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风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)繁殖生物学研究
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摘要
本文以从荷兰引进的30个品种风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)的鳞茎为材料,研究了其生殖特性、花芽分化以及组培快繁的关键技术,研究结果如下:
     该批风信子在南京地区2月初开始展叶,2月中下旬到3月中下旬开花,5月上旬到中旬果实成熟,6月初地上部分枯萎;多数品种可自然结实,平均每一花序能结果实9.8个,每一果实能生产种子6粒;种子属于中小粒种子,千粒鲜重46.47 g-57.03 g,千粒干重12.43g-18.63 g,种子含水量较低,为3.73%-4.08%。
     花粉培养2.5 h-4.5 h萌发率达最高值,27个品种的花粉萌发率都大于10%,低温贮藏有利于风信子花粉的保存,在-20℃时,花粉贮藏时间较长。
     140个杂交组合中坐果率为0的有37个,大于20%有63个,介于0-20%之间的有40个;21个自交组合中有18个获得了种子,3个没有获得种子。
     杂交后代幼胚培养的最适宜培养基为MS+谷氨酰胺100mg/L,胚苗增殖培养的最适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+BA0.1 mg/L。
     花芽分化较早,在种球收获前,地上植株还没枯萎时,鳞茎中已经开始了花芽的分化,完成花芽分化约需60d。
     风信子鳞茎适宜的消毒方法是剥叶,75%酒精浸泡5 min,0.1%的升汞浸泡30 min,无菌水冲洗5次,其污染率为9.52%。适宜的诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0-2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2-1.0mg/L;继代培养时6-BA的浓度要适当降低,以0.5-1.0mg/L为宜;NAA浓度的变化对芽增殖的影响较小
The reproduction characteristic, the differentiation of flower bud and the tissue culture key technologies of Hyacinthus orientalis 30 varieties which were introduced from Holland were studied.The results are as follows:
     H. orientalis starts leaf expansion in early Feburary, and blooms from mid-to-late Feburary to mid-to-late March, and its fruit ripens from the beginning to the middle of May, and the aerial part wilts in early June; most varieties can bear fruits in natural state, and each inflorescence can bear 9.8 fruits on average, and each fruit can bear 6 seeds; the seeds of Hyacinth belong to netural minimal seed, the fresh weight of one thousand seeds is 46.47g-57.03g, and the dry weight of one thousand seeds is 12.43g-18.63g, and the seeds' water content is comparatively low, just 3.73%-4.08%.
     When the H. orientalis pollen is nurtured for 2.5h-4.5h, its germination rate can even reach a maximum.The germination rates of 27 varieties of pollen are all more than 10%,. Low temperature storage favors the preservation of H. orientalis pollen, and can extend the life span of pollen obviously, when -20℃, the pollen stores the time to be long.
     The fruit-bearing rate of 37 is 0,63 more than 20% and 40 between 0-20% in 140 hybrid combinations; 21 selfing combination has 18 received seed,3 didn't get seeds.
     The optimal culture medium for hybridizes the young embryo in vitro culture of H. orientalis is MS+ glutamine 100 mg/L and the optimal culture medium for seedling enrichment culture of filial generation is MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L.
     The flower bud differentiation of H. orientalis is much earlier. Before harvesting seed ball and withering of overground plant, it has started the leaf bud differentiation in the bulb, and the whole process of flower bud differentiation takes about 60d.
     H. orientalis bulb gets diseases most frequently. The appropriate disinfection method is to pare its leaves, and soak for 5 min with 75% alcohol and then 30 min with 0.1% mercuric chloride, and flush 5 times with sterilized water, and then its contamination rate is just 9.52%. The suitable induction culture medium is MS+6-BA 1.0~2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2~1.0 mg/L Compares with the induction, following a generation of raise when the 6-BA density must reduce suitably, take 0.5-1.0 mg/L as suitable; The NAA density's change the influence which multiplies to the bud is small.
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