医药企业创业导向、组织学习与企业绩效关系研究
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摘要
医药产业是一个特殊的产业,是一个传统与现代相结合,集一、二、三产业为一体的综合性产业,是国民经济的重要组成部分。医药产业,从资金、信息、技术、人力、管理、品牌等方面都有着很强的专业要求,是一个高投入、高产出、高风险、知识密集、专业性强的产业。从世界范围来看,医药产业正处于快速增长阶段,其增长速度远高于世界经济的平均增长速度。在我国,高速增长的市场空间给国内的医药行业带来了无限光明的前景。但是,我国的医药企业发展状况却不尽如人意,医药产业“多、小、散、乱”等低端市场特征十分明显。
从目前的发展趋势来看,医药行业虽然是具有天生的高风险性的行业,但是医药企业必须加强自身的创新,不断推新去陈,更多的关注创业导向对于企业战略的影响,不断引入新产品、采用新方法、开辟新市场、努力获得新原料、采用新的组织形式和新的经营管理模式,只有这样不断创新、不断寻求创业机会和创业可能性,才能在日益激烈的竞争中不至于被淘汰。当今世界经济发展环境的不确定性迫使组织为提升适应动态环境的能力而进行持续不断的学习,因此组织学习也是企业发展不可缺少的。一些学者指出,成功的创业活动与更广泛的组织学习过程密切相关。
在理论方面,学术界对创业问题的研究已经很多,但是针对医药企业创业导向、组织学习与企业绩效关系的专门研究却不多见。在现实方面,研究医药企业创业导向、组织学习与企业绩效的影响,对国内医药产业发展具有重要的战略指导意义。本论文研究主要分为以下几步:
第一步,系统回顾创业导向、组织学习、企业绩效等基础理论。在创业导向相关理论部分,又系统回顾和分析了创业的内涵及创业研究的发展,创业导向的内涵,国内外创业导向理论及进展,创业导向的维度等。在组织学习相关理论部分,回顾和分析了组织学习的内涵,组织学习的理论及进展,组织学习的维度。在企业绩效相关理论部分,重点回顾了企业绩效的定义和维度。在回顾这三方面重要理论基础上,就创业环境理论进行了一定的分析,回顾和分析了创业环境的内涵和特性。此外,就医药行业的发展情况和医药企业发展特点也进行了回顾。并在此基础上提出了医药企业坚持创业导向和组织学习的必要性。
第二步,就创业导向、组织学习、企业绩效及创业环境间的相关关系进行了专门分析。在创业导向与企业绩效关系分析部分,既论述了两个变量总体间关系,也分析了两个变量子维度间关系。在组织学习与企业绩效关系分析部分,既论述了两个变量总体间关系,也分析了两个变量子维度间关系。在创业导向与组织学习关系分析部分,论述了两个变量总体间关系,同时分析了两个变量子维度间关系。此外,就创业环境在创业导向与企业绩效间关系的调节作用和创业环境在组织学习与企业绩效间关系的调节作用进行了专门论述。在论述上述理论间关系的同时,形成了本论文的理论框架,并提出26条研究假设。
第三步,进行实证研究的前期准备。首先介绍了论文的研究方法;然后仔细介绍了论文研究所使用调查问卷的设计过程;接下来对论文研究资料数据的分析方法也进行了专门说明。
第四步,通过预测试修正调查量表。选择了吉林省内的医药企业,包括医药制造企业和医药流通企业20余家。通过采用邮件发送电子问卷调查的形式,发放调查问卷150份,回收问卷122份,问卷回收率81.3%,其中有效问卷116份,回收问卷有效率95.1%。基于预测试调查问卷,对调查量表的题项进行了专门分析,对调查量表的效度和信度进行了较为科学的检测,从而剔除不合适题项,完善了调查量表。
第五步,通过正式的问卷调查来检验第二步中所提出的22条假设。问卷的正式调查过程中,选择了与自己所在公司有业务往来的国内各地的70余家医药企业,包括医药制造企业和医药流通企业。通过采用邮件发送电子问卷和纸质问卷调查相结合的形式,发放调查问卷347份,回收问卷268份,问卷回收率77.2%,其中有效问卷258份,回收问卷有效率96.3%。在对测量量表进行再次的信度和效度分析基础上,对论文研究的各主要理论变量间的直接影响关系和调节作用影响关系都进行了检验。检验结论是,在全部的26个研究假设中,有14个研究假设得到完全支持,有8个研究假设得到部分支持,有4个研究假设没有得到支持。主要的研究结论有:创业导向整体上对企业绩效有正向影响关系,但是创业导向的各维度对企业绩效的影响关系较为复杂。组织学习整体上对企业绩效有正向影响关系,但是组织学习的各维度对企业绩效的影响也不一致。创业导向整体对组织学习整体有正向影响关系,但是创业导向不同维度对组织学习的不同维度之间的影响关系不一致。环境特征在创业导向和企业绩效之间起到显著的调节作用,但是创业环境各维度在创业导向和企业绩效之间的调节作用不统一。环境特征在组织学习和企业绩效之间起到显著的调节作用,而且创业环境各维度在创业导向和企业绩效之间的调节作用也一致。
最后,论文详细讨论了数据分析结果,并总结了整个研究工作,再一次强调了论文的研究意义。同时也分析了论文研究过程中存在的多方面不足和未来研究展望。
Pharmaceutical industry, a special industry with a combination of traditional and modern, which sets the first, second and tertiary industries as an integrated industry, is an important part of the national economy. It has strong professional requirements on finance, information technology, human resources, management, branding, etc, which is a high input, high output, high.risk, knowledge.intensive, highly specialized industry. From a global perspective, the pharmaceutical industry is in rapid growth phase which is much higher than the world average economic growth rate and has brought endless bright future for the domestic pharmaceutical industry in China. The characteristics of low.end market which is "much, small, scattered, chaotic, etc", is very obvious.
From the current development trend, although the pharmaceutical industry is inherently high.risk industry, pharmaceutical companies must strengthen their innovation, constantly find something new in what is old,pay more attention to entrepreneurial orientation for the impact of corporate strategy,constantly introduce new products, use new methods, open up new markets, strive to obtain new materials, new forms of organization and new management model. Only through constant innovation, looking for entrepreneurial opportunities and possibilities, the pharmaceutical companies can not be eliminated in the increasingly fierce competition.
In today's world,the uncertainty of economy development environment forces the organization to enhance their ability to adapt to a dynamic environment for continuous learning, therefore organizational learning is indispensable to the development of enterprises. Some scholars have pointed out, successful entrepreneurial activities with the broader process of organizational learning are closely related.
In theory, the academic study of entrepreneurship has been a lot, but the specialized research on the relationship of entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance of the pharmaceutical companies is rare. In reality, the research on entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance of the pharmaceutical companies has an important strategic significance. This thesis is divided into the following steps:
The first step, I systematically review entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning, entrepreneurial performance and other basic theory. In the theory part of the entrepreneurial orientation, I systematically review and analysis the meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial research and development, entrepreneurial orientation content, and progress of domestic and international business.oriented theories, the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation,etc. In the theory part of organizational learning theory, I review and analyze the connotation and progress of organizational learning, and the dimensions of organizational learning. In the entrepreneurial performance theories, I focus on reviewing the definitions and dimensions of entrepreneurial performance. In a review of three important theories, I make a certain amount of analysis on the entrepreneurial environment, review and analysis of the meaning and characteristics of the entrepreneurial environment,and in addition to the development and characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry.
The second step, I make a special analysis on the relationship among entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning, entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial environment.In the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In the analysis of the relationship between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In addition, I specially discuss the regulating role of the entrepreneurial environment between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance,and the regulating role of the entrepreneurial environment between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance.Through discussion of the theoretical relationship, I form the theoretical framework of this thesis and propose 26 hypotheses.
The third step is the empirical study preparation. Firstly I introduce the study methods; and then carefully introduce design process of questionnaire in thesis research, and the analysis data methods of thesis research.
The fourth step is to correct the questionnaire through the pre.test. I choose more than 20 pharmaceutical companies in Jilin province, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical distribution companies. Through the electronic mail sending questionnaires, I distribute 150 questionnaires, and recycle 122 questionnaires, of which 116 are valid questionnaires; the recycle rate is 81.3%, and the valid rate is 95.1%. Based on pre.test questionnaires, I analysis the survey scale items, test the validity and reliability of questionnaires, and thus remove inappropriate items, complete the questionnaires.
The fifth step, I test 22 hypotheses in the second step through formal questionnaires, and choose more than 70 pharmaceutical companies, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical distribution companies, which have business cooperation with my company around the country. Through the electronic mail and the paper sending questionnaires, I distribute 347 questionnaires, and recycle 268 questionnaires, of which 258 are valid questionnaires; the recycle rate is 77.2%, and the valid rate is 96.3%. On the base of testing the reliability and validity, I test the direct influence, indirect influence and the modulation of the main theoretical variables in thesis research. The conclusion is that all of the 26 research hypotheses, there are 14 hypotheses are fully supported, eight hypotheses are partially supported,, and four research hypotheses are not supported. The main conclusions of the study are: entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on entrepreneurial performance, but the various dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have more complex impact on entrepreneurial performance. Organizational learning has a positive impact on entrepreneurial performance, however the various dimensions of Organizational Learning s impact on business performance is inconsistent. Entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on organizational Learning, however, the various dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation’s impact on business performance is inconsistent. Environmental characteristics play significant modulation role between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance, however, the various dimensions of environmental characteristics’modulation role on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance is inconsistent. Environmental characteristics play significant modulation role between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance, however, the various dimensions of environmental characteristics’modulation role on organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance is inconsistent.
In the end, the paper discusses the results of data analysis in detail, summarizes the whole research work, and stressed the significance of research once again. I also analyze the deficiencies and future prospects of the thesis research.
从目前的发展趋势来看,医药行业虽然是具有天生的高风险性的行业,但是医药企业必须加强自身的创新,不断推新去陈,更多的关注创业导向对于企业战略的影响,不断引入新产品、采用新方法、开辟新市场、努力获得新原料、采用新的组织形式和新的经营管理模式,只有这样不断创新、不断寻求创业机会和创业可能性,才能在日益激烈的竞争中不至于被淘汰。当今世界经济发展环境的不确定性迫使组织为提升适应动态环境的能力而进行持续不断的学习,因此组织学习也是企业发展不可缺少的。一些学者指出,成功的创业活动与更广泛的组织学习过程密切相关。
在理论方面,学术界对创业问题的研究已经很多,但是针对医药企业创业导向、组织学习与企业绩效关系的专门研究却不多见。在现实方面,研究医药企业创业导向、组织学习与企业绩效的影响,对国内医药产业发展具有重要的战略指导意义。本论文研究主要分为以下几步:
第一步,系统回顾创业导向、组织学习、企业绩效等基础理论。在创业导向相关理论部分,又系统回顾和分析了创业的内涵及创业研究的发展,创业导向的内涵,国内外创业导向理论及进展,创业导向的维度等。在组织学习相关理论部分,回顾和分析了组织学习的内涵,组织学习的理论及进展,组织学习的维度。在企业绩效相关理论部分,重点回顾了企业绩效的定义和维度。在回顾这三方面重要理论基础上,就创业环境理论进行了一定的分析,回顾和分析了创业环境的内涵和特性。此外,就医药行业的发展情况和医药企业发展特点也进行了回顾。并在此基础上提出了医药企业坚持创业导向和组织学习的必要性。
第二步,就创业导向、组织学习、企业绩效及创业环境间的相关关系进行了专门分析。在创业导向与企业绩效关系分析部分,既论述了两个变量总体间关系,也分析了两个变量子维度间关系。在组织学习与企业绩效关系分析部分,既论述了两个变量总体间关系,也分析了两个变量子维度间关系。在创业导向与组织学习关系分析部分,论述了两个变量总体间关系,同时分析了两个变量子维度间关系。此外,就创业环境在创业导向与企业绩效间关系的调节作用和创业环境在组织学习与企业绩效间关系的调节作用进行了专门论述。在论述上述理论间关系的同时,形成了本论文的理论框架,并提出26条研究假设。
第三步,进行实证研究的前期准备。首先介绍了论文的研究方法;然后仔细介绍了论文研究所使用调查问卷的设计过程;接下来对论文研究资料数据的分析方法也进行了专门说明。
第四步,通过预测试修正调查量表。选择了吉林省内的医药企业,包括医药制造企业和医药流通企业20余家。通过采用邮件发送电子问卷调查的形式,发放调查问卷150份,回收问卷122份,问卷回收率81.3%,其中有效问卷116份,回收问卷有效率95.1%。基于预测试调查问卷,对调查量表的题项进行了专门分析,对调查量表的效度和信度进行了较为科学的检测,从而剔除不合适题项,完善了调查量表。
第五步,通过正式的问卷调查来检验第二步中所提出的22条假设。问卷的正式调查过程中,选择了与自己所在公司有业务往来的国内各地的70余家医药企业,包括医药制造企业和医药流通企业。通过采用邮件发送电子问卷和纸质问卷调查相结合的形式,发放调查问卷347份,回收问卷268份,问卷回收率77.2%,其中有效问卷258份,回收问卷有效率96.3%。在对测量量表进行再次的信度和效度分析基础上,对论文研究的各主要理论变量间的直接影响关系和调节作用影响关系都进行了检验。检验结论是,在全部的26个研究假设中,有14个研究假设得到完全支持,有8个研究假设得到部分支持,有4个研究假设没有得到支持。主要的研究结论有:创业导向整体上对企业绩效有正向影响关系,但是创业导向的各维度对企业绩效的影响关系较为复杂。组织学习整体上对企业绩效有正向影响关系,但是组织学习的各维度对企业绩效的影响也不一致。创业导向整体对组织学习整体有正向影响关系,但是创业导向不同维度对组织学习的不同维度之间的影响关系不一致。环境特征在创业导向和企业绩效之间起到显著的调节作用,但是创业环境各维度在创业导向和企业绩效之间的调节作用不统一。环境特征在组织学习和企业绩效之间起到显著的调节作用,而且创业环境各维度在创业导向和企业绩效之间的调节作用也一致。
最后,论文详细讨论了数据分析结果,并总结了整个研究工作,再一次强调了论文的研究意义。同时也分析了论文研究过程中存在的多方面不足和未来研究展望。
Pharmaceutical industry, a special industry with a combination of traditional and modern, which sets the first, second and tertiary industries as an integrated industry, is an important part of the national economy. It has strong professional requirements on finance, information technology, human resources, management, branding, etc, which is a high input, high output, high.risk, knowledge.intensive, highly specialized industry. From a global perspective, the pharmaceutical industry is in rapid growth phase which is much higher than the world average economic growth rate and has brought endless bright future for the domestic pharmaceutical industry in China. The characteristics of low.end market which is "much, small, scattered, chaotic, etc", is very obvious.
From the current development trend, although the pharmaceutical industry is inherently high.risk industry, pharmaceutical companies must strengthen their innovation, constantly find something new in what is old,pay more attention to entrepreneurial orientation for the impact of corporate strategy,constantly introduce new products, use new methods, open up new markets, strive to obtain new materials, new forms of organization and new management model. Only through constant innovation, looking for entrepreneurial opportunities and possibilities, the pharmaceutical companies can not be eliminated in the increasingly fierce competition.
In today's world,the uncertainty of economy development environment forces the organization to enhance their ability to adapt to a dynamic environment for continuous learning, therefore organizational learning is indispensable to the development of enterprises. Some scholars have pointed out, successful entrepreneurial activities with the broader process of organizational learning are closely related.
In theory, the academic study of entrepreneurship has been a lot, but the specialized research on the relationship of entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance of the pharmaceutical companies is rare. In reality, the research on entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance of the pharmaceutical companies has an important strategic significance. This thesis is divided into the following steps:
The first step, I systematically review entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning, entrepreneurial performance and other basic theory. In the theory part of the entrepreneurial orientation, I systematically review and analysis the meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial research and development, entrepreneurial orientation content, and progress of domestic and international business.oriented theories, the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation,etc. In the theory part of organizational learning theory, I review and analyze the connotation and progress of organizational learning, and the dimensions of organizational learning. In the entrepreneurial performance theories, I focus on reviewing the definitions and dimensions of entrepreneurial performance. In a review of three important theories, I make a certain amount of analysis on the entrepreneurial environment, review and analysis of the meaning and characteristics of the entrepreneurial environment,and in addition to the development and characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry.
The second step, I make a special analysis on the relationship among entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning, entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial environment.In the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In the analysis of the relationship between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning, I not only discuss the relationship between two variables in general, also analyze the relationship of sub dimensions of two variables. In addition, I specially discuss the regulating role of the entrepreneurial environment between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance,and the regulating role of the entrepreneurial environment between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance.Through discussion of the theoretical relationship, I form the theoretical framework of this thesis and propose 26 hypotheses.
The third step is the empirical study preparation. Firstly I introduce the study methods; and then carefully introduce design process of questionnaire in thesis research, and the analysis data methods of thesis research.
The fourth step is to correct the questionnaire through the pre.test. I choose more than 20 pharmaceutical companies in Jilin province, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical distribution companies. Through the electronic mail sending questionnaires, I distribute 150 questionnaires, and recycle 122 questionnaires, of which 116 are valid questionnaires; the recycle rate is 81.3%, and the valid rate is 95.1%. Based on pre.test questionnaires, I analysis the survey scale items, test the validity and reliability of questionnaires, and thus remove inappropriate items, complete the questionnaires.
The fifth step, I test 22 hypotheses in the second step through formal questionnaires, and choose more than 70 pharmaceutical companies, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical distribution companies, which have business cooperation with my company around the country. Through the electronic mail and the paper sending questionnaires, I distribute 347 questionnaires, and recycle 268 questionnaires, of which 258 are valid questionnaires; the recycle rate is 77.2%, and the valid rate is 96.3%. On the base of testing the reliability and validity, I test the direct influence, indirect influence and the modulation of the main theoretical variables in thesis research. The conclusion is that all of the 26 research hypotheses, there are 14 hypotheses are fully supported, eight hypotheses are partially supported,, and four research hypotheses are not supported. The main conclusions of the study are: entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on entrepreneurial performance, but the various dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have more complex impact on entrepreneurial performance. Organizational learning has a positive impact on entrepreneurial performance, however the various dimensions of Organizational Learning s impact on business performance is inconsistent. Entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on organizational Learning, however, the various dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation’s impact on business performance is inconsistent. Environmental characteristics play significant modulation role between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance, however, the various dimensions of environmental characteristics’modulation role on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance is inconsistent. Environmental characteristics play significant modulation role between organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance, however, the various dimensions of environmental characteristics’modulation role on organizational learning and entrepreneurial performance is inconsistent.
In the end, the paper discusses the results of data analysis in detail, summarizes the whole research work, and stressed the significance of research once again. I also analyze the deficiencies and future prospects of the thesis research.
引文
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