗病品种与感病品种的叶片表皮细胞密度分别为80.30个/mm2和56.55个/mm2,气孔密度分别为10.95个/mm2和18.80个/mm2,栅栏组织层数分别为3.00层和1.75层,栅栏组织细胞密度分别为59.60个/mm和41.2个/mm,角质层厚度分别为20.25μm和9.54μm。相关分析表明,沙打旺对黄矮根腐病的抗性与叶片表皮细胞密度、栅栏组织层数、栅栏组织细胞密度以及角质层厚度等均呈正相关,与气孔密度呈负相关。抗病品种与感病品种丙二醛(MDA)含量峰值分别出现于5d和7d,峰值为16.4μmol·g-1 FW和21.33μmol·g-1 FW。抗病品种与感病品种过氧化物酶(POD)活性峰值分别出现于1d和9d,峰值分别为663.5 U/g FW·min和511.7U/g FW·min。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶以及几丁质酶这些保护性酶的活性变化与前两者有相似趋势,抗病品种在受到侵染时保护性酶活性上升快、活性高,而感病品种与之相反,受侵染后保护性酶活性上升缓慢、峰值低。
通过对与病症表现相关的11个形态学、生理学和病理学指标的综合评价与数学分析,初步认为,参试的10个品种中,陕西榆林和中沙一号为抗病品种,普通和杂花沙打旺为中抗品种,鄂尔多斯、固原野生、河南和辽宁阜新为中感品种,内蒙古早熟和宁夏彭阳为感病品种。
Standing milkvetch(Astragalus adsurgens) is an important forage legume. It has the triats of drought tolerance, high herbage dry matter yield and wide adaptability, which enable the crop plays important roles in fixing sand,dune,controling soil and water erosion,improving soil fertility,and development of livestock production. Fungal diseases are one of the limiting factors for standing milkvetch production and persistence. Yellow dawarf root rot disease caused by Embellisia astragali is a disease reported recently. The disease is responsible for the stand decline and poor persistence,low productivity of the standing milkvetch in northern China where the crop is growing. Use of disease resistant cultivar is the most effective method to control the disease. However, there is no information available on resistance to Embellisia astragali among the cultivars used in practice. Therefore, a series of experiments were carried out in laboratory, greenhouse and field for evaluating the resistance of standing milkvetch cultivars to Embellisia astragali. The main results are as the follows:
1. In laboratory conditions, germination in 3d of all inoculated varieties were 40%-71%, which were 13.1%-177.8% higher than control. The highest germination variety was Neimeng and the lowest germination variety was Zhongsha No.1. Shoot length of all varieties was reduced by E. astragali inoculation, and six varieties, Erdos, Guyuan, Henan, Liaoning, Neimeng and Ningxia, showed significant (P<0.05) and the decreased rate was more than 20%. Varieties of Neimeng (2.57cm) and Ningxia (2.48cm) had a significantly greater (P<0.05)mycelium distribution range compared with other varieties. In contrast, varieties of Shanxi (1.42cm) and Zhongsha No.1 (1.37cm) had a significantly small-scale (P<0.05) mycelium distribution compared with other varieties. Incidence (90.60%、88.76%), mortality (36.60%,34.11%) and DSI (78.00,74.00) of Neimeng and Ningxia were significantly higher than other varieties. Conversely, Shanxi and Zhongsha No.1 had the lowest Incidence, mortality and DSI. In greenhouse and field conditions, emergence, plant height, root length, plant dry weight, incident, mortality and DSI had the same trend with laboratory results. Meanwhile, inoculation reduced the leaf number, leaf thickness, leaf area, stem diameter and all photosynthetic characters, but increased the stem number.
2. Results from laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments showed very similar trends. Every disease parameter was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with all other disease parameters even if in different experiments (correlation coefficient ranging from 0.85 to 0.99). Multiple linear regression analysis showed DSI of different varieties in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with that of the field experiment. The dualistic linear regression equation between the DSI of the field experiment (y) and that of the laboratory experiment (x1) and the greenhouse experiment (X2) was: y=8.28+0.18x1+0.15x2 (R2=0.83). Emergence and other 10 parameters were used to evaluated the resistance of all varieties to Embellisia astragali with grey relate degree analysis, principal component analysis and other three mathematical models. According to the research reported here, the most resistant varieties of those tested are Shanxi and Zhongsha No.1, the moderately resistant varieties are Putong and Zahua, the moderately susceptible varieties are Erdos, Guyuan, Henan and Liaoning, and the most susceptible varieties are Neimeng and Ningxia.
3. Plant defence mechanisms are usually complex and composed of multiple layers of defence that are effective against diverse array of pathogens. There were positive correlations between disease resistance and the epidermis cell density, palisade tissue layers, palisade tissue cell density, corneum thickness. But there were negative correlations between disease resistance and stoma density. There were also positive correlations between disease resistance and the activities of all the enzymes such as POD、SOD、PPO、PAL、β-1,3-glucanse and chitinase. But there were negative correlations between disease resistance and MDA activity. After inoculation, the levels of endogenous phytohormones in both resistant and susceptible varieties were increased, especially in susceptible variety Neimeng. Disorders of endogenous phytohormones after inoculation would lead to a series of symptoms even malformations. In resistant varieties, the length of germ tube, penetration density and penetration were significantly (P<0.01) lower than that in susceptible varieties. As colonization of the cortex, hyphae in resistant varieties were much less than that in susceptible varieties in the same time. More over, hyphae spread much.slower in resistant varieties than in susceptible varieties. Papillae were often found at sites of penetration, but the percentages of papillae in resistant varieties were much higher than that in susceptible varieties. Intercellular hyphae penetrated cortical cell and formed haustoria in it. In resistant varieties haustoria was covered by cell wall appositions, and some haustoria were malformed.
引文
白儒,侯天爵.沙打旺和紫花苜蓿种带真菌检验初报[J].草业科学,1990,7(1)：46-48.
柴一秋,陈利锋,王金生.甘薯根腐病菌侵染对甘薯内源激素水平的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2007,33(4)：318-324.
陈海燕.杨树溃疡病病原菌营养体亲和性研究[D].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2006.
陈基萍,马尧,路浩,王占新,赵宝玉.疯草内生真菌研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2011,32(2)：77-81.
陈捷胤,戴小枫.棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(3)：427-435.
陈晓梅,郭顺星.植物抗病性物质的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(6)：658-664.
丁成龙.多花黑麦草遗传连锁图的构建及抗灰叶斑病基因的分子标记[D].南京：南京农业大学,2005.
董雁适,程翼宇.基于逐步条件相关性分析的因果关系发现方法[J].模式识别与人工智能,2002,4：478-483.
杜近义,胡国赋,秦际威.植物次生代谢产物的生态学意义[J].生物学杂,1999,5：9-27.
段传人,王伯初,徐世荣.环境应力对植物次生代谢产物形成的作用[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(10)：67-71.
方中达.第八章,植物病原物的接种,见方中达主编：植病研究方法[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,p62-74.
冯丽娜,刘常红,杨文香,刘大群,贾继增.粗山羊草苗期抗叶锈性鉴定及抗叶锈基因推导[J].河北农业大学学报,2008,31(5)：75-80.
冯丽贞,刘玉宝,郭素枝.黄榕辉,郭文硕.桉树叶片的解剖结构与其对焦枯病抗性的关系[J].电子显微镜学报,2008,27(3)：229-234.
甘肃畜牧厅主编.甘肃省牧草区划[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1991.
谷守芹,范永山,崔金旺,等.氮饥饿对玉米大斑病菌生长和发育的影响[J].玉米科学2008,16(6)：108-110.
关秀琦,邹厚远,韩蕊连.野生沙打旺的引种实验研究[J].水土保持通报,1995,15(1)：29-31.
关秀琦,邹厚远,鲁子瑜,等.黄土高原草地生产持续发展研究Ⅰ.沙打旺人工草地衰退后的草种更替[J].水土保持研究,1994,(3)：56-60.
郭金芳,潘俊松,王琛,赵智燕,何亚丽.病程相关蛋白与植物抗病性关系的研究及其在草坪草抗病育种中的应用[J].草业学报,2008,17(6)：156-163.
郭金芳.高羊茅草坪草种质资源的抗褐斑性鉴定及其相关蛋白的分析[D].上海：上海交通 大学,2008.
郭晋云,胡晓峰,李勇,王敏,沈其荣,郭世伟.黄瓜枯萎病对黄瓜光合和水分生理特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(1)：79-83.
郭萍,井金学,商鸿生等.柔软滨麦草及其杂交后代抗条锈性的组织病理学研究[J].植物病理学报,2002,(8)：272-277.
韩路,贾志宽,韩清芳,刘玉华.苜蓿种质资源特性的灰色关联度分析与评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(3)：59-64.
贺忠群,李焕秀,汤浩茹.立枯丝核菌侵染下AMF对黄瓜内源激素的影响[J].中国农学通报2010,26(17)：187-190.
侯天爵,黄鸿章.中国首蓓品种对黄萎病抗病性鉴定[J].植物病理学报,1994.4：328.
黄文娟.棉花核不育系GA18的杂种优势及其组合的性状相关分析[D].四川：四川农业大学,2009.
江浩浩.基于灰色关联度和主成分分析的草本植物护坡效果评价[D].黑龙江：东北林业大学,2009.
姜淑苓,贾敬贤,王斐,欧春青,王西成,马力.早金香梨抗黑星病鉴定及组织结构与抗病关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(4)：215-217.
蒋昌顺,邹冬梅,张义正.柱花草炭疽病及其抗病育种研究进展[J].四川草原,2002,1：22-24,27.
蒋昌顺.感病与抗病柱花草遗传多态性研究[D].四川：四川大学,2004.
蒋道伟,司龙亭.不同抗性黄瓜自交系接种白粉病原菌后生理特性的变化[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(8)：161-165.
赖志强.柱花草炭疽病与抗病育种[J].中国草地,1997,3：58-65.
李春杰,南志标,王贇文,朱廷恒.高山草原条件下苜蓿种质抗霜霉性评价[J].草业学报,2000,9(4)：44-51.
李春杰,南志标.引种草坪草的适应性评价及病害和草害[J].草业科学,2003(4)：68-72.
李春杰,南志标.甘肃草坪草真菌病害初报[J].草业科学,1998,14(1)：48-50.
李春杰,南志标.苜蓿种带真菌及其致病性测定[J].草业学报,2000,9(1)：27-36.
李聪,苗丽宏,李蕾蕾.沙打旺品质改良育种研究报告[C].中国草学会牧草育种专业委员会2007年学术研讨会论文集,2007.
李冠,欧阳光察.植物诱导抗病性[J].植物生理学通讯,1990,6：1-5.
李海英,倪红涛,杨庆凯.大豆叶片结构与灰斑病抗性的研究Ⅰ大豆叶片气孔密度、茸毛密度与灰斑病抗性的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2)：58-60,66.
李海英,刘亚光,杨庆凯.大豆叶片结构与灰斑病抗性的研究Ⅱ.大豆叶片组织结构与灰斑病抗性的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2)：58-60,66.
李红.诱变育成沙打旺早熟品种的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1997,6：21-22.
李建科.中国疯草研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(9)：1091-1099.
李金堂,傅俊范,李海春,薛腾,刘博,李阳,薛彩云,林天行.寄主生育期、接种条件对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发生的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(6)：147-151.
李锦华,田福平,马振宇.苜蓿新品种“中兰1号”的选育及其栽培要点[J].中国草食动物,2008,1：43-45.
李蕾蕾.沙打旺种子生产关键技术研究及其3-NPA的检测[D].北京：中国农业科学院,2007.
李明,曾任森,骆世明.次生代谢产物在植物抵抗病虫为害中的作用[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(3)：269-273.
李瑞芬,李聪,苏加楷.沙打旺种质资源遗传多样性RAPD分析[J].草地学报,2001,9(3)：171-175,190.
李彦忠,南志标.埃里砖格孢属真菌的研究进展及展望[J].草业学报,2009,18(1)：171-178.
李彦忠.沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.)黄矮根腐病(Embellisia astragali sp. nov. Li & Nan)的研究[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2007.
刘爱萍,孙启忠,胡俊,聂素梅,闫志坚,王慧.沙打旺根腐病病原生物学的研究[J].中国草地,2003,25(2)：72-74.
刘爱萍.沙打旺草地病虫害综合防治技术[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005,24：126-127.
刘爱媛,陈维信,李欣允.菜心不同抗病品种感染炭疽病菌后丙二醛含量及几种酶活性的变化[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(4)：433-434.
刘海波.利用病原菌毒素筛选抗根腐病苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)的研究[D].重庆：西南大学,2006.
刘慧霞,郭正刚,郭兴华,周雪荣,惠文森,王康英.不同土壤水分条件下硅对紫花苜蓿水分利用效率及产量构成要素的影响[J].生态学报,2009,6：3075-3080.
刘建秀.云雾山天然草地野生匍匐型沙打旺种群生长发育规律的初步探讨[J].牧草与饲科,1992,2：22-24.
刘若.第四章,病原物的致病性和寄主的抗病性,见刘若：草原保护学(第二版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,p39-43.
刘媖心.豆科.见刘媖心主编：中国沙漠植物志(第二卷)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987,p168.
刘愿英,刘建军,刘建秀.野生匍伏型沙打旺低温下正常开花结实原因探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(4)：88-93.
刘愿英,刘建军,刘建秀.野生匍伏型沙打旺饲用价值的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(3)：110-116.
卢萍,赵萌莉,韩国栋,李晓欢,王雨梅.内蒙古疯草及其研究进展[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1)：63-68.
芦满济,杜福成,杨志爱.冷温半干旱黄土丘陵区荒坡地沙打旺系统生态效能的调查研究[J].草业科学,1994,11(2)：48-51.
陆宁海,吴利民,田雪亮,郎剑锋,徐瑞富.黄瓜褐斑病菌侵染条件及致病性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(10)：2186-2187.
陆宁海,徐瑞富,吴利民,田雪亮.番茄褐斑病菌的侵染条件及致病性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33：91-94.
吕秀兰,苟琳,龚荣高等.葡萄品种对霜霉病抗性鉴定的生化指标研究[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(6)：512-517.
吕秀兰,张光伦,苟琳,等.利用过氧化物同工酶进行葡萄品种及霜霉病抗性鉴定研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2005(4)：7-11,16.
罗英,单志慧,周新安等.大豆抗锈种质的评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(4)：457-460.
毛建辉,卢代华,何明.持续低温对水稻稻瘟病抗性的影响[J].植物保护学报,1999,6(2)：97-102.
孟芳,袁庆华,苏德荣.紫花苜蓿抗褐斑病ISSR分子标记研究[J].草地学报,2007,15(6)：264-268.
孟季蒙,尹君亮.新疆紫花苜蓿引种筛选研究[J].草原与草坪,2006,2：59-61.
南丽丽.牧草种质资源中心库入库保存材料的特征特性评价[D].甘肃：甘肃农业大学,2008.
南志标,李春杰,王贇文,等.苜蓿褐斑病对牧草质量光合速率的影响及田间抗病性[J].草业学报,2001,10(1)：26-34.
南志标,李琪,刘照辉.田间条件下苜蓿种质抗锈性评价[J].草业科学,1991,8(2)：19-22.
南志标.建立中国的牧草病害可持续管理体系[J].草业学报,2000,9(2)：1-9.
南志标.沙打旺种带真菌——环境、致病力及防治[J].草业学报,]998,7(1)：12-18.
南志标.第十一章,牧草病害的调查与评定.见任继周主编：草业科学研究方法[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998：p214-236.
南志标.沙打旺种带真菌——环境,致病力及防治[J].草业学报,1998,7(1)：12-18
聂素梅,孙启忠,闫志坚,等.影响沙打旺生长衰退因素试验研究[J].内蒙古草业,2002(3)：36-38.
蒲志刚,唐静,钟昌松,倪先林,阎文昭.甘薯AFLP分子标记体系建立[J].分子植物育种,2006.1：40-44.
任继周.草业大辞典[M].北京：中国农工业出版社,2008,p180.949,989.
任明见,朱文华,张庆勤等.抗白粉病兼抗赤霉病小麦新品种(系)的抗病性鉴定和利用评价[J].种子,2003,4：7-9.
戎郁萍,韩建国,胡跃高,李高.放牧苜蓿品种选育研究进展[J].中国草地,2004,26(1)：49-56.
商鸿生.第一章,病原物的致病因素和侵染过程,第二章,罹病植物的症状和生理病变,第十一章,植物抗病性的鉴定.见商鸿生主编：植物免疫学(第二版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2010,p4-19,p22-30,p157-169.
商鸿生,第四章,植物抗病性的机制,见李振岐主编：植物免疫学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1995,p40-61.
尚以顺,唐成斌,周玉锋.匍茎剪股颖草坪禾草云斑病初步观察[J].草业科学,1999,16(1)：51-53.
沈万芳.油茶炭疽病发生与林分和气候因素的关系及叶片结构抗病机理的研究[D].安徽：安徽农业大学,2008.
苏加楷.中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望[J].草原与草坪,2001,4：3-16.
苏盛发.第一章,种群分类、产地与分布,第二张,沙打旺的植物学形态,第三章,沙打旺的生物学特征,第四章,沙打旺的生长和发育,见苏盛发主编：沙打旺[M].北京：农业出版社,1985,p1-32.
孙启忠,桂荣,那日苏,等.赤峰地区不同生长年限沙打旺生产力的研究[J].中国草地,1999(5)：29-34.
孙启忠,桂荣.科尔沁沙地沙打旺草地衰退规律与恢复技术研究[J].草地学报,2000,8(4)253-261.
孙涛,师希雄,曹致中.我国苜蓿抗白粉病研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2006,6：19-21,25.
谈宇俊,孙永亮,余子林等.大豆不同品种对大豆锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.)抗病反应型的研究[A].武汉：湖北科技出版社,1994：145-148.
谭永久,叶鹏盛,李琼芳,曾华兰,韦树谷.棉花多抗病性育种的抗性诱导研究[J].棉花学报,2005,17(5)：264-268.
唐燕琼,吴紫云,刘国道,易克贤.柱花草种质资源研究进展[J].植物学报,2009,44(6)：752-762.
陶正宇.抑郁症患者血清BDNF水平及相关分析[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
田贺,张志东,李亚东,吴林,刘海广.主成分分析法在茶藨属植物果实品质评价指标上的应用研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(5)：632-636.
田沛.多年生黑麦草、内生真菌与数种植物病原真菌的互作[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
万黎明,张晓明.栽培沙打旺与学生沙打旺的核型分析[J].山西师大学报(自然科学版),1997,11(3)：52-55.
王阿旺,傅俊范,刘博,周如军.草莓品种对白粉病菌抗性的组织病理学研究[J].植物保护,2009,35(6)：52-55.
王发科,郑贵彬.番茄早疫病抗病性鉴定方法[J].植物病理学报1992,22(2)：168.
王省芬,田海燕,马峙英,等.黄萎病菌诱导下陆地棉抗病品种SSH文库的构建[J].棉花学报,2008,2(1)：3-8.
王伟,钟英长.紫杉醇合成的研究[J].植物学通报,1999,16(2)：138-149.
王彦荣,郭莉珍,李宏,等.GB/T2930.4-2001,牧草种子检验规程：发芽试验[S].北京：技术标准出版社,2001.
王雨梅,韩国栋,赵萌莉.疯草—内生真菌共生体的研究与展望[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(4)：99-103.
王兆卿,李聪,苏加楷.野生与栽培型沙打旺品质性状比较[J].草地学报,2001,9(2)：133-136.
王正凤.内生真菌对野大麦耐盐性影响的研究[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
韦东胜,桂枝,郑久明,唐玉芹.我国苜蓿抗霜霉病的研究进展[J].天津农学院学报,2004,11(1)：32-36.
蔚丽珍,张鲁刚,贺少轩,惠麦侠,张明科.大白菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统对黑腐病菌入侵的反应[J].植物病理学报,2010,40(2)：122-128.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅰ病原菌的分类地位和致病性[J].草业学报,1996,5(2)：18-23.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅱ病原菌生长与温度、酸碱度和营养的关系[J].草业学报,1996,5(3)：18-21.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅲ不同寄主来源的大丽轮枝孢对沙打旺和苜蓿的致病性[J].草业学报,1998,7(3)：41-45.
温寿星,黄镜浩,陈瑾,蔡子坚,包榕,张凌媛.叶片结构与柑橘溃疡病抗性的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(13)：66-69.
文景芝,杨明秀,郝中娜,刘春来.影响大豆疫霉菌Phytophthora sojae卵孢子生活力和萌发的因素[J].中国油料作物学报,2007,29(3)：322-327.
吴美金,王敏.赤霉菌粗毒素鉴定小麦赤霉病抗性的研究[J].种子Seed,2009,8:38-41.
肖靖秀,周桂夙,汤利,等小麦／蚕豆间作条件下小麦的氮、钾营养对小麦白粉病的影响[J].植 物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4)：517-522.
谢贤健,兰代萍,白景文.三种野生岩生草本植物的抗旱性综合评价[J].草业科学,2009,18(4)：75-80
邢小萍,汪敏,宋爽,袁虹霞,孙炳剑,李洪连.不同小麦品种(系)叶枯病田间发病情况及抗性评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,12：102-106.
邢小萍,袁虹霞,孙炳剑.小麦品种对纹枯病的抗性鉴定及评价[J].河南农业科学,2007(6)：77-78.
徐炳成,山仑.苜蓿和沙打旺苗期需水及其根冠比[J].草地学报,2003,11(1)：78-82.
许志刚.第八章,侵染过程,见徐志刚主编：普通植物病理学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2009,261-271.
严吉明,叶华智,金庆超,张敏.温度对玉米纹枯病菌生长与发病的影响[J].中国植保导刊,2005,6：7-8.
杨家荣,商鸿生,李明仁.苜蓿品种对黄萎病的抗病性鉴定[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(5)：100-102.
杨顺锦.芒果畸形病病原鉴定及致病机理初步研究[D].海南：海南大学,2010.
伊虎英,鱼宏斌.辐射诱发超导早熟沙打旺的选育[J].草业科学,1989,6(3)：18-21.
易克贤.柱花草炭疽病及其抗病育种进展[J].中国草地,2001,23(4)：59-65.
尹亚丽,南志标,李春杰,侯扶江,常生华.沙打旺根部入侵真菌的研究[J].草原与草坪,2006,1：45-48,53.
于金凤,张修国,张天宇.植物抗真菌基因工程研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2003,34(1)：148-151.
余晔,杜金萍,杜相革.硅对黄瓜霜霉病抑制效果和抗性相关酶活性的影响[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(1)：37-41.
张慧杰,段国琪,张战备,刘珍,梁哲军,张冬梅.西葫芦银叶病叶片的光合生理与解剖学特征[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(4)：327-332.
张静妮.不同秋眠等级苜蓿匍柄霉叶斑病抗性评价及抗病机理研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2008.
张军科,罗世杏,李小伟,王跃进.白粉菌在不同抗病性葡萄叶片上的侵染过程比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(3)：161-165,170.
张亮,鹿秀云,李社增,李宝庆,郭庆港,马平,董金皋.抗、感棉花品种体内棉花黄萎菌的动态分布研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17)：9054-9056.
张林燕.南京市园林植物白粉病发生规律及防治技术研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2009.
张子君,邹庆道.番茄早疫病抗病性鉴定研究[J].北方园艺2005(1)：53-55.
赵明轩.庆阳地区沙打旺病害调查报告[J].草与畜杂志,1995,1：33-34.
赵淑元.水稻纹枯病的图象处理技术及生理生化反应研究[D].安徽：安徽农业大学,2007.
赵统敏,邹茶英,余文贵,薛林宝.番茄晚疫病的发生规律与综合防治技术[J].江苏农业科学,2005,6：50-52,70.
赵晓菊.植物内源激素在长春花不同生活史型中生理生态学特征[D].黑龙江：东北林业大学,2006.
郑秀芳,李彩霞,周希豪,苏先银.沙打旺种子萌发特性研究[J].种子seed,2007,26(6)：43-45.
周洪友,杨合同,唐文华.沙打旺根腐病发生及病原菌鉴定[J].草地学报,2004,12(4)：285-288,297.
周明兵,汤定钦.高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其关键酶的研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2004,21(3)：344-348.
周威,李彩霞,王飞等.白粉病菌入侵对不同抗性南瓜品种的病理和生理影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(6)：1711-1713,1755.
邹厚远,鲁子瑜,程积民,黄少华.沙打旺种群地上部生物量的形成规律[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1)：49-55.
左豫虎,康振生,黄丽丽,韩青梅.大豆疫霉菌对大豆下胚轴侵染过程的细胞学研究[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(3)：235-241.
Alexandre RS, Lione N, Rajendra B, Jonathan DGJ. Pathological hormone imbalances [J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10:372-379.
Ballester AR, Izquierdo A, Lafuente MT, Gonzalez CL. Biochemical and molecular characterization of induced resistance against Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit [J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,56:31-38.
Bandyopadhyay R, Paul C, Twizeyimana M, Adeleke R, Miles MR, Hartman GL. Identification and development of resistance to soybean rust in Nigeria. (Abstr.) [J]. Phytopathology,2006, 96:S8.
Beniwal SPS, Bhatnagr SS, Shabey SN. Studies on cause of mango malformation[C]. Res. Report Mango Workers Meeting.1999,410-414.
Birhman RK, Singh BP. Path-coefficient analyses and genetic parameters of the components of field resistance of potatoes to late blight[J]. Annals of Applied Biology,1995,127:353-362.
Bowers JH, Nameth ST, Riedel RM, et al. Infection and colonization of potato roots by Verticillium dahliae as affected by Pratylenchus penetrans and P. crenatus[J]. Phytopathology,1996,86 (6):614-621.
Browne RA. Components of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat detected in a seed-germination assay with Microdochium majus and the relationship to FHB disease development and mycotoxin accumulation from Fusarium graminearum infection[J]. Plant Pathology,2007,56:65-72.
Buerstmayr H, Stierschneider M, Steiner B, Lemmens M, Griesser M, Nevo E, Fahima T. Variation for resistance to head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) originating from Israel[J]. Euphytica,2003,130:17-23
Cawood ME, Pretorius JC, Westhuizen AJ van der, Pretorius ZA. Disease development and PR-protein activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings treated with plant extracts prior to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) infection[J]. Crop Protection,2010,29:1311-1319.
Chattopadhyay S, Ali KA, Doss SG, Das NK, Aggarwal RK, Bandopadhyay TK, Sarkar A, Bajpai AK. Evaluation of mulberry variety for resistance to powdery mildew in the field and greenhouse[J]. Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2010,76:87-93.
Chen J, Li Y, Yang LQ, Li YZ, Nan ZB, Gao K. Biological activities of flavonoids from pathogenic-infected Astragalus adsurgens [J]. Food Chemistry,2012,131 (2):546-551.
Christensen TG, Proston S, Jr T. Phytoalexin produetion in Gingko bilola in relation to Inhibition of fungal penetration[J].Phytopathology,2003,62 (5):493-494.
Clements R J. Developing persistence pasture legume cultivars for Australia[M]. Persistence of forage legumes, USA, ASA, CSSA and SSSA,1989:505-521.
Daayf F, Nicole M., Boher B, et al. Early vascular defense reactions of cotton roots infected with a defoliating mutant strain of Verticillium dahliae[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1997,103 (2):125-136.
Dong SF, Shew HD, Tredway LP, et al. Expression of the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme gene in tall fescue confers resistance to gray leaf spot and brown patch Diseases[J]. Transgenic Research, 2007:Epub ahead of print.
Doullah MAU, Meah MB, Okazaki K. Development of an effective screening method for partial resistance to Alternaria brassicicola (dark leaf spot) in Brassica rapa [J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2006,116:33-43.
Erwin D C. Bacterial wilt [M]. Compedium of alfalfa diseases (2nd edition), USA, APS Press, 1990:5-6.
Frame J. Astragalus adsurgens. In:Frame, J.(Ed.), Forage Legumes for Temperate Grasslands[M]. FAO and Science Publishers, Rome and Enfield, NH, USA,2005, pp.51-54.
Fu DL, Tisserat NA, Xiao YM, et al. Overexpression of rice TLPD34 enhances dollar-spot resistance in transgenic bentgrass [J].Plant Science,2005,168 (3):671-680.
Graham JH, Devine TE, Hanson CH. Occurrence and interaction of three species of Colletotrichum on alfalfa in the mid-Atlantic United States[J]. Phytopathology,1976, (66):538-541.
Guo Z, Bonos S, Meyer W A, et al. Transgenic creeping bentgrass with delayed dollar spot Symptoms [J]. Molecular Breeding,2003,11:95-101.
Harsh NSK, Chandra S, Uniyal K. Screening resistance of Dalbergia sissoo clones against Ganoderma lucidum root rot disease in field conditions. Forest Pathology,2010, DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00685.x
Heather WA. Susceptibility of the juvenile leaves of Eucaluplus eucalypti (Hansf) Walker [J]. Australian Journal of Biological Seienee,1999,20 (4):769-775.
Imathiu SM, Hare MC, Ray RV, Back M, Edwards SG. Evaluation of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of F. langsethiae on oat and wheat seedlings relative to known seedling blight pathogens [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2010,126:203-216.
James WC. An illustrated series of assessment keys for plant diseases, their preparation and usage[J]. Canadian Plant Disease Survey,1971,51:39-65.
Jensen BD, Finckh M R, Munk L. Susceptibility of wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp.carota) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:359-367.
Jensena BD, Hockenhull J, Munk L. Seedling and adult plant resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. botrytis) [J]. Plant Pathology,1999,48:604-612.
Joaquin TBM, Trejo C, Hernandez GA, Perez PJ, Garcia SDG, Quero CAR. Effects of ethephon, salicylic acid and cidef-4 on the yield and quality of guinea grass seed. [J] Tropical Grasslands,2007,41:55-60.
Johnston HW, Proston S, Jr T. The inbitition of fungus in fection Pegs in Ginkgo biloba. PhytoPathology [J].1995,55 (2):225-227.
Kawuki RS, Tukamuhabwa P, Adipala E. Soybean rust severity, rate of rust development, and tolerance as influenced by maturity period and season [J]. Crop Protection,2006,23:447-455.
Latunde DAO, O'Connell RJ, Bowyer P, Lucas JA. Cultivar resistance to anthracnose disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) caused by Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,105:445-451.
Lenne J M. Diseases of Stylosanthes [M]. Diseases of tropical pasture plants, UK, CABI,1994: 21-42.
Li Y Z, Nan Z B, Hou F J. The roles of an Embellisia sp. causing yellow stunt and root rot of Astragalus adsurgens and other fungi in the decline of legume pastures in northern China[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology,2007,36:397-402.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. A new species of Embellisia causing a disease of standing milk-vetch in China[J] Mycologia,2007,99 (3):406-411.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. Nutritional study on Embellisia astragali, a fungal pathogen of milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens) [J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2009,95:275-284.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. First report of yellow stunt and root rot of standing milkvetch caused by Embellisia sp. from China [J]. Plant Pathology,2008,57:780.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. Symptoms and etiology of new disease, yellow stunt and root rot of standing milk-vetch in Northern China [J]. Mycopathologia,2007b,163:327-334.
Linsell KJ, Keiper FJ, Forgan A, et al. New insights into the infection process of Rhynchosporium secalis in barley using GFP[J]. Fungal Genetics and Biology,2011,48:124-131.
Loon LCV, Geraats BPJ, Linthorst HJM. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants [J]. TRENDS in Plant Science,2006,11 (4),184-191.
Lopez MA, Bannenberg G, Castresana C. Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival [J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2008,11:420-427.
Luckett DJ, Cowley RB, Richards MF, et al. Breeding Lupinus albus for resistance to the root pathogen Pleiochaeta setosa[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,125:131-141.
Malvick DK, Percich JA, Pfleger FL, et al.Evaluation of methods for estimating inoculum potential of A.euleiches in soil[J].Plant Disease,1994,78:361-365.
Mani BM, Mauch F. The role of abscisic acid in plant-pathogen interactions [J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2005,8:409-414.
Matheussen AM, Morgan PW, Frederiksen RA. Implication of gibberellins in head smut (.Sporisorium reilianum) of Sorghum bicolor [J]. Plant Physiology,1991, (96):537-544.
Meng XH, Yang LY, Kennedy JF, Tian SP. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosan on growth of two fungal pathogens and physiological properties in pear fruit [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2010, 81:70-75.
Mishra KA, Dhillon BS. Levels of endogenous gibberellins in healthy and Malformed Panicles of mango (Mangifera indica L.) [J]. Sei.Cult,1990,44:419-420.
Moshe R, Reuven R.Prior inoculation with non-pathogenic fungi induces systemic resistance to powdery mildew on cucumber plants [J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2000,10(6): 633-638.
Moussart A, Even MN, Tivoli B. Reaction of genotypes from several species of grain and forage legumes to infection with a French pea isolate of the oomycete Aphanomyces euleiches [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:321-333.
Nan ZB, Long PG, Skipp R A. Effect of several root pathogenic fungi on growth of red clover under field conditions [J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research1991,34 (3): 263-269.
Nan ZB, Long PG, Skipp RA, Hopcroft DH. Microscopy of invasion of red clover roots by Trichocladium basicola and effects of benomyl and procbloraz [J]. Plant Pathology,1992,41: 449-461.
Nan ZB, Skipp R A, Long P G. Fungal invasion of red clover roots in a soil naturally infested with a complex of pathogens:Effects of soil temperature and moisture content [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23 (5):415-421.
Park RF. Breeding cereals for rust resistance in Australia [J]. Plant Pathology,2008,57:591-602.
Peterson GL. Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars from Europe and United States to Karnal bunt [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,125:497-507.
Pfister JA, Astorga JB, Panter KE, Stegelmeier BL, Molyneux RJ. Maternal ingestion of locoweed I. Effects on ewe-lamb bonding and behavior [J]. Small Ruminant Research,2006,65: 51-63.
Pratt RG, McLaughlin MR, Pederson GA, Rowe DE. Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina to Mature Plant Tissues of Alfalfa and White Clover [J]. Plant Disease,1998,9:1033-1038.
Purwantara A, Salisbury PA, Burton WA, Howlett BJ. Reaction of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) lines to Australian isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans under glasshouse and field conditions [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1998,104:895-902.
Rajendra B, Jonathan DGJ. Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2009,69:473-488.
Ralphs MH, Creamer R, Baucom D, Gardner DR, Welsh SL, Graham JD, Hart C, Cook D, Stegelmeier BL. Relationship between the endophyte Embellisia spp. and the toxic alkaloid swainsonine in major locoweed species (Astragalus and Oxytropis) [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2008,34:32-38.
Richard N, Strange. Introduction to Plant Pathology [M].北京:化学化工出版社,2007.
Shrestha CL, Ona I, Muthukrishnan S, Mew TW. Chitinase levels in rice cultivars correlate with resistance to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solan [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,120:69-77.
Siegrid S, Roswitha M. Germination of Fusarium oxysporum in root exudates from tomato plants challenged with different Fusarium oxysporum strains [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:395-401.
Singh VK, Misra AK. ReProduction of vegetative malformation in mango [J]. IndianJ. Hort,2006, 63 (1):36-38.
Stankovic S, Levic J, Petrovic T. Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2007,118:165-172.
Tahi M, Kebel I, Eskes AB, Ouattara S, Sangare A, Mondeil F. Rapid screening of cacao genotypes for field resistance to Phytophthora palmivora using leaves, twigs and roots[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2000,106:87-94.
Tian P, Nan ZB, Li CJ. Effect of the endophyte Neotyphodium lolii on susceptibility and host physiological response of perennial ryegrass to fungal pathogens [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:593-602.
Trutmann P. Management of diseases of tropical pasture plants [M]. Diseases of tropical pasture plants, UK, CABI,1994:349-363.
Twizeyimana M, Ojiambo PS, Ikotun T, Paul C, Hartman GL, Bandyopadhyay R. Comparison of field, greenhouse, and detached-leaf evaluations of soybean variety for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi [J]. Plant Disease,2007,91:1161-1169.
Vallad GE and Subbarao KV. Colonization of Resistant and Susceptible Lettuce Cultivars by a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Isolate of Verticillium dahlia [J].Genetics and Resistance, 2008,98 (8):871-885.
Viands DR, Pennypacker BW. Wilt diseases of alfalfa [M]. Pasture and forage crop pathology, USA, ASA, CSA and SSSA,1996:567-587.
Vleeshouwers VGAA, Dooijeweert WV, Keizer LCP, Sijpkes L, Govers F, Colon LT. A laboratory assay for Phytophthora infestans resistance in various Solanum species reflects the field situation [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,105:241-250.
Wegulo SN, Yang XB, Martinson CA. Soybean cultivar responses to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field and controlled environment studies [J]. Plant Disease,1998,82:1264-1270.
Wu W, Fan Y, Wang ZY, Liu HB. Assessing effects of digital elevation model resolutions on soil-landscape correlations in a hilly area [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,2008, 126:209-216.
Yadav MS, Das DK, Yadava DK. Influence of rainfall, temperature and humidity on appearance and development of fungal diseases in Brassica juncea [J]. Plant Disease Research,2010,25 (2):151-154.
Yang CY. The IWGSR rust rating system [J]. Soybean Rust Newsletter,1977,1 (1):4-6.
Yang YX, Han JG, Li ST, Yu JY. Effects of seed-borne fungi on germination and vigor of Zoysia japonica[J]. Seed,2006,10:16-19.
Yin YL, Nan ZB, Li CJ, Hou FJ. Root-invading fungi of milk vetch on the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2008,124:51-59.
Yurika M, Norio K, Seishi A. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species causing damping-off of kidney bean [J]. Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2008,74:81-85.
柴一秋,陈利锋,王金生.甘薯根腐病菌侵染对甘薯内源激素水平的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2007,33(4)：318-324.
陈海燕.杨树溃疡病病原菌营养体亲和性研究[D].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2006.
陈基萍,马尧,路浩,王占新,赵宝玉.疯草内生真菌研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2011,32(2)：77-81.
陈捷胤,戴小枫.棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(3)：427-435.
陈晓梅,郭顺星.植物抗病性物质的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(6)：658-664.
丁成龙.多花黑麦草遗传连锁图的构建及抗灰叶斑病基因的分子标记[D].南京：南京农业大学,2005.
董雁适,程翼宇.基于逐步条件相关性分析的因果关系发现方法[J].模式识别与人工智能,2002,4：478-483.
杜近义,胡国赋,秦际威.植物次生代谢产物的生态学意义[J].生物学杂,1999,5：9-27.
段传人,王伯初,徐世荣.环境应力对植物次生代谢产物形成的作用[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(10)：67-71.
方中达.第八章,植物病原物的接种,见方中达主编：植病研究方法[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,p62-74.
冯丽娜,刘常红,杨文香,刘大群,贾继增.粗山羊草苗期抗叶锈性鉴定及抗叶锈基因推导[J].河北农业大学学报,2008,31(5)：75-80.
冯丽贞,刘玉宝,郭素枝.黄榕辉,郭文硕.桉树叶片的解剖结构与其对焦枯病抗性的关系[J].电子显微镜学报,2008,27(3)：229-234.
甘肃畜牧厅主编.甘肃省牧草区划[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1991.
谷守芹,范永山,崔金旺,等.氮饥饿对玉米大斑病菌生长和发育的影响[J].玉米科学2008,16(6)：108-110.
关秀琦,邹厚远,韩蕊连.野生沙打旺的引种实验研究[J].水土保持通报,1995,15(1)：29-31.
关秀琦,邹厚远,鲁子瑜,等.黄土高原草地生产持续发展研究Ⅰ.沙打旺人工草地衰退后的草种更替[J].水土保持研究,1994,(3)：56-60.
郭金芳,潘俊松,王琛,赵智燕,何亚丽.病程相关蛋白与植物抗病性关系的研究及其在草坪草抗病育种中的应用[J].草业学报,2008,17(6)：156-163.
郭金芳.高羊茅草坪草种质资源的抗褐斑性鉴定及其相关蛋白的分析[D].上海：上海交通 大学,2008.
郭晋云,胡晓峰,李勇,王敏,沈其荣,郭世伟.黄瓜枯萎病对黄瓜光合和水分生理特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(1)：79-83.
郭萍,井金学,商鸿生等.柔软滨麦草及其杂交后代抗条锈性的组织病理学研究[J].植物病理学报,2002,(8)：272-277.
韩路,贾志宽,韩清芳,刘玉华.苜蓿种质资源特性的灰色关联度分析与评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(3)：59-64.
贺忠群,李焕秀,汤浩茹.立枯丝核菌侵染下AMF对黄瓜内源激素的影响[J].中国农学通报2010,26(17)：187-190.
侯天爵,黄鸿章.中国首蓓品种对黄萎病抗病性鉴定[J].植物病理学报,1994.4：328.
黄文娟.棉花核不育系GA18的杂种优势及其组合的性状相关分析[D].四川：四川农业大学,2009.
江浩浩.基于灰色关联度和主成分分析的草本植物护坡效果评价[D].黑龙江：东北林业大学,2009.
姜淑苓,贾敬贤,王斐,欧春青,王西成,马力.早金香梨抗黑星病鉴定及组织结构与抗病关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(4)：215-217.
蒋昌顺,邹冬梅,张义正.柱花草炭疽病及其抗病育种研究进展[J].四川草原,2002,1：22-24,27.
蒋昌顺.感病与抗病柱花草遗传多态性研究[D].四川：四川大学,2004.
蒋道伟,司龙亭.不同抗性黄瓜自交系接种白粉病原菌后生理特性的变化[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(8)：161-165.
赖志强.柱花草炭疽病与抗病育种[J].中国草地,1997,3：58-65.
李春杰,南志标,王贇文,朱廷恒.高山草原条件下苜蓿种质抗霜霉性评价[J].草业学报,2000,9(4)：44-51.
李春杰,南志标.引种草坪草的适应性评价及病害和草害[J].草业科学,2003(4)：68-72.
李春杰,南志标.甘肃草坪草真菌病害初报[J].草业科学,1998,14(1)：48-50.
李春杰,南志标.苜蓿种带真菌及其致病性测定[J].草业学报,2000,9(1)：27-36.
李聪,苗丽宏,李蕾蕾.沙打旺品质改良育种研究报告[C].中国草学会牧草育种专业委员会2007年学术研讨会论文集,2007.
李冠,欧阳光察.植物诱导抗病性[J].植物生理学通讯,1990,6：1-5.
李海英,倪红涛,杨庆凯.大豆叶片结构与灰斑病抗性的研究Ⅰ大豆叶片气孔密度、茸毛密度与灰斑病抗性的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2)：58-60,66.
李海英,刘亚光,杨庆凯.大豆叶片结构与灰斑病抗性的研究Ⅱ.大豆叶片组织结构与灰斑病抗性的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(2)：58-60,66.
李红.诱变育成沙打旺早熟品种的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1997,6：21-22.
李建科.中国疯草研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(9)：1091-1099.
李金堂,傅俊范,李海春,薛腾,刘博,李阳,薛彩云,林天行.寄主生育期、接种条件对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发生的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(6)：147-151.
李锦华,田福平,马振宇.苜蓿新品种“中兰1号”的选育及其栽培要点[J].中国草食动物,2008,1：43-45.
李蕾蕾.沙打旺种子生产关键技术研究及其3-NPA的检测[D].北京：中国农业科学院,2007.
李明,曾任森,骆世明.次生代谢产物在植物抵抗病虫为害中的作用[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(3)：269-273.
李瑞芬,李聪,苏加楷.沙打旺种质资源遗传多样性RAPD分析[J].草地学报,2001,9(3)：171-175,190.
李彦忠,南志标.埃里砖格孢属真菌的研究进展及展望[J].草业学报,2009,18(1)：171-178.
李彦忠.沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.)黄矮根腐病(Embellisia astragali sp. nov. Li & Nan)的研究[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2007.
刘爱萍,孙启忠,胡俊,聂素梅,闫志坚,王慧.沙打旺根腐病病原生物学的研究[J].中国草地,2003,25(2)：72-74.
刘爱萍.沙打旺草地病虫害综合防治技术[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005,24：126-127.
刘爱媛,陈维信,李欣允.菜心不同抗病品种感染炭疽病菌后丙二醛含量及几种酶活性的变化[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(4)：433-434.
刘海波.利用病原菌毒素筛选抗根腐病苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)的研究[D].重庆：西南大学,2006.
刘慧霞,郭正刚,郭兴华,周雪荣,惠文森,王康英.不同土壤水分条件下硅对紫花苜蓿水分利用效率及产量构成要素的影响[J].生态学报,2009,6：3075-3080.
刘建秀.云雾山天然草地野生匍匐型沙打旺种群生长发育规律的初步探讨[J].牧草与饲科,1992,2：22-24.
刘若.第四章,病原物的致病性和寄主的抗病性,见刘若：草原保护学(第二版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,p39-43.
刘媖心.豆科.见刘媖心主编：中国沙漠植物志(第二卷)[M].北京：科学出版社,1987,p168.
刘愿英,刘建军,刘建秀.野生匍伏型沙打旺低温下正常开花结实原因探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(4)：88-93.
刘愿英,刘建军,刘建秀.野生匍伏型沙打旺饲用价值的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(3)：110-116.
卢萍,赵萌莉,韩国栋,李晓欢,王雨梅.内蒙古疯草及其研究进展[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(1)：63-68.
芦满济,杜福成,杨志爱.冷温半干旱黄土丘陵区荒坡地沙打旺系统生态效能的调查研究[J].草业科学,1994,11(2)：48-51.
陆宁海,吴利民,田雪亮,郎剑锋,徐瑞富.黄瓜褐斑病菌侵染条件及致病性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(10)：2186-2187.
陆宁海,徐瑞富,吴利民,田雪亮.番茄褐斑病菌的侵染条件及致病性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33：91-94.
吕秀兰,苟琳,龚荣高等.葡萄品种对霜霉病抗性鉴定的生化指标研究[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(6)：512-517.
吕秀兰,张光伦,苟琳,等.利用过氧化物同工酶进行葡萄品种及霜霉病抗性鉴定研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2005(4)：7-11,16.
罗英,单志慧,周新安等.大豆抗锈种质的评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(4)：457-460.
毛建辉,卢代华,何明.持续低温对水稻稻瘟病抗性的影响[J].植物保护学报,1999,6(2)：97-102.
孟芳,袁庆华,苏德荣.紫花苜蓿抗褐斑病ISSR分子标记研究[J].草地学报,2007,15(6)：264-268.
孟季蒙,尹君亮.新疆紫花苜蓿引种筛选研究[J].草原与草坪,2006,2：59-61.
南丽丽.牧草种质资源中心库入库保存材料的特征特性评价[D].甘肃：甘肃农业大学,2008.
南志标,李春杰,王贇文,等.苜蓿褐斑病对牧草质量光合速率的影响及田间抗病性[J].草业学报,2001,10(1)：26-34.
南志标,李琪,刘照辉.田间条件下苜蓿种质抗锈性评价[J].草业科学,1991,8(2)：19-22.
南志标.建立中国的牧草病害可持续管理体系[J].草业学报,2000,9(2)：1-9.
南志标.沙打旺种带真菌——环境、致病力及防治[J].草业学报,]998,7(1)：12-18.
南志标.第十一章,牧草病害的调查与评定.见任继周主编：草业科学研究方法[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998：p214-236.
南志标.沙打旺种带真菌——环境,致病力及防治[J].草业学报,1998,7(1)：12-18
聂素梅,孙启忠,闫志坚,等.影响沙打旺生长衰退因素试验研究[J].内蒙古草业,2002(3)：36-38.
蒲志刚,唐静,钟昌松,倪先林,阎文昭.甘薯AFLP分子标记体系建立[J].分子植物育种,2006.1：40-44.
任继周.草业大辞典[M].北京：中国农工业出版社,2008,p180.949,989.
任明见,朱文华,张庆勤等.抗白粉病兼抗赤霉病小麦新品种(系)的抗病性鉴定和利用评价[J].种子,2003,4：7-9.
戎郁萍,韩建国,胡跃高,李高.放牧苜蓿品种选育研究进展[J].中国草地,2004,26(1)：49-56.
商鸿生.第一章,病原物的致病因素和侵染过程,第二章,罹病植物的症状和生理病变,第十一章,植物抗病性的鉴定.见商鸿生主编：植物免疫学(第二版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2010,p4-19,p22-30,p157-169.
商鸿生,第四章,植物抗病性的机制,见李振岐主编：植物免疫学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1995,p40-61.
尚以顺,唐成斌,周玉锋.匍茎剪股颖草坪禾草云斑病初步观察[J].草业科学,1999,16(1)：51-53.
沈万芳.油茶炭疽病发生与林分和气候因素的关系及叶片结构抗病机理的研究[D].安徽：安徽农业大学,2008.
苏加楷.中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望[J].草原与草坪,2001,4：3-16.
苏盛发.第一章,种群分类、产地与分布,第二张,沙打旺的植物学形态,第三章,沙打旺的生物学特征,第四章,沙打旺的生长和发育,见苏盛发主编：沙打旺[M].北京：农业出版社,1985,p1-32.
孙启忠,桂荣,那日苏,等.赤峰地区不同生长年限沙打旺生产力的研究[J].中国草地,1999(5)：29-34.
孙启忠,桂荣.科尔沁沙地沙打旺草地衰退规律与恢复技术研究[J].草地学报,2000,8(4)253-261.
孙涛,师希雄,曹致中.我国苜蓿抗白粉病研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2006,6：19-21,25.
谈宇俊,孙永亮,余子林等.大豆不同品种对大豆锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.)抗病反应型的研究[A].武汉：湖北科技出版社,1994：145-148.
谭永久,叶鹏盛,李琼芳,曾华兰,韦树谷.棉花多抗病性育种的抗性诱导研究[J].棉花学报,2005,17(5)：264-268.
唐燕琼,吴紫云,刘国道,易克贤.柱花草种质资源研究进展[J].植物学报,2009,44(6)：752-762.
陶正宇.抑郁症患者血清BDNF水平及相关分析[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
田贺,张志东,李亚东,吴林,刘海广.主成分分析法在茶藨属植物果实品质评价指标上的应用研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(5)：632-636.
田沛.多年生黑麦草、内生真菌与数种植物病原真菌的互作[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
万黎明,张晓明.栽培沙打旺与学生沙打旺的核型分析[J].山西师大学报(自然科学版),1997,11(3)：52-55.
王阿旺,傅俊范,刘博,周如军.草莓品种对白粉病菌抗性的组织病理学研究[J].植物保护,2009,35(6)：52-55.
王发科,郑贵彬.番茄早疫病抗病性鉴定方法[J].植物病理学报1992,22(2)：168.
王省芬,田海燕,马峙英,等.黄萎病菌诱导下陆地棉抗病品种SSH文库的构建[J].棉花学报,2008,2(1)：3-8.
王伟,钟英长.紫杉醇合成的研究[J].植物学通报,1999,16(2)：138-149.
王彦荣,郭莉珍,李宏,等.GB/T2930.4-2001,牧草种子检验规程：发芽试验[S].北京：技术标准出版社,2001.
王雨梅,韩国栋,赵萌莉.疯草—内生真菌共生体的研究与展望[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(4)：99-103.
王兆卿,李聪,苏加楷.野生与栽培型沙打旺品质性状比较[J].草地学报,2001,9(2)：133-136.
王正凤.内生真菌对野大麦耐盐性影响的研究[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2009.
韦东胜,桂枝,郑久明,唐玉芹.我国苜蓿抗霜霉病的研究进展[J].天津农学院学报,2004,11(1)：32-36.
蔚丽珍,张鲁刚,贺少轩,惠麦侠,张明科.大白菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统对黑腐病菌入侵的反应[J].植物病理学报,2010,40(2)：122-128.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅰ病原菌的分类地位和致病性[J].草业学报,1996,5(2)：18-23.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅱ病原菌生长与温度、酸碱度和营养的关系[J].草业学报,1996,5(3)：18-21.
魏惠军,商鸿生.沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅲ不同寄主来源的大丽轮枝孢对沙打旺和苜蓿的致病性[J].草业学报,1998,7(3)：41-45.
温寿星,黄镜浩,陈瑾,蔡子坚,包榕,张凌媛.叶片结构与柑橘溃疡病抗性的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(13)：66-69.
文景芝,杨明秀,郝中娜,刘春来.影响大豆疫霉菌Phytophthora sojae卵孢子生活力和萌发的因素[J].中国油料作物学报,2007,29(3)：322-327.
吴美金,王敏.赤霉菌粗毒素鉴定小麦赤霉病抗性的研究[J].种子Seed,2009,8:38-41.
肖靖秀,周桂夙,汤利,等小麦／蚕豆间作条件下小麦的氮、钾营养对小麦白粉病的影响[J].植 物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4)：517-522.
谢贤健,兰代萍,白景文.三种野生岩生草本植物的抗旱性综合评价[J].草业科学,2009,18(4)：75-80
邢小萍,汪敏,宋爽,袁虹霞,孙炳剑,李洪连.不同小麦品种(系)叶枯病田间发病情况及抗性评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,12：102-106.
邢小萍,袁虹霞,孙炳剑.小麦品种对纹枯病的抗性鉴定及评价[J].河南农业科学,2007(6)：77-78.
徐炳成,山仑.苜蓿和沙打旺苗期需水及其根冠比[J].草地学报,2003,11(1)：78-82.
许志刚.第八章,侵染过程,见徐志刚主编：普通植物病理学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2009,261-271.
严吉明,叶华智,金庆超,张敏.温度对玉米纹枯病菌生长与发病的影响[J].中国植保导刊,2005,6：7-8.
杨家荣,商鸿生,李明仁.苜蓿品种对黄萎病的抗病性鉴定[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(5)：100-102.
杨顺锦.芒果畸形病病原鉴定及致病机理初步研究[D].海南：海南大学,2010.
伊虎英,鱼宏斌.辐射诱发超导早熟沙打旺的选育[J].草业科学,1989,6(3)：18-21.
易克贤.柱花草炭疽病及其抗病育种进展[J].中国草地,2001,23(4)：59-65.
尹亚丽,南志标,李春杰,侯扶江,常生华.沙打旺根部入侵真菌的研究[J].草原与草坪,2006,1：45-48,53.
于金凤,张修国,张天宇.植物抗真菌基因工程研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2003,34(1)：148-151.
余晔,杜金萍,杜相革.硅对黄瓜霜霉病抑制效果和抗性相关酶活性的影响[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(1)：37-41.
张慧杰,段国琪,张战备,刘珍,梁哲军,张冬梅.西葫芦银叶病叶片的光合生理与解剖学特征[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(4)：327-332.
张静妮.不同秋眠等级苜蓿匍柄霉叶斑病抗性评价及抗病机理研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2008.
张军科,罗世杏,李小伟,王跃进.白粉菌在不同抗病性葡萄叶片上的侵染过程比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(3)：161-165,170.
张亮,鹿秀云,李社增,李宝庆,郭庆港,马平,董金皋.抗、感棉花品种体内棉花黄萎菌的动态分布研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17)：9054-9056.
张林燕.南京市园林植物白粉病发生规律及防治技术研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2009.
张子君,邹庆道.番茄早疫病抗病性鉴定研究[J].北方园艺2005(1)：53-55.
赵明轩.庆阳地区沙打旺病害调查报告[J].草与畜杂志,1995,1：33-34.
赵淑元.水稻纹枯病的图象处理技术及生理生化反应研究[D].安徽：安徽农业大学,2007.
赵统敏,邹茶英,余文贵,薛林宝.番茄晚疫病的发生规律与综合防治技术[J].江苏农业科学,2005,6：50-52,70.
赵晓菊.植物内源激素在长春花不同生活史型中生理生态学特征[D].黑龙江：东北林业大学,2006.
郑秀芳,李彩霞,周希豪,苏先银.沙打旺种子萌发特性研究[J].种子seed,2007,26(6)：43-45.
周洪友,杨合同,唐文华.沙打旺根腐病发生及病原菌鉴定[J].草地学报,2004,12(4)：285-288,297.
周明兵,汤定钦.高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其关键酶的研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2004,21(3)：344-348.
周威,李彩霞,王飞等.白粉病菌入侵对不同抗性南瓜品种的病理和生理影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(6)：1711-1713,1755.
邹厚远,鲁子瑜,程积民,黄少华.沙打旺种群地上部生物量的形成规律[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(1)：49-55.
左豫虎,康振生,黄丽丽,韩青梅.大豆疫霉菌对大豆下胚轴侵染过程的细胞学研究[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(3)：235-241.
Alexandre RS, Lione N, Rajendra B, Jonathan DGJ. Pathological hormone imbalances [J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10:372-379.
Ballester AR, Izquierdo A, Lafuente MT, Gonzalez CL. Biochemical and molecular characterization of induced resistance against Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit [J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2010,56:31-38.
Bandyopadhyay R, Paul C, Twizeyimana M, Adeleke R, Miles MR, Hartman GL. Identification and development of resistance to soybean rust in Nigeria. (Abstr.) [J]. Phytopathology,2006, 96:S8.
Beniwal SPS, Bhatnagr SS, Shabey SN. Studies on cause of mango malformation[C]. Res. Report Mango Workers Meeting.1999,410-414.
Birhman RK, Singh BP. Path-coefficient analyses and genetic parameters of the components of field resistance of potatoes to late blight[J]. Annals of Applied Biology,1995,127:353-362.
Bowers JH, Nameth ST, Riedel RM, et al. Infection and colonization of potato roots by Verticillium dahliae as affected by Pratylenchus penetrans and P. crenatus[J]. Phytopathology,1996,86 (6):614-621.
Browne RA. Components of resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat detected in a seed-germination assay with Microdochium majus and the relationship to FHB disease development and mycotoxin accumulation from Fusarium graminearum infection[J]. Plant Pathology,2007,56:65-72.
Buerstmayr H, Stierschneider M, Steiner B, Lemmens M, Griesser M, Nevo E, Fahima T. Variation for resistance to head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) originating from Israel[J]. Euphytica,2003,130:17-23
Cawood ME, Pretorius JC, Westhuizen AJ van der, Pretorius ZA. Disease development and PR-protein activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings treated with plant extracts prior to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) infection[J]. Crop Protection,2010,29:1311-1319.
Chattopadhyay S, Ali KA, Doss SG, Das NK, Aggarwal RK, Bandopadhyay TK, Sarkar A, Bajpai AK. Evaluation of mulberry variety for resistance to powdery mildew in the field and greenhouse[J]. Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2010,76:87-93.
Chen J, Li Y, Yang LQ, Li YZ, Nan ZB, Gao K. Biological activities of flavonoids from pathogenic-infected Astragalus adsurgens [J]. Food Chemistry,2012,131 (2):546-551.
Christensen TG, Proston S, Jr T. Phytoalexin produetion in Gingko bilola in relation to Inhibition of fungal penetration[J].Phytopathology,2003,62 (5):493-494.
Clements R J. Developing persistence pasture legume cultivars for Australia[M]. Persistence of forage legumes, USA, ASA, CSSA and SSSA,1989:505-521.
Daayf F, Nicole M., Boher B, et al. Early vascular defense reactions of cotton roots infected with a defoliating mutant strain of Verticillium dahliae[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1997,103 (2):125-136.
Dong SF, Shew HD, Tredway LP, et al. Expression of the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme gene in tall fescue confers resistance to gray leaf spot and brown patch Diseases[J]. Transgenic Research, 2007:Epub ahead of print.
Doullah MAU, Meah MB, Okazaki K. Development of an effective screening method for partial resistance to Alternaria brassicicola (dark leaf spot) in Brassica rapa [J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2006,116:33-43.
Erwin D C. Bacterial wilt [M]. Compedium of alfalfa diseases (2nd edition), USA, APS Press, 1990:5-6.
Frame J. Astragalus adsurgens. In:Frame, J.(Ed.), Forage Legumes for Temperate Grasslands[M]. FAO and Science Publishers, Rome and Enfield, NH, USA,2005, pp.51-54.
Fu DL, Tisserat NA, Xiao YM, et al. Overexpression of rice TLPD34 enhances dollar-spot resistance in transgenic bentgrass [J].Plant Science,2005,168 (3):671-680.
Graham JH, Devine TE, Hanson CH. Occurrence and interaction of three species of Colletotrichum on alfalfa in the mid-Atlantic United States[J]. Phytopathology,1976, (66):538-541.
Guo Z, Bonos S, Meyer W A, et al. Transgenic creeping bentgrass with delayed dollar spot Symptoms [J]. Molecular Breeding,2003,11:95-101.
Harsh NSK, Chandra S, Uniyal K. Screening resistance of Dalbergia sissoo clones against Ganoderma lucidum root rot disease in field conditions. Forest Pathology,2010, DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00685.x
Heather WA. Susceptibility of the juvenile leaves of Eucaluplus eucalypti (Hansf) Walker [J]. Australian Journal of Biological Seienee,1999,20 (4):769-775.
Imathiu SM, Hare MC, Ray RV, Back M, Edwards SG. Evaluation of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of F. langsethiae on oat and wheat seedlings relative to known seedling blight pathogens [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2010,126:203-216.
James WC. An illustrated series of assessment keys for plant diseases, their preparation and usage[J]. Canadian Plant Disease Survey,1971,51:39-65.
Jensen BD, Finckh M R, Munk L. Susceptibility of wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp.carota) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:359-367.
Jensena BD, Hockenhull J, Munk L. Seedling and adult plant resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. botrytis) [J]. Plant Pathology,1999,48:604-612.
Joaquin TBM, Trejo C, Hernandez GA, Perez PJ, Garcia SDG, Quero CAR. Effects of ethephon, salicylic acid and cidef-4 on the yield and quality of guinea grass seed. [J] Tropical Grasslands,2007,41:55-60.
Johnston HW, Proston S, Jr T. The inbitition of fungus in fection Pegs in Ginkgo biloba. PhytoPathology [J].1995,55 (2):225-227.
Kawuki RS, Tukamuhabwa P, Adipala E. Soybean rust severity, rate of rust development, and tolerance as influenced by maturity period and season [J]. Crop Protection,2006,23:447-455.
Latunde DAO, O'Connell RJ, Bowyer P, Lucas JA. Cultivar resistance to anthracnose disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) caused by Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,105:445-451.
Lenne J M. Diseases of Stylosanthes [M]. Diseases of tropical pasture plants, UK, CABI,1994: 21-42.
Li Y Z, Nan Z B, Hou F J. The roles of an Embellisia sp. causing yellow stunt and root rot of Astragalus adsurgens and other fungi in the decline of legume pastures in northern China[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology,2007,36:397-402.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. A new species of Embellisia causing a disease of standing milk-vetch in China[J] Mycologia,2007,99 (3):406-411.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. Nutritional study on Embellisia astragali, a fungal pathogen of milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens) [J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2009,95:275-284.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. First report of yellow stunt and root rot of standing milkvetch caused by Embellisia sp. from China [J]. Plant Pathology,2008,57:780.
Li YZ, Nan ZB. Symptoms and etiology of new disease, yellow stunt and root rot of standing milk-vetch in Northern China [J]. Mycopathologia,2007b,163:327-334.
Linsell KJ, Keiper FJ, Forgan A, et al. New insights into the infection process of Rhynchosporium secalis in barley using GFP[J]. Fungal Genetics and Biology,2011,48:124-131.
Loon LCV, Geraats BPJ, Linthorst HJM. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants [J]. TRENDS in Plant Science,2006,11 (4),184-191.
Lopez MA, Bannenberg G, Castresana C. Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival [J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2008,11:420-427.
Luckett DJ, Cowley RB, Richards MF, et al. Breeding Lupinus albus for resistance to the root pathogen Pleiochaeta setosa[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,125:131-141.
Malvick DK, Percich JA, Pfleger FL, et al.Evaluation of methods for estimating inoculum potential of A.euleiches in soil[J].Plant Disease,1994,78:361-365.
Mani BM, Mauch F. The role of abscisic acid in plant-pathogen interactions [J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2005,8:409-414.
Matheussen AM, Morgan PW, Frederiksen RA. Implication of gibberellins in head smut (.Sporisorium reilianum) of Sorghum bicolor [J]. Plant Physiology,1991, (96):537-544.
Meng XH, Yang LY, Kennedy JF, Tian SP. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosan on growth of two fungal pathogens and physiological properties in pear fruit [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2010, 81:70-75.
Mishra KA, Dhillon BS. Levels of endogenous gibberellins in healthy and Malformed Panicles of mango (Mangifera indica L.) [J]. Sei.Cult,1990,44:419-420.
Moshe R, Reuven R.Prior inoculation with non-pathogenic fungi induces systemic resistance to powdery mildew on cucumber plants [J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2000,10(6): 633-638.
Moussart A, Even MN, Tivoli B. Reaction of genotypes from several species of grain and forage legumes to infection with a French pea isolate of the oomycete Aphanomyces euleiches [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:321-333.
Nan ZB, Long PG, Skipp R A. Effect of several root pathogenic fungi on growth of red clover under field conditions [J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research1991,34 (3): 263-269.
Nan ZB, Long PG, Skipp RA, Hopcroft DH. Microscopy of invasion of red clover roots by Trichocladium basicola and effects of benomyl and procbloraz [J]. Plant Pathology,1992,41: 449-461.
Nan ZB, Skipp R A, Long P G. Fungal invasion of red clover roots in a soil naturally infested with a complex of pathogens:Effects of soil temperature and moisture content [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23 (5):415-421.
Park RF. Breeding cereals for rust resistance in Australia [J]. Plant Pathology,2008,57:591-602.
Peterson GL. Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars from Europe and United States to Karnal bunt [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2009,125:497-507.
Pfister JA, Astorga JB, Panter KE, Stegelmeier BL, Molyneux RJ. Maternal ingestion of locoweed I. Effects on ewe-lamb bonding and behavior [J]. Small Ruminant Research,2006,65: 51-63.
Pratt RG, McLaughlin MR, Pederson GA, Rowe DE. Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina to Mature Plant Tissues of Alfalfa and White Clover [J]. Plant Disease,1998,9:1033-1038.
Purwantara A, Salisbury PA, Burton WA, Howlett BJ. Reaction of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) lines to Australian isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans under glasshouse and field conditions [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1998,104:895-902.
Rajendra B, Jonathan DGJ. Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2009,69:473-488.
Ralphs MH, Creamer R, Baucom D, Gardner DR, Welsh SL, Graham JD, Hart C, Cook D, Stegelmeier BL. Relationship between the endophyte Embellisia spp. and the toxic alkaloid swainsonine in major locoweed species (Astragalus and Oxytropis) [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2008,34:32-38.
Richard N, Strange. Introduction to Plant Pathology [M].北京:化学化工出版社,2007.
Shrestha CL, Ona I, Muthukrishnan S, Mew TW. Chitinase levels in rice cultivars correlate with resistance to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solan [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,120:69-77.
Siegrid S, Roswitha M. Germination of Fusarium oxysporum in root exudates from tomato plants challenged with different Fusarium oxysporum strains [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:395-401.
Singh VK, Misra AK. ReProduction of vegetative malformation in mango [J]. IndianJ. Hort,2006, 63 (1):36-38.
Stankovic S, Levic J, Petrovic T. Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2007,118:165-172.
Tahi M, Kebel I, Eskes AB, Ouattara S, Sangare A, Mondeil F. Rapid screening of cacao genotypes for field resistance to Phytophthora palmivora using leaves, twigs and roots[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2000,106:87-94.
Tian P, Nan ZB, Li CJ. Effect of the endophyte Neotyphodium lolii on susceptibility and host physiological response of perennial ryegrass to fungal pathogens [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122:593-602.
Trutmann P. Management of diseases of tropical pasture plants [M]. Diseases of tropical pasture plants, UK, CABI,1994:349-363.
Twizeyimana M, Ojiambo PS, Ikotun T, Paul C, Hartman GL, Bandyopadhyay R. Comparison of field, greenhouse, and detached-leaf evaluations of soybean variety for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi [J]. Plant Disease,2007,91:1161-1169.
Vallad GE and Subbarao KV. Colonization of Resistant and Susceptible Lettuce Cultivars by a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Isolate of Verticillium dahlia [J].Genetics and Resistance, 2008,98 (8):871-885.
Viands DR, Pennypacker BW. Wilt diseases of alfalfa [M]. Pasture and forage crop pathology, USA, ASA, CSA and SSSA,1996:567-587.
Vleeshouwers VGAA, Dooijeweert WV, Keizer LCP, Sijpkes L, Govers F, Colon LT. A laboratory assay for Phytophthora infestans resistance in various Solanum species reflects the field situation [J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,105:241-250.
Wegulo SN, Yang XB, Martinson CA. Soybean cultivar responses to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field and controlled environment studies [J]. Plant Disease,1998,82:1264-1270.
Wu W, Fan Y, Wang ZY, Liu HB. Assessing effects of digital elevation model resolutions on soil-landscape correlations in a hilly area [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,2008, 126:209-216.
Yadav MS, Das DK, Yadava DK. Influence of rainfall, temperature and humidity on appearance and development of fungal diseases in Brassica juncea [J]. Plant Disease Research,2010,25 (2):151-154.
Yang CY. The IWGSR rust rating system [J]. Soybean Rust Newsletter,1977,1 (1):4-6.
Yang YX, Han JG, Li ST, Yu JY. Effects of seed-borne fungi on germination and vigor of Zoysia japonica[J]. Seed,2006,10:16-19.
Yin YL, Nan ZB, Li CJ, Hou FJ. Root-invading fungi of milk vetch on the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2008,124:51-59.
Yurika M, Norio K, Seishi A. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species causing damping-off of kidney bean [J]. Journal of General Plant Pahtology,2008,74:81-85.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |