城市河道生物修复技术研究
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摘要
城市河道是一个城市的标志之一,它们不仅仅具有供应水源、提供绿地、保护环境和开展旅游等生态功能,也是市民创造文体娱乐与亲近自然的空间。随着人口的增长和经济的快速发展,城市河道污染日趋严重,城市河道治理成为建设城市生态系统、提高城市环境质量的重点和难点。通过总结国内城市河道治理经验,城市河道治理应尊重河流系统的自然规律,注重河流自然生态和自然环境的恢复和保护。城市河道治理还应该结合我国经济发展阶段,选择安全、快速的治理方案。
本文首先研究了水体的自净能力以及底泥在水体自净过程中的作用,在水体自净无法满足水体净化的基础上,研究了人工曝气及搅拌(扰动)对水体自净的强化。通过实验证明,在底泥存在条件下进行人工曝气可有效提高有机物、氨氮及总氮的去除效果,搅拌(扰动)无论在有底泥还是无底泥存在条件下均能强化水体自净能力,但是强化效果较人工曝气差。强化过程中底泥中的有机物及总氮大大降低,其中曝气的效果最为明显。人工曝气使底泥典型微生物数量增加、细菌种类增加。底泥在水体净化过程中起到不可替代的作用。
通过微生物促生剂技术研究表明:微生物促生剂能够有效提高微生物活性,使底泥中微生物快速并大量的生长,加快了生化反应的进行,加速了污染物降解。但是,微生物生长产生大量的气泡使得底泥中有机物及含氮污染物向水体快速释放。造成上覆水中CODCr、TN、NH_3-N值大量增加,虽然上覆水中的污染在微生物的作用下能够得到最终降解,但是需要经过较长一段时间才能达到水质要求。
通过投加微生物菌剂技术研究表明:在实际河道中投加酵母菌后,河水水质得到有效改善,并且所投加的酵母菌能够吸附在底泥上从而使酵母菌作用时间延长。投菌一年后,底泥中典型微生物数量增加,细菌种类增加,说明投加酵母菌使底泥环境得到改善,酵母菌能够发挥“头领”效应改善底泥中微生物环境。为了弥补微生物促生剂的不足,研究了微生物促生剂与投菌法的联用技术,实验表明:该联用技术可以加速上覆水中污染物降解,从而弥补微生物促生剂技术的不足。
Urban rivers are thought to be the symbol of one city. They are known not only for their ecological functions such as supplying water, providing green spaces, protecting environment and conducting tourism, but also they are the spaces where people can take entertainment and be close with nature. However, accompanying with the growth of the population and the economic development, the urban river was polluted more and more seriously. The remediation on the polluted urban river is very important but difficult to construct civil ecological system and improve the environmental quality. According to the remediation experiences from home and abroad, remediation on the urban river should be based on the laws of the ecology system in the river and emphasize the restoration and protection of the ecology. Furthermore, remediation of the urban river should be consistent with the development of the economic, where safe and high-speed remediation is needed.
In this study, the water self-purification ability was discussed, and the role of sediment in the self-purification process was studied. When water could not complete the self-purification process, aeration technology and perturbation technology were introduced. It was shown that aeration technology was effective in improving the removal efficiency of organic substance, ammonia-nitrogen and total nitrogen when the sediment existed in the reactor. Comparing with the aeration technology, the perturbation technology was bad, although it was also effective in improving the removal efficiency no matter the sediment exists or not. Because of the intensification by aeration technology and perturbation technology, the organic substance and total nitrogen in the sediment were removed, among which the aeration technology was more effective. In the sediment where the aeration technology was used, the number of typical microorganisms and the species of bacterium increased. Moreover, the enzyme activity was improved. It was shown that sediment was irreplaceable in the purification process.
The Bio-energizer technology was conducted, showing that the bio-energizer was helpful to improve the bioactive of the microorganism in the sediment. A lot of the microorganism was grown, thus, the biochemical reaction and the degradation of the contaminant were speeded up. However, a lot of bubbles were generated because of the florescence of the microorganism. Combined with the organic substance and nitrogen contaminant that were released in the water from the sediment, the values of CODCr、TN、NH3-N in the water increased. Although the contamination could be cleared finally by the microorganism, a long time was needed to reach the water standard.
The Bio-agent technology was also conducted, showing that water quality can be improved when yeast cells were added into the field river, and the added yeast can absorb the sediment particles where they can exist for a long time. According to the detection after one year, the number of typical microorganisms and the species of bacterium increased, therefore, the enzyme activity was improved. It was believed that the yeast can behave as a leader to improve the bio-environment in the sediment.
To make up for the shortage ability of Bio-energizer technology, the Bio-agent technology was added. The result showed that this combination technology was effective on the degradation of water contamination to moderate the inadequate of the Bio-energizer technology.
本文首先研究了水体的自净能力以及底泥在水体自净过程中的作用,在水体自净无法满足水体净化的基础上,研究了人工曝气及搅拌(扰动)对水体自净的强化。通过实验证明,在底泥存在条件下进行人工曝气可有效提高有机物、氨氮及总氮的去除效果,搅拌(扰动)无论在有底泥还是无底泥存在条件下均能强化水体自净能力,但是强化效果较人工曝气差。强化过程中底泥中的有机物及总氮大大降低,其中曝气的效果最为明显。人工曝气使底泥典型微生物数量增加、细菌种类增加。底泥在水体净化过程中起到不可替代的作用。
通过微生物促生剂技术研究表明:微生物促生剂能够有效提高微生物活性,使底泥中微生物快速并大量的生长,加快了生化反应的进行,加速了污染物降解。但是,微生物生长产生大量的气泡使得底泥中有机物及含氮污染物向水体快速释放。造成上覆水中CODCr、TN、NH_3-N值大量增加,虽然上覆水中的污染在微生物的作用下能够得到最终降解,但是需要经过较长一段时间才能达到水质要求。
通过投加微生物菌剂技术研究表明:在实际河道中投加酵母菌后,河水水质得到有效改善,并且所投加的酵母菌能够吸附在底泥上从而使酵母菌作用时间延长。投菌一年后,底泥中典型微生物数量增加,细菌种类增加,说明投加酵母菌使底泥环境得到改善,酵母菌能够发挥“头领”效应改善底泥中微生物环境。为了弥补微生物促生剂的不足,研究了微生物促生剂与投菌法的联用技术,实验表明:该联用技术可以加速上覆水中污染物降解,从而弥补微生物促生剂技术的不足。
Urban rivers are thought to be the symbol of one city. They are known not only for their ecological functions such as supplying water, providing green spaces, protecting environment and conducting tourism, but also they are the spaces where people can take entertainment and be close with nature. However, accompanying with the growth of the population and the economic development, the urban river was polluted more and more seriously. The remediation on the polluted urban river is very important but difficult to construct civil ecological system and improve the environmental quality. According to the remediation experiences from home and abroad, remediation on the urban river should be based on the laws of the ecology system in the river and emphasize the restoration and protection of the ecology. Furthermore, remediation of the urban river should be consistent with the development of the economic, where safe and high-speed remediation is needed.
In this study, the water self-purification ability was discussed, and the role of sediment in the self-purification process was studied. When water could not complete the self-purification process, aeration technology and perturbation technology were introduced. It was shown that aeration technology was effective in improving the removal efficiency of organic substance, ammonia-nitrogen and total nitrogen when the sediment existed in the reactor. Comparing with the aeration technology, the perturbation technology was bad, although it was also effective in improving the removal efficiency no matter the sediment exists or not. Because of the intensification by aeration technology and perturbation technology, the organic substance and total nitrogen in the sediment were removed, among which the aeration technology was more effective. In the sediment where the aeration technology was used, the number of typical microorganisms and the species of bacterium increased. Moreover, the enzyme activity was improved. It was shown that sediment was irreplaceable in the purification process.
The Bio-energizer technology was conducted, showing that the bio-energizer was helpful to improve the bioactive of the microorganism in the sediment. A lot of the microorganism was grown, thus, the biochemical reaction and the degradation of the contaminant were speeded up. However, a lot of bubbles were generated because of the florescence of the microorganism. Combined with the organic substance and nitrogen contaminant that were released in the water from the sediment, the values of CODCr、TN、NH3-N in the water increased. Although the contamination could be cleared finally by the microorganism, a long time was needed to reach the water standard.
The Bio-agent technology was also conducted, showing that water quality can be improved when yeast cells were added into the field river, and the added yeast can absorb the sediment particles where they can exist for a long time. According to the detection after one year, the number of typical microorganisms and the species of bacterium increased, therefore, the enzyme activity was improved. It was believed that the yeast can behave as a leader to improve the bio-environment in the sediment.
To make up for the shortage ability of Bio-energizer technology, the Bio-agent technology was added. The result showed that this combination technology was effective on the degradation of water contamination to moderate the inadequate of the Bio-energizer technology.
引文
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