己内酰胺废水的生物脱氮技术及水资源综合利用
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摘要
高含氮有机废水的脱氮技术是目前水处理及回用技术中遇到的一大难题,开发新型生物脱氮和深度处理及回用技术对缓解我国目前紧缺的水资源现状具有十分重要的应用价值和现实意义。
锦纶生产废水是典型的高含氮有机废水,其特性是可生化性能较好,但是碳氮比失调,是目前较难处理的工业废水之一。本论文采用水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化—曝气生物滤池联合工艺对锦纶生产中废水的除碳、脱氮和深度处理进行了较系统的研究,确定了最佳运行参数,并对系统中氮元素的形态转化和脱氮机理进行了探讨；同时采用水解酸化工艺对系统污泥进行减量,并考察了影响剩余污泥减量化的因素。建立了两段生物接触氧化池生物膜增长动力学模型和曝气生物滤池底物去除动力学模型。
实验结果表明,水力停留时间(HRT)、水力负荷、硝化液回流比、pH、容积负荷以及溶解氧(DO)均对水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化池的处理效果有较大影响。当系统HRT=12.0h、水力负荷为1135.35 mg/L、硝化液回流比为3、pH值维持在5.5～6.5,容积负荷为2.94 kg/(m3·d)、溶解氧控制在3.0～3.5 mg/L(1号生物接触氧化池)、1.8～2.3 mg/L(2号生物接触氧化池)时,为水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化池工艺处理锦纶废水的最优操作条件。
在废水深度处理的研究中发现,气水比和水力负荷对曝气生物滤池处理效果有较大影响。当气水比为2：1时,CODCr的平均去除率可达48.35%、氨氮为84.14%、总氮去除率为42.18%。提高气水比会抑制曝气生物滤池反应器同步反硝化的脱氮能力；提高水力负荷(0.15～0.80 m3/(m2·h)),曝气生物滤池对CODCr、氨氮以及总氮的平均去除率呈现下降趋势,水力负荷为0.40 m3/(m2.h)时,CODCr、氨氮以及总氮的平均去除率分别为48.43%、84.71%和42.45%。研究还发现,在曝气生物滤池中,不同滤层高度的污染物具有不同的去除效果：对CODCr的去除主要发生在进水端后面60cm的范围内；对氨氮和总氮的去除主要发生在滤层20cm-80cm段。
将剩余污泥回流到厌氧段的工艺可有效地实现对剩余污泥的减量。通过实验验证,选取容积负荷2.54kgCODCr/(m3·d)作为水解酸化段的最佳运行负荷。此外,水力停留时间对系统积累的惰性物质的排出影响很大。当厌氧段(A段)的水力停留时间为7.55h左右时,废水能满足达标排放要求,并可实现系统污泥的有效减量。同时,因将污泥回流到水解酸化段进行减量,污泥中所含的氮、磷等元素可以弥补锦纶生产废水中碳氮磷比例失调的缺点,并可降低向系统中添加氮、磷元素所带来的费用。
利用红外光谱分析方法对系统各反应器中的水样进行了分析,发现各水样的红外光谱图在3500-600cm-1波数范围内有相似的特征频率,说明7个水样中均含有CO-NHR、酰胺I、CH3-R、CH2-R、C-CO-C、C-NO2、HCO3-等官能团的物质。
最后采用理论与经验相结合的方法,建立了两段生物接触氧化池的生物膜增长动力学模型,该模型可反映生物膜增长和底物浓度之间的动力学变化关系；建立了曝气生物滤池的有机底物去除动力学模型,该模型可反映曝气生物滤池中基质浓度沿流程的动力学变化情况。
The denitrification technology of high nitrogen organic wastewater, currently, is a difficult problem. So it is necessary to put forward a feasible process that is useful for nitrogen removal and advanced treatment of high concentration nitrogen wastewater.
Nylon-6 production wastewater has the characteristic of high concentration nitrogen and good biodegradability, the main contaminations of which are CODCr and caprolactam, as well as few oligomers and oil solution. In this paper, optimal operating parameters were achieved, nitrogen transformation and removal theory in the system were also discussed. In addition, the characteristics of the biofilm and organic substances degradation were analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, biofilm growth dynamic models were established.
The experimental results showed that circumfluence ratio, HRT, organic loading and DO were all the important affecting factors on the system performance. When the system is HRT=12.0 h, hydraulic loading for 1135.33 mg/L, nitrification liquid reflux ratio for 3, pH value maintained at 5.5 to 6.5, volume loading for 2.94 kg/(m3·d), dissolved oxygen controlled in 3.0～3.5 (1# oxidation ponds),1.8～2.3 mg/L (2# oxidation ponds), the condition is the optimal operating conditions for hydrolysis acidification-sbr-contact oxidation-two paragraphs biological contact oxidation ponds processing polyamide wastewater.
The results showed that DO and hydraulic loadings were the important affecting factors in the advanced treatment. When gas ratio of water is 2:1, the average removal rate of CODCr, NH3-N and TN reach maximum, respectively, are 48.30%、84.24% and 42.18%.Improving gas water has obvious inhibition in biological aerated filters synchronous denitrifying denitrification. When the hydraulic loading for 0.4 m3/(m2·h), CODCr, NH3-N and TN the average removal rate reaches maximum, respectively 48.53%,84.81% and 42.55%. High hydraulic loading, go against CODCr, NH3-N and TN removal. Moreover, different characteristics of each substance removal in UBAF were presented. COD removal mainly occurred after the influent port 60cm in UBAF, NH3-N and TN removal mainly occurred in UBAF 20-80cm range.
Using the return sludge, the surplus sludge backflow to the anaerobic segment of the A/O1/O2 technology can effectively achieve the of the surplus sludge digestion. Comprehensive consideration of the discharge standards and the stable operation of the system, the selection of A section volume kg CODCr/m3 load in 254d around as the system runs normally load. In addition, hydraulic retention time of system accumulated inert materials the excretion of influence. The wastewater A section hydraulic retention time for 7.55 h or so, can satisfy the requirements and standards of wastewater sludge system implementation of effective reduction. Meanwhile, return sludge to A of quantity-reducing, sludge (cell) in N, P the release effective compensation polyamide fiber production wastewater C/N/P disorders faults can be greatly reduced to system add N, P nutrient expenses.
The infrared spectrograms showed that CO-NHR, amide I, CH3-R, CH2-R, C-CO-C, C-NO2 and HCO3- were included in seven wastewater samples.
The relationship between biofilm growth and substances concentrations was reflected in the biofilm growth dynamics model, and the varying trend of substances concentrations along with UBAF height was also reflected in the substances removal dynamic model.
锦纶生产废水是典型的高含氮有机废水,其特性是可生化性能较好,但是碳氮比失调,是目前较难处理的工业废水之一。本论文采用水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化—曝气生物滤池联合工艺对锦纶生产中废水的除碳、脱氮和深度处理进行了较系统的研究,确定了最佳运行参数,并对系统中氮元素的形态转化和脱氮机理进行了探讨；同时采用水解酸化工艺对系统污泥进行减量,并考察了影响剩余污泥减量化的因素。建立了两段生物接触氧化池生物膜增长动力学模型和曝气生物滤池底物去除动力学模型。
实验结果表明,水力停留时间(HRT)、水力负荷、硝化液回流比、pH、容积负荷以及溶解氧(DO)均对水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化池的处理效果有较大影响。当系统HRT=12.0h、水力负荷为1135.35 mg/L、硝化液回流比为3、pH值维持在5.5～6.5,容积负荷为2.94 kg/(m3·d)、溶解氧控制在3.0～3.5 mg/L(1号生物接触氧化池)、1.8～2.3 mg/L(2号生物接触氧化池)时,为水解酸化—两段生物接触氧化池工艺处理锦纶废水的最优操作条件。
在废水深度处理的研究中发现,气水比和水力负荷对曝气生物滤池处理效果有较大影响。当气水比为2：1时,CODCr的平均去除率可达48.35%、氨氮为84.14%、总氮去除率为42.18%。提高气水比会抑制曝气生物滤池反应器同步反硝化的脱氮能力；提高水力负荷(0.15～0.80 m3/(m2·h)),曝气生物滤池对CODCr、氨氮以及总氮的平均去除率呈现下降趋势,水力负荷为0.40 m3/(m2.h)时,CODCr、氨氮以及总氮的平均去除率分别为48.43%、84.71%和42.45%。研究还发现,在曝气生物滤池中,不同滤层高度的污染物具有不同的去除效果：对CODCr的去除主要发生在进水端后面60cm的范围内；对氨氮和总氮的去除主要发生在滤层20cm-80cm段。
将剩余污泥回流到厌氧段的工艺可有效地实现对剩余污泥的减量。通过实验验证,选取容积负荷2.54kgCODCr/(m3·d)作为水解酸化段的最佳运行负荷。此外,水力停留时间对系统积累的惰性物质的排出影响很大。当厌氧段(A段)的水力停留时间为7.55h左右时,废水能满足达标排放要求,并可实现系统污泥的有效减量。同时,因将污泥回流到水解酸化段进行减量,污泥中所含的氮、磷等元素可以弥补锦纶生产废水中碳氮磷比例失调的缺点,并可降低向系统中添加氮、磷元素所带来的费用。
利用红外光谱分析方法对系统各反应器中的水样进行了分析,发现各水样的红外光谱图在3500-600cm-1波数范围内有相似的特征频率,说明7个水样中均含有CO-NHR、酰胺I、CH3-R、CH2-R、C-CO-C、C-NO2、HCO3-等官能团的物质。
最后采用理论与经验相结合的方法,建立了两段生物接触氧化池的生物膜增长动力学模型,该模型可反映生物膜增长和底物浓度之间的动力学变化关系；建立了曝气生物滤池的有机底物去除动力学模型,该模型可反映曝气生物滤池中基质浓度沿流程的动力学变化情况。
The denitrification technology of high nitrogen organic wastewater, currently, is a difficult problem. So it is necessary to put forward a feasible process that is useful for nitrogen removal and advanced treatment of high concentration nitrogen wastewater.
Nylon-6 production wastewater has the characteristic of high concentration nitrogen and good biodegradability, the main contaminations of which are CODCr and caprolactam, as well as few oligomers and oil solution. In this paper, optimal operating parameters were achieved, nitrogen transformation and removal theory in the system were also discussed. In addition, the characteristics of the biofilm and organic substances degradation were analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, biofilm growth dynamic models were established.
The experimental results showed that circumfluence ratio, HRT, organic loading and DO were all the important affecting factors on the system performance. When the system is HRT=12.0 h, hydraulic loading for 1135.33 mg/L, nitrification liquid reflux ratio for 3, pH value maintained at 5.5 to 6.5, volume loading for 2.94 kg/(m3·d), dissolved oxygen controlled in 3.0～3.5 (1# oxidation ponds),1.8～2.3 mg/L (2# oxidation ponds), the condition is the optimal operating conditions for hydrolysis acidification-sbr-contact oxidation-two paragraphs biological contact oxidation ponds processing polyamide wastewater.
The results showed that DO and hydraulic loadings were the important affecting factors in the advanced treatment. When gas ratio of water is 2:1, the average removal rate of CODCr, NH3-N and TN reach maximum, respectively, are 48.30%、84.24% and 42.18%.Improving gas water has obvious inhibition in biological aerated filters synchronous denitrifying denitrification. When the hydraulic loading for 0.4 m3/(m2·h), CODCr, NH3-N and TN the average removal rate reaches maximum, respectively 48.53%,84.81% and 42.55%. High hydraulic loading, go against CODCr, NH3-N and TN removal. Moreover, different characteristics of each substance removal in UBAF were presented. COD removal mainly occurred after the influent port 60cm in UBAF, NH3-N and TN removal mainly occurred in UBAF 20-80cm range.
Using the return sludge, the surplus sludge backflow to the anaerobic segment of the A/O1/O2 technology can effectively achieve the of the surplus sludge digestion. Comprehensive consideration of the discharge standards and the stable operation of the system, the selection of A section volume kg CODCr/m3 load in 254d around as the system runs normally load. In addition, hydraulic retention time of system accumulated inert materials the excretion of influence. The wastewater A section hydraulic retention time for 7.55 h or so, can satisfy the requirements and standards of wastewater sludge system implementation of effective reduction. Meanwhile, return sludge to A of quantity-reducing, sludge (cell) in N, P the release effective compensation polyamide fiber production wastewater C/N/P disorders faults can be greatly reduced to system add N, P nutrient expenses.
The infrared spectrograms showed that CO-NHR, amide I, CH3-R, CH2-R, C-CO-C, C-NO2 and HCO3- were included in seven wastewater samples.
The relationship between biofilm growth and substances concentrations was reflected in the biofilm growth dynamics model, and the varying trend of substances concentrations along with UBAF height was also reflected in the substances removal dynamic model.
引文
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