玉米抗纹枯病相关miRNA鉴定及功能分析
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摘要
近年来,玉米纹枯病等真菌性病害蔓延速度加快,发生面积不断扩大,危害日趋严重,逐渐成为我国玉米产区的主要病害,严重影响玉米产量和品质性状的提高。因此,鉴定和筛选玉米抗纹枯病关键基因,系统探究玉米抗纹枯病分子调控机制,结合传统育种策略和科学前沿分子生物技术认识抗病分子机制并最终转化为抗病分子育种是培育广谱、高效、稳定和安全的抗病玉米品种的有效途径。miRNA是一类内源性的、21-25碱基长度的小分子非编码RNA,它通过指导剪切或者抑制翻译等方式调节植物基因的表达,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境胁迫响应等各个方面。因此,筛选重要抗病相关玉米miRNA及其靶基因并鉴定其功能,深入研究候选miRNA及其靶基因在抗病基因表达调控过程中的作用机制是必须的,更是紧迫的。
本研究在前期开展玉米miRNA研究的基础上,选取耐纹枯病玉米自交系R15和高感纹枯病玉米骨干自交系掖478为材料,利用Solexa深度测序与生物信息学手段分析,筛选获得大量玉米纹枯病胁迫相关miRNA,结合miRNA原位杂交、miRNA荧光定量和半定量等方法对部分重要抗纹枯病相关miRNA及其靶基因进行表达检测,得到的主要结果如下：
1.共获得39个新miRNA,分属于33个miRNA家族,其中处理中特有新miRNA为5个,对照中特有新miRNA为15个,处理和对照中共有且发生差异表达的新miRNA共15个,处理和对照中共有但无明显差异表达的新miRNA共4个；获得147个已知miRNA,分属于25个miRNA家族,其中发生显著或极显著差异表达的已知miRNA共41个,发生显著差异表达的成熟miRNA有4个,极显著差异上调表达的miRNA为2个,极显著差异下调表达的miRNA共35个。
2.新发现的zma-miRNA 36、zma-miRNA 32和zma-miRNA 28分别与已知的zma-miRNA 156家族、zma-miRNA171a/b和zma-miRNA 172家族成员序列保守性较高,可能是这些已知玉米miRNA家族的新成员。
3.部分新发现的miRNA在不同模式植物中存在不同程度保守性。
4.靶基囚预测及分类结果表明,39条新发现的miRNAs靶基因预测总数为248个,其靶基因功能主要涉及生长发育代谢、蛋白转运、转录调控、胁迫响应、激素信号传导和电子传递等；受纹枯病诱导差异表达的已知miRNA倾向于靶向作用于转录因子,主要包括MYB、TCP、锌指蛋白、GRAS、ARF等。
5.部分抗病相关miRNA可以同时参与玉米的生长发育和纹枯病胁迫响应过程并发挥重要作用,这类现象组成了抗病相关miRNA调控功能的重叠网络。
6.选取的9个重要候选miRNA的荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,除zma-miR168a在两材料中有明显上调表达趋势外,其余miRNA大都呈下调表达趋势,并且在耐病材料R15中下调表达趋势明显,尤其在胁迫后24h表达受明显抑制。
7.选取的2个重要候选miRNA的组织原位杂交结果表明,随纹枯病病菌入侵时间增加,其侵害部位在玉米叶鞘组织中呈山外向内趋势逐渐深入并诱导这些部位的2个miRNA特异性表达。
8.10个候选miRNA的靶基因在两材料R15和掖478中的表达检测结果表明,其靶向作用的AGO1蛋白、GRAS转录因子、泛素水解酶、TCP转录因子、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、漆酶、ARF激素响应因子1/2、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶、MFS药物转运蛋白、转运蛋白和CCAAT转录因子等均能在两材料接菌后处理中被检测,并且表达差异较大。从总体水平来看,受下调表达miRNA调控的靶基因在两个材料接菌后不同时间段中其表达量呈上调趋势,且在胁迫后24h增至最高,而受上调表达miRNA调控的部分靶基因在两个材料接菌后不同时间段中其表达量有下降趋势。结合前面的miRNA原位杂交、miRNA荧光定量PCR结果表明,10个候选miRNA负调控其相应靶基因,最终导致抗病相关基因在两材料中富集并通过各自特有抗病途径抵御纹枯病病原菌胁迫,并且从结果可以推测耐病材料R15较掖478更能高富集大量抗病相关靶基因,这可能是R15和掖478表现出耐/感纹枯病差异特性的重要原因。
9.受纹枯病诱导玉米体内的代谢途径、细胞学过程、生物调控、生物进程调控以及逆境响应等途径富集大量的受miRNA调控的靶基因,这些miRNA负调控其靶基因参与的防御机制主要包括信号传导途径、抗氧化胁迫机制、自身反馈调节、转录调控途径、抗病相关代谢途径以及有毒物质外排转运等,最终各类miRNA介导的各类抗病途径构建了玉米抗纹枯病胁迫复杂的防御机制。
The maize banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) has become the main disease in the producing area of china in recent years, and critically affected the maize yield and the improvement of quality traits, owing to the spread and the expansion of occurrence of this disease. Therefore, it is an effective way of cultivating broad-spectrum, efficient, stable, safe and disease-resistant corn varieties through identifying and selecting disease-resistant key genes for BLSB and then carries on breeding for disease resistance, combining with traditional breeding strategies and frontier molecular biotechnology to know disease-resistant molecular mechanism and systematically explore the molecular modulation mechanism. miRNAs are a class of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that range in length from roughly 21 to 24 nucleotides,which play a central role in regulating plants growth and development and responsing to adverse environmental and so on, tlirough directing the cleavage or repressing translation by interfering with expression of plant mRNA So, it is pressing to screen and study the role of the candidate miRNA and its target genes in process of regulation which invovled in disease resistance and then identify its function.
In this study, the maize inbred lines R15 (resistance to BLSB) and 478 (susceptible to BLSB) were used as materials, many candidate miRNA were screened under BLSB stress based on the initial research combing with Solexa depth sequencing and bioinformatics method analysis, and expressions of the candidate miRNA and its target genes of BLSB were detected combing with miRNA in situ hybridization, fluorescence quantitative and semi-quantitative and so on. The main results are as follows:
1.39 new miRNAs are obtained which belong to 33 miRNA families, of which, there were five new special miRNAs in BLSB treat and 15 new miRNAs in control, moreover, 15 miRNAs were both exhibited differential expression in the above conditions However, 4 new miRNAs of their expression showed no obvious difference.and 147 known miRNAs were obtained which belong to 25 miRNA family,41 miRNAs were expressed different or significantly different, of which,4 miRNAs were differentially expressed,2 miRNAs were differentially up-regulated and 35 miRNAs were differentially down-regulated.
2. The new discovered zma-miRNA36, zma-miRNA32 and zma-miRNA28 kept higher conservative in their sequeces compared with the known zma-miRNA156 family, miRNA171a/b family and zma-miRNA 172 family, respectively; So they could be new members of the three known maize miRNA family respectively.
3. Some new miRNA kept different conservation in the different mode plant.
4. Target genes of new 39 miRNAs were predicted and classified respectively, which contained 248 target genes which mainly involved in the growth and metabolism, protein transportion, transcription regulation, response to stress, hormone signaling and electronic transfer and so on. Moreover, target genes of the known miRNAs expressed differentially and tended to target to the transcription factors (MYB, TCP, zinc finger protein, GRAS, ARF et al) in BLSB treat condition
5. Some miRNAs associated with disease resistion could meanwhile participate in maize growth and development and play important roles in responsing to sheath blight, and, this type of phcnomenons compose overlay network of miRNA regulation associated with disease resistion.
6. The 9 important candidated miRNAs were selected and verifed by Q-PCR It is indicated that these miRNAs were almost down-expressed especially significantly expressed in R15 and-treated after 24 hours. Howeever, mill 168a showed apparently up-expressed in the two materials.
7. The two important candidated miRNAs is selected and analysised by ISH (in situ hybridization), It is suggested that the infection sites of BLSB in tissue spreaded from outside to inward with the prolong of time and showed their specific expressions in these sites.
8. The target genes of the 10 miRNAs were all detected in R15 and 478, and showed great differences in their expression levels under BLSB treated respectively which included AGO1, GRAS transcription factor, ubiquitin hydrolase, TCP transcription factor, serine/thrconine protein kinase, laccase, ARF hormone response factor 1/2, glutathione suifur transferase, MFS drug transport protein, CCAAT transcription factor and so on. In general, the condidated miRNAs up-expressed in different periods after infected BLSB in R15 and 478 and reached to peak in 24 hours while the target genes down-expressed, On the contrary, the condidated miRNAs down-expressed while the target genes up-expressed. Combine with ISH and Q-PCR of miRNAs, the 10 candidate miRNAs negatively regulated their corresponse target genes which associated with disease resistance through their own peculiar disease-resistant ways in R15 and 478, under BLSB treated. It is donstratcd that R15 and 478 possessed different BLSB resistance characteristics becauce the maize inbred lines R15 enriched more target genes of candidated miRNAs than 478.
9. These candidated miRNAs invovled in the complicated defence mechanism of maize to resist BLSB stress, which mostly included signal conduct pathway, antioxidatant stress mechanism, self-feedback regulation, transcription regulation pathway, metabolic pathway and related to disease resistance, efflux of toxic substance, and so on.
本研究在前期开展玉米miRNA研究的基础上,选取耐纹枯病玉米自交系R15和高感纹枯病玉米骨干自交系掖478为材料,利用Solexa深度测序与生物信息学手段分析,筛选获得大量玉米纹枯病胁迫相关miRNA,结合miRNA原位杂交、miRNA荧光定量和半定量等方法对部分重要抗纹枯病相关miRNA及其靶基因进行表达检测,得到的主要结果如下：
1.共获得39个新miRNA,分属于33个miRNA家族,其中处理中特有新miRNA为5个,对照中特有新miRNA为15个,处理和对照中共有且发生差异表达的新miRNA共15个,处理和对照中共有但无明显差异表达的新miRNA共4个；获得147个已知miRNA,分属于25个miRNA家族,其中发生显著或极显著差异表达的已知miRNA共41个,发生显著差异表达的成熟miRNA有4个,极显著差异上调表达的miRNA为2个,极显著差异下调表达的miRNA共35个。
2.新发现的zma-miRNA 36、zma-miRNA 32和zma-miRNA 28分别与已知的zma-miRNA 156家族、zma-miRNA171a/b和zma-miRNA 172家族成员序列保守性较高,可能是这些已知玉米miRNA家族的新成员。
3.部分新发现的miRNA在不同模式植物中存在不同程度保守性。
4.靶基囚预测及分类结果表明,39条新发现的miRNAs靶基因预测总数为248个,其靶基因功能主要涉及生长发育代谢、蛋白转运、转录调控、胁迫响应、激素信号传导和电子传递等；受纹枯病诱导差异表达的已知miRNA倾向于靶向作用于转录因子,主要包括MYB、TCP、锌指蛋白、GRAS、ARF等。
5.部分抗病相关miRNA可以同时参与玉米的生长发育和纹枯病胁迫响应过程并发挥重要作用,这类现象组成了抗病相关miRNA调控功能的重叠网络。
6.选取的9个重要候选miRNA的荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,除zma-miR168a在两材料中有明显上调表达趋势外,其余miRNA大都呈下调表达趋势,并且在耐病材料R15中下调表达趋势明显,尤其在胁迫后24h表达受明显抑制。
7.选取的2个重要候选miRNA的组织原位杂交结果表明,随纹枯病病菌入侵时间增加,其侵害部位在玉米叶鞘组织中呈山外向内趋势逐渐深入并诱导这些部位的2个miRNA特异性表达。
8.10个候选miRNA的靶基因在两材料R15和掖478中的表达检测结果表明,其靶向作用的AGO1蛋白、GRAS转录因子、泛素水解酶、TCP转录因子、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、漆酶、ARF激素响应因子1/2、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶、MFS药物转运蛋白、转运蛋白和CCAAT转录因子等均能在两材料接菌后处理中被检测,并且表达差异较大。从总体水平来看,受下调表达miRNA调控的靶基因在两个材料接菌后不同时间段中其表达量呈上调趋势,且在胁迫后24h增至最高,而受上调表达miRNA调控的部分靶基因在两个材料接菌后不同时间段中其表达量有下降趋势。结合前面的miRNA原位杂交、miRNA荧光定量PCR结果表明,10个候选miRNA负调控其相应靶基因,最终导致抗病相关基因在两材料中富集并通过各自特有抗病途径抵御纹枯病病原菌胁迫,并且从结果可以推测耐病材料R15较掖478更能高富集大量抗病相关靶基因,这可能是R15和掖478表现出耐/感纹枯病差异特性的重要原因。
9.受纹枯病诱导玉米体内的代谢途径、细胞学过程、生物调控、生物进程调控以及逆境响应等途径富集大量的受miRNA调控的靶基因,这些miRNA负调控其靶基因参与的防御机制主要包括信号传导途径、抗氧化胁迫机制、自身反馈调节、转录调控途径、抗病相关代谢途径以及有毒物质外排转运等,最终各类miRNA介导的各类抗病途径构建了玉米抗纹枯病胁迫复杂的防御机制。
The maize banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) has become the main disease in the producing area of china in recent years, and critically affected the maize yield and the improvement of quality traits, owing to the spread and the expansion of occurrence of this disease. Therefore, it is an effective way of cultivating broad-spectrum, efficient, stable, safe and disease-resistant corn varieties through identifying and selecting disease-resistant key genes for BLSB and then carries on breeding for disease resistance, combining with traditional breeding strategies and frontier molecular biotechnology to know disease-resistant molecular mechanism and systematically explore the molecular modulation mechanism. miRNAs are a class of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that range in length from roughly 21 to 24 nucleotides,which play a central role in regulating plants growth and development and responsing to adverse environmental and so on, tlirough directing the cleavage or repressing translation by interfering with expression of plant mRNA So, it is pressing to screen and study the role of the candidate miRNA and its target genes in process of regulation which invovled in disease resistance and then identify its function.
In this study, the maize inbred lines R15 (resistance to BLSB) and 478 (susceptible to BLSB) were used as materials, many candidate miRNA were screened under BLSB stress based on the initial research combing with Solexa depth sequencing and bioinformatics method analysis, and expressions of the candidate miRNA and its target genes of BLSB were detected combing with miRNA in situ hybridization, fluorescence quantitative and semi-quantitative and so on. The main results are as follows:
1.39 new miRNAs are obtained which belong to 33 miRNA families, of which, there were five new special miRNAs in BLSB treat and 15 new miRNAs in control, moreover, 15 miRNAs were both exhibited differential expression in the above conditions However, 4 new miRNAs of their expression showed no obvious difference.and 147 known miRNAs were obtained which belong to 25 miRNA family,41 miRNAs were expressed different or significantly different, of which,4 miRNAs were differentially expressed,2 miRNAs were differentially up-regulated and 35 miRNAs were differentially down-regulated.
2. The new discovered zma-miRNA36, zma-miRNA32 and zma-miRNA28 kept higher conservative in their sequeces compared with the known zma-miRNA156 family, miRNA171a/b family and zma-miRNA 172 family, respectively; So they could be new members of the three known maize miRNA family respectively.
3. Some new miRNA kept different conservation in the different mode plant.
4. Target genes of new 39 miRNAs were predicted and classified respectively, which contained 248 target genes which mainly involved in the growth and metabolism, protein transportion, transcription regulation, response to stress, hormone signaling and electronic transfer and so on. Moreover, target genes of the known miRNAs expressed differentially and tended to target to the transcription factors (MYB, TCP, zinc finger protein, GRAS, ARF et al) in BLSB treat condition
5. Some miRNAs associated with disease resistion could meanwhile participate in maize growth and development and play important roles in responsing to sheath blight, and, this type of phcnomenons compose overlay network of miRNA regulation associated with disease resistion.
6. The 9 important candidated miRNAs were selected and verifed by Q-PCR It is indicated that these miRNAs were almost down-expressed especially significantly expressed in R15 and-treated after 24 hours. Howeever, mill 168a showed apparently up-expressed in the two materials.
7. The two important candidated miRNAs is selected and analysised by ISH (in situ hybridization), It is suggested that the infection sites of BLSB in tissue spreaded from outside to inward with the prolong of time and showed their specific expressions in these sites.
8. The target genes of the 10 miRNAs were all detected in R15 and 478, and showed great differences in their expression levels under BLSB treated respectively which included AGO1, GRAS transcription factor, ubiquitin hydrolase, TCP transcription factor, serine/thrconine protein kinase, laccase, ARF hormone response factor 1/2, glutathione suifur transferase, MFS drug transport protein, CCAAT transcription factor and so on. In general, the condidated miRNAs up-expressed in different periods after infected BLSB in R15 and 478 and reached to peak in 24 hours while the target genes down-expressed, On the contrary, the condidated miRNAs down-expressed while the target genes up-expressed. Combine with ISH and Q-PCR of miRNAs, the 10 candidate miRNAs negatively regulated their corresponse target genes which associated with disease resistance through their own peculiar disease-resistant ways in R15 and 478, under BLSB treated. It is donstratcd that R15 and 478 possessed different BLSB resistance characteristics becauce the maize inbred lines R15 enriched more target genes of candidated miRNAs than 478.
9. These candidated miRNAs invovled in the complicated defence mechanism of maize to resist BLSB stress, which mostly included signal conduct pathway, antioxidatant stress mechanism, self-feedback regulation, transcription regulation pathway, metabolic pathway and related to disease resistance, efflux of toxic substance, and so on.
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