掺杂型镧锰氧化物的制备及其红外发射率研究
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摘要
任何材料在一定温度下均存在红外发射率。根据斯忒藩-玻尔兹曼定律E=σεT~4可知,红外发射率是影响物体红外辐射能量大小的重要因素,发射率越大,物体向外辐射的能量也就越大。碱土金属掺杂的镧锰氧化物不仅具有优良的庞磁电阻效应,同时伴随有金属-绝缘态转变和相应的铁磁-顺磁转变。由于金属具有较低的发射率,而绝缘体具有较高的发射率,因此这种具有金属-绝缘态转变的镧锰氧化物,其发射率就会随着温度的变化而自主地发生变化,作为一种新型的热控材料有着广阔的应用前景。本论文以掺杂型镧锰氧化物为研究对象,鉴于其ABO_3型结构与性能的密切关系,从调整镧锰氧化物ABO_3结构掺杂出发,对不同掺杂体系镧锰氧化物的红外发射率特性及其变化规律作一些有益的探索,并在此基础上进一步提高镧锰氧化物的可变发射率性能。重点研究了A位二价离子掺杂体系La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3和La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3,A位一价离子掺杂体系La_(1-x)Na_xMnO_3和La_(1-x)K_xMnO_3,A位离子缺位体系(La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(1-x)MnO_3,B位离子掺杂体系La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(1-x)Cu_xO_3和La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(1-x)Ti_xO_3体材料的红外发射率特性,以现代分析手段从多方面对不同离子价态、不同位置、不同形式掺杂样品的红外发射率与结构、电磁特性、红外吸收特性之间的相互关系进行了系统的研究,确定了合适的热控制材料体系及其适用范围,利用离子缺位成功地提高了可变发射率性能,对镧锰氧化物ABO_3结构掺杂与红外发射率的若干关系作了探讨,在以上研究基础上对镧锰氧化物薄膜和涂层的红外发射率特性进行了初步研究。
1.分别制备了A位二价Sr和Ca离子掺杂样品,首次系统地研究了不同掺杂浓度、温度、波段、表面粗糙度和晶格结构对样品发射率的影响,以及可变发射率性能与波段的对应响应问题。掺Sr样品呈菱方相结构,但随着掺杂浓度的增大,Mn~(3+)离子迅速减少导致体系晶格结构向高对称性转变为立方相;掺Ca样品呈立方相结构。由于Mn~(3+)-O-Mn~(4+)之间的双交换作用,掺Sr样品的导电性和铁磁性随着掺杂浓度的增大而增强,发射率减小;由导电性与磁性能的密切相关性得出,发射率不仅与导电性相关,与磁性能也有关系,并且铁磁性越强,发射率越低。掺Ca样品的导电性随着掺杂浓度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,但是由于铁磁性一直增强,轨道有序作用使样品中出现了铁磁-绝缘相,发射率减小。由此推断得出,镧锰氧化物铁磁性对发射率的影响大于导电性的影响。对于镧锰氧化物体材料,表面粗糙度对发射率影响不大。为了研究晶格结构对红外发射率的影响,分别用固相反应法与溶胶凝胶法制得菱方相与正交相样品,发现不同晶格结构样品的发射率特性明显不同。由于金属-绝缘态转变,Sr掺杂浓度x=0.2样品在8~14μm波段的发射率随温度出现了突变现象,在288~373 K之间的变化值为0.13,计算得出328 K时其向外辐射能量达到536.8 W/m~2,辐射性能提高18 %,但是在3~5μm波段不存在可变发射率性能。Ca离子掺杂样品的发射率在288 K~373 K之间逐渐减小。因此,Sr掺杂浓度x=0.2样品作为在8~14μm波段的热控制材料有潜在的应用前景。
2.采用一价Na离子和K离子分别替代La离子,发现一价离子在钙钛矿结构中的溶解度较低,离子很难融入晶格中。一价离子掺杂使体系转变为顺磁态,电子自旋共振波谱强度随掺杂浓度的增大而减小,表明样品中不成对电子浓度减小,从而降低了轨道跃迁几率,发射率减小。由于自发极化增强了偶极矩的振动,在8~14μm波段出现了新的红外吸收峰。磁性能的降低与8~14μm波段的红外吸收使一价掺杂样品的发射率偏高,K掺杂样品的发射率大于Na掺杂样品的发射率,并且一价掺杂样品的发射率在288~373 K之间随着温度没有明显变化。因此,一价掺杂体系不适合作为热控制材料。
3.首次研究了A位离子缺位体系的红外发射率特性,并成功制备出发射率变化差值较大的样品。由于A位缺位量的增加造成空间结构的变化以及所产生的内应力,体系中电子-声子散射和磁散射增强,导电性和铁磁性减小。同时,畸变的晶格导致体系在8~14μm波段出现新的红外吸收。然而体系的发射率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当缺位量x=0.2时,样品的发射率最大,这与样品在8~14μm波段强的红外吸收有关。由此得出,红外吸收对体系发射率的影响大于导电性和铁磁性的影响。缺位量x=0.2样品的发射率在288~373 K之间的变化值为0.2,仅在室温288~313 K附近发射率变化值就达0.159,计算得出313 K时其向外辐射的能量为440.8 W/m~2,辐射性能增加24.6 %。可见,缺位样品作为热控制材料有更广阔的应用前景。
4.鉴于Mn-O-Mn网络结构对样品性能的重要影响,利用Cu离子和Ti离子替代占据B位的Mn,考察B位掺杂样品的红外发射率特性。随着Cu掺杂浓度的增加,样品结构趋于有序化,体系对称性降低,因此不对称振动引起的红外吸收变大,电子自旋共振波谱的宽度变窄。Ti掺杂样品在8~14μm波段出现了两个新的红外吸收峰。由于掺杂使体系由铁磁态转变为顺磁态,以及在8~14μm波段强的红外吸收,B位掺杂样品的发射率偏高,并且在288~373 K之间随着温度的变化没有明显变化。可见,B位掺杂样品不适合做热控制材料。
5.从镧锰氧化物ABO_3结构掺杂特性出发,分析和总结了镧锰氧化物的晶格结构、电磁特性和红外吸收与红外发射率之间的相互关系,得出掺杂镧锰氧化物的红外发射率特性是红外辐射与晶格结构、电子结构与磁结构相互耦合作用的结果。
6.在镧锰氧化物体材料红外发射率研究的基础上,制备镧锰氧化物薄膜和涂层材料,并初步研究它们的红外发射率特性。利用溶胶凝胶法和反提拉涂膜工艺制备了掺锶镧锰氧化物薄膜,薄膜的红外发射率随着膜厚的增加而逐渐减小,当厚度达到1400 nm时发射率保持不变。紫外辐照结果表明,辐照前后薄膜发射率特性基本不变。以掺锶镧锰氧化物为颜料,环氧改性聚氨酯为基体树脂制备了镧锰氧化物涂层,涂层的发射率随着颜料用量的增加而减小。
Infrared emissivity is a physical property for material under certain temperature. According to Stefan-Boltzman law: E=σεT4, infrared emissivity is an important factor for infrared radiant energy. Higher emissivity can lead to higher radiant energy. Besides colossal magnetoresistance effects, metal-insulator and corresponding ferromagnetism-paramagnetism transition are found to occurr in alkaline earth doped lanthanum manganites. Emissivity of metal is low, while that of insulator is high. Thus, due to metal-insulator transition, infrared emissivity of doped lanthanum manganites can change significantly with temperature, which makes them attractive as thermal control material. In this work, we focus on the infrared emissivity and improvement of variable emissivity of ABO_3-type lanthanum manganites, investigating the structure, electromagnetic properties, infrared absorption and emissivity of La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A=Sr and Ca), La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A=Na and K), (La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(1-x)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(1-x)B_xO_3 (B=Cu and Ti) systems. Appropriate thermal control systems have been confirmed and variable emissivity property has been improved successfully. The relationship between ABO_3 doped structure and infrared emissivity has been discussed. On the basis of this, infrared emissivity of Sr doped lanthanum manganites film and coating has been primarily investigated.
1. Divalent Sr and Ca doped lanthanum manganites have been prepared, respectively, and the relationship between emissivity and doping level, temperature, waveband, roughness, crystal lattice has been systematically investigated for the first time. The results indicate that Sr-doped samples are rhombohedral, but with increasing doping level, greatly reducing Mn~(3+) ions result in the transformation of crystal lattice from rhombohedral to cubic, and the structure of Ca-doped samples are cubic. Due to double-exchange interaction between Mn~(3+) and Mn~(4+), electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism of Sr doped samples are enhanced with increasing doping level, which leads to the decrease of emissivity. According to the close relationship between electric and magnetic properties, we conclude that emissivity of lanthanum manganites relates to, not only electrical resistivity, but also ferromagnetism, and intenser ferromagnetism can lead to lower emissivity value. For Ca doped samples, electrical resistivity was enhanced for doping level x=0.1~0.3 samples, but weakened for x=0.4 sample. The ferromagnetism was enhanced for all the Ca doped samples. Ferromagnetic-insulated phase occurred in the sample due to orbital ordering. Emissivity of Ca doped samples decreased with increasing doping level. Thus, we concluded that the ferromagnetism has stronger effect on emissivity than electrical resistivity. Roughness has no drastic influence on emissivity for bulk lanthanum manganites, and emissivity of rhombohedral and orthorhombic samples, prepared by solid-state reaction and sol-gel method, respectively, was significantly different. The emissivity in the 8~14μm waveband for x=0.2 Sr doped sample increases significantly with temperature, due to the metal-insulator phase transition, and the variable range is 0.13 between 288 K and 373 K. The calculated radiant energy arrives to 536.8 W/m2 at 328 K, and radiant property is improved about 18 %. However, in the 3–5μm waveband, no drastic emissivity change occurs. Emissivity of Ca-doped samples gradually decreases with increasing temperature. Therefore, x=0.2 Sr doped sample may have the potential for application as thermal control material.
2. The monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A= Na and K) were prepared by standard solid-state reaction method. The solubility of Na and K ions in the system is low. The monovalent doped samples are in the paramagnetic state, and the intensity of electron spin resonance decreases with doping level, indicating decreasing concentration of single electron and orbital transition probabilities, which results in the decrease of emissivity. Due to increasing vibrating dipole moments induced by spontaneous polarization, new infrared absorption occurs in the 8~14μm waveband. Due to the weakening of magnetic properties and infrared absorption, the emissivity of monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites is higher and K doped samples exhibit higher emissivity values than Na doped samples. The emissivity of monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites remains constant in the whole temperature range. Therefore, the monovalent-doped system is not suitable as thermal control material.
3. The emissivity of non-stoichiometric (La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(1-x)MnO_3 system was systematically investigated for the first time and sample with bigger variable-emissivity range has been prepared successfully. The electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism of the samples decrease with A-site deficient levels, due to the increase of electron-phonon and magnetism scatter induced by the change of space structure and inner stress. And new infrared absorption occurs in the 8~14μm waveband induced by distorted crystal lattice. The emissivity of the samples shows increase-decrease trend with deficient level, and highest value has been obtained when deficient level x is 0.2, which may be related to intense infrared absorption in the 8~14μm waveband. Thus, we conclude that the influence of infrared absorption on the emissivity is stronger than that of electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism. The emissivity change of x=0.2 sample is 0.2 in the temperature range of 288~373 K, and even 0.15 near room temperature 288~313 K. The calculated radiant energy arrives to 440.8 W/m~2, and radiant property is improved about 24.6 %. Therefore, non-stoichiometric samples have greater potential for application as thermal control material.
4. Due to the important effect of Mn-O-Mn network, the emissivity of Cu and Ti doped system was investigated, respectively. With increasing Cu doping level, ordered structure was formed, and then ordering lowers the symmetry, which enhances asymmetric vibration absorption and narrows electron spin resonance linewidth. Two new infrared absorption peaks occur in the 8~14μm waveband for Ti doped samples. The emissivity of B-site doped lanthanum manganites is higher, due to magnetic transformation from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic and intense infrared absorption in the 8~14μm waveband. No drastic change occurs in the whole temperature range for B-site doped samples. Therefore, the B-site doped system is not suitable as thermal control material.
5. The relationship between infrared emissivity and crystal structure, electromagnetic properties, infrared absorption has been analysed on the basis of ABO_3 doping structure. We conclude that the emissivity property of doped lanthanum manganites is strongly related to the coupling effect between infrared radiation and crystal, electric, magnetic structure.
6. On the basis of research on emissivity of bulk lanthanum manganites, Sr doped lanthanum manganites films and coatings have been prepared, and emissivity of the samples is primarily investigated. The films were prepared by sol-gel and reversed-dip-coating method. The emissivity of the films decreases with thickness, and remains constant when the thickness arrives to 1400 nm. Ultraviolet radiation results show that emissivity property is changeless after radiation. The lanthanum manganites coatings were prepared by Sr doped manganites and epoxy modified polyurethane. The emissivity of the coatings decreases with increasing pigment concentration.
1.分别制备了A位二价Sr和Ca离子掺杂样品,首次系统地研究了不同掺杂浓度、温度、波段、表面粗糙度和晶格结构对样品发射率的影响,以及可变发射率性能与波段的对应响应问题。掺Sr样品呈菱方相结构,但随着掺杂浓度的增大,Mn~(3+)离子迅速减少导致体系晶格结构向高对称性转变为立方相;掺Ca样品呈立方相结构。由于Mn~(3+)-O-Mn~(4+)之间的双交换作用,掺Sr样品的导电性和铁磁性随着掺杂浓度的增大而增强,发射率减小;由导电性与磁性能的密切相关性得出,发射率不仅与导电性相关,与磁性能也有关系,并且铁磁性越强,发射率越低。掺Ca样品的导电性随着掺杂浓度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,但是由于铁磁性一直增强,轨道有序作用使样品中出现了铁磁-绝缘相,发射率减小。由此推断得出,镧锰氧化物铁磁性对发射率的影响大于导电性的影响。对于镧锰氧化物体材料,表面粗糙度对发射率影响不大。为了研究晶格结构对红外发射率的影响,分别用固相反应法与溶胶凝胶法制得菱方相与正交相样品,发现不同晶格结构样品的发射率特性明显不同。由于金属-绝缘态转变,Sr掺杂浓度x=0.2样品在8~14μm波段的发射率随温度出现了突变现象,在288~373 K之间的变化值为0.13,计算得出328 K时其向外辐射能量达到536.8 W/m~2,辐射性能提高18 %,但是在3~5μm波段不存在可变发射率性能。Ca离子掺杂样品的发射率在288 K~373 K之间逐渐减小。因此,Sr掺杂浓度x=0.2样品作为在8~14μm波段的热控制材料有潜在的应用前景。
2.采用一价Na离子和K离子分别替代La离子,发现一价离子在钙钛矿结构中的溶解度较低,离子很难融入晶格中。一价离子掺杂使体系转变为顺磁态,电子自旋共振波谱强度随掺杂浓度的增大而减小,表明样品中不成对电子浓度减小,从而降低了轨道跃迁几率,发射率减小。由于自发极化增强了偶极矩的振动,在8~14μm波段出现了新的红外吸收峰。磁性能的降低与8~14μm波段的红外吸收使一价掺杂样品的发射率偏高,K掺杂样品的发射率大于Na掺杂样品的发射率,并且一价掺杂样品的发射率在288~373 K之间随着温度没有明显变化。因此,一价掺杂体系不适合作为热控制材料。
3.首次研究了A位离子缺位体系的红外发射率特性,并成功制备出发射率变化差值较大的样品。由于A位缺位量的增加造成空间结构的变化以及所产生的内应力,体系中电子-声子散射和磁散射增强,导电性和铁磁性减小。同时,畸变的晶格导致体系在8~14μm波段出现新的红外吸收。然而体系的发射率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当缺位量x=0.2时,样品的发射率最大,这与样品在8~14μm波段强的红外吸收有关。由此得出,红外吸收对体系发射率的影响大于导电性和铁磁性的影响。缺位量x=0.2样品的发射率在288~373 K之间的变化值为0.2,仅在室温288~313 K附近发射率变化值就达0.159,计算得出313 K时其向外辐射的能量为440.8 W/m~2,辐射性能增加24.6 %。可见,缺位样品作为热控制材料有更广阔的应用前景。
4.鉴于Mn-O-Mn网络结构对样品性能的重要影响,利用Cu离子和Ti离子替代占据B位的Mn,考察B位掺杂样品的红外发射率特性。随着Cu掺杂浓度的增加,样品结构趋于有序化,体系对称性降低,因此不对称振动引起的红外吸收变大,电子自旋共振波谱的宽度变窄。Ti掺杂样品在8~14μm波段出现了两个新的红外吸收峰。由于掺杂使体系由铁磁态转变为顺磁态,以及在8~14μm波段强的红外吸收,B位掺杂样品的发射率偏高,并且在288~373 K之间随着温度的变化没有明显变化。可见,B位掺杂样品不适合做热控制材料。
5.从镧锰氧化物ABO_3结构掺杂特性出发,分析和总结了镧锰氧化物的晶格结构、电磁特性和红外吸收与红外发射率之间的相互关系,得出掺杂镧锰氧化物的红外发射率特性是红外辐射与晶格结构、电子结构与磁结构相互耦合作用的结果。
6.在镧锰氧化物体材料红外发射率研究的基础上,制备镧锰氧化物薄膜和涂层材料,并初步研究它们的红外发射率特性。利用溶胶凝胶法和反提拉涂膜工艺制备了掺锶镧锰氧化物薄膜,薄膜的红外发射率随着膜厚的增加而逐渐减小,当厚度达到1400 nm时发射率保持不变。紫外辐照结果表明,辐照前后薄膜发射率特性基本不变。以掺锶镧锰氧化物为颜料,环氧改性聚氨酯为基体树脂制备了镧锰氧化物涂层,涂层的发射率随着颜料用量的增加而减小。
Infrared emissivity is a physical property for material under certain temperature. According to Stefan-Boltzman law: E=σεT4, infrared emissivity is an important factor for infrared radiant energy. Higher emissivity can lead to higher radiant energy. Besides colossal magnetoresistance effects, metal-insulator and corresponding ferromagnetism-paramagnetism transition are found to occurr in alkaline earth doped lanthanum manganites. Emissivity of metal is low, while that of insulator is high. Thus, due to metal-insulator transition, infrared emissivity of doped lanthanum manganites can change significantly with temperature, which makes them attractive as thermal control material. In this work, we focus on the infrared emissivity and improvement of variable emissivity of ABO_3-type lanthanum manganites, investigating the structure, electromagnetic properties, infrared absorption and emissivity of La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A=Sr and Ca), La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A=Na and K), (La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(1-x)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(1-x)B_xO_3 (B=Cu and Ti) systems. Appropriate thermal control systems have been confirmed and variable emissivity property has been improved successfully. The relationship between ABO_3 doped structure and infrared emissivity has been discussed. On the basis of this, infrared emissivity of Sr doped lanthanum manganites film and coating has been primarily investigated.
1. Divalent Sr and Ca doped lanthanum manganites have been prepared, respectively, and the relationship between emissivity and doping level, temperature, waveband, roughness, crystal lattice has been systematically investigated for the first time. The results indicate that Sr-doped samples are rhombohedral, but with increasing doping level, greatly reducing Mn~(3+) ions result in the transformation of crystal lattice from rhombohedral to cubic, and the structure of Ca-doped samples are cubic. Due to double-exchange interaction between Mn~(3+) and Mn~(4+), electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism of Sr doped samples are enhanced with increasing doping level, which leads to the decrease of emissivity. According to the close relationship between electric and magnetic properties, we conclude that emissivity of lanthanum manganites relates to, not only electrical resistivity, but also ferromagnetism, and intenser ferromagnetism can lead to lower emissivity value. For Ca doped samples, electrical resistivity was enhanced for doping level x=0.1~0.3 samples, but weakened for x=0.4 sample. The ferromagnetism was enhanced for all the Ca doped samples. Ferromagnetic-insulated phase occurred in the sample due to orbital ordering. Emissivity of Ca doped samples decreased with increasing doping level. Thus, we concluded that the ferromagnetism has stronger effect on emissivity than electrical resistivity. Roughness has no drastic influence on emissivity for bulk lanthanum manganites, and emissivity of rhombohedral and orthorhombic samples, prepared by solid-state reaction and sol-gel method, respectively, was significantly different. The emissivity in the 8~14μm waveband for x=0.2 Sr doped sample increases significantly with temperature, due to the metal-insulator phase transition, and the variable range is 0.13 between 288 K and 373 K. The calculated radiant energy arrives to 536.8 W/m2 at 328 K, and radiant property is improved about 18 %. However, in the 3–5μm waveband, no drastic emissivity change occurs. Emissivity of Ca-doped samples gradually decreases with increasing temperature. Therefore, x=0.2 Sr doped sample may have the potential for application as thermal control material.
2. The monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites La_(1-x)A_xMnO_3 (A= Na and K) were prepared by standard solid-state reaction method. The solubility of Na and K ions in the system is low. The monovalent doped samples are in the paramagnetic state, and the intensity of electron spin resonance decreases with doping level, indicating decreasing concentration of single electron and orbital transition probabilities, which results in the decrease of emissivity. Due to increasing vibrating dipole moments induced by spontaneous polarization, new infrared absorption occurs in the 8~14μm waveband. Due to the weakening of magnetic properties and infrared absorption, the emissivity of monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites is higher and K doped samples exhibit higher emissivity values than Na doped samples. The emissivity of monovalent-doped lanthanum manganites remains constant in the whole temperature range. Therefore, the monovalent-doped system is not suitable as thermal control material.
3. The emissivity of non-stoichiometric (La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(1-x)MnO_3 system was systematically investigated for the first time and sample with bigger variable-emissivity range has been prepared successfully. The electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism of the samples decrease with A-site deficient levels, due to the increase of electron-phonon and magnetism scatter induced by the change of space structure and inner stress. And new infrared absorption occurs in the 8~14μm waveband induced by distorted crystal lattice. The emissivity of the samples shows increase-decrease trend with deficient level, and highest value has been obtained when deficient level x is 0.2, which may be related to intense infrared absorption in the 8~14μm waveband. Thus, we conclude that the influence of infrared absorption on the emissivity is stronger than that of electrical resistivity and ferromagnetism. The emissivity change of x=0.2 sample is 0.2 in the temperature range of 288~373 K, and even 0.15 near room temperature 288~313 K. The calculated radiant energy arrives to 440.8 W/m~2, and radiant property is improved about 24.6 %. Therefore, non-stoichiometric samples have greater potential for application as thermal control material.
4. Due to the important effect of Mn-O-Mn network, the emissivity of Cu and Ti doped system was investigated, respectively. With increasing Cu doping level, ordered structure was formed, and then ordering lowers the symmetry, which enhances asymmetric vibration absorption and narrows electron spin resonance linewidth. Two new infrared absorption peaks occur in the 8~14μm waveband for Ti doped samples. The emissivity of B-site doped lanthanum manganites is higher, due to magnetic transformation from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic and intense infrared absorption in the 8~14μm waveband. No drastic change occurs in the whole temperature range for B-site doped samples. Therefore, the B-site doped system is not suitable as thermal control material.
5. The relationship between infrared emissivity and crystal structure, electromagnetic properties, infrared absorption has been analysed on the basis of ABO_3 doping structure. We conclude that the emissivity property of doped lanthanum manganites is strongly related to the coupling effect between infrared radiation and crystal, electric, magnetic structure.
6. On the basis of research on emissivity of bulk lanthanum manganites, Sr doped lanthanum manganites films and coatings have been prepared, and emissivity of the samples is primarily investigated. The films were prepared by sol-gel and reversed-dip-coating method. The emissivity of the films decreases with thickness, and remains constant when the thickness arrives to 1400 nm. Ultraviolet radiation results show that emissivity property is changeless after radiation. The lanthanum manganites coatings were prepared by Sr doped manganites and epoxy modified polyurethane. The emissivity of the coatings decreases with increasing pigment concentration.
引文
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